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Phylogenetic reduction of the magnocellular red nucleus in primates and inter-subject variability in humans Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Martin Stacho, A. Niklas Häusler, Andrea Brandstetter, Francesca Iannilli, Hartmut Mohlberg, Christian Schiffer, Jeroen B. Smaers, Katrin Amunts
IntroductionThe red nucleus is part of the motor system controlling limb movements. While this seems to be a function common in many vertebrates, its organization and circuitry have undergone massive changes during evolution. In primates, it is sub-divided into the magnocellular and parvocellular parts that give rise to rubrospinal and rubro-olivary connection, respectively. These two subdivisions
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Localization of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the vertebrate retinas across species and their physiological roles Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Daniel Kim, Hyeonhee Roh, Hyung-Min Lee, Sang Jeong Kim, Maesoon Im
Transmembrane proteins known as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels control the movement of Na+ and K+ ions across cellular membranes. HCN channels are known to be involved in crucial physiological functions in regulating neuronal excitability and rhythmicity, and pacemaker activity in the heart. Although HCN channels have been relatively well investigated in the brain
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Arterial supply and morphological characteristics of sympathetic neurons in the human superior cervical ganglion Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jelena Boljanović, Milan Milisavljević, Milan Latas, Laslo Puškaš, Nikola Bogosavljević, Marko Vujačić, Dejan Aleksandrić, Dejan Ćetković, Nemanja Branković, Aleksandra Dožić, Mila Ćetković
The aim of this study was the micromorphological analysis of the distribution of microvessels, mast cells and ganglionic neurons in two parts, proximal and distal of the human superior cervical sympathetic ganglions (SCSGs). Statistical analyses were applied to detect the possible metric regional differences in their densities. Five injected human SCSGs with colored India ink and gelatin were microdissected
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Developmental patterns of extracellular matrix molecules in the embryonic and postnatal mouse hindbrain Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Ildikó Wéber, Adél Dakos, Zoltán Mészár, Clara Matesz, András Birinyi
Normal brain development requires continuous communication between developing neurons and their environment filled by a complex network referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is divided into distinct families of molecules including hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, glycoproteins such as tenascins, and link proteins. In this study, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the
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Anterograde trans-neuronal labeling of striatal interneurons in relation to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Fuyuki Karube, Yang Yang, Kenta Kobayashi, Fumino Fujiyama
Recent advances in neural tracing have unveiled numerous neural circuits characterized by brain region and cell type specificity, illuminating the underpinnings of specific functions and behaviors. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain are highly heterogeneous in terms of gene and protein expression and axonal projections. Different cell types within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) tend
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Cajal, the neuronal theory and the idea of brain plasticity Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jairo A. Rozo, Irene Martínez-Gallego, Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
This paper reviews the importance of Cajal’s neuronal theory (the Neuron Doctrine) and the origin and importance of the idea of brain plasticity that emerges from this theory. We first comment on the main Cajal’s discoveries that gave rise and confirmed his Neuron Doctrine: the improvement of staining techniques, his approach to morphological laws, the concepts of dynamic polarisation, neurogenesis
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Glycine is a transmitter in the human and chimpanzee cochlear nuclei Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Joan S. Baizer, Chet C. Sherwood, Patrick R. Hof, James F. Baker, Sandra F. Witelson
IntroductionAuditory information is relayed from the cochlea via the eighth cranial nerve to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei (DCN, VCN). The organization, neurochemistry and circuitry of the cochlear nuclei (CN) have been studied in many species. It is well-established that glycine is an inhibitory transmitter in the CN of rodents and cats, with glycinergic cells in the DCN and VCN. There are
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NeuroEditor: a tool to edit and visualize neuronal morphologies Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Ivan Velasco, Juan J. Garcia-Cantero, Juan P. Brito, Sofia Bayona, Luis Pastor, Susana Mata
The digital extraction of detailed neuronal morphologies from microscopy data is an essential step in the study of neurons. Ever since Cajal’s work, the acquisition and analysis of neuron anatomy has yielded invaluable insight into the nervous system, which has led to our present understanding of many structural and functional aspects of the brain and the nervous system, well beyond the anatomical
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Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Johnny Di Pierdomenico, Alejandro Gallego-Ortega, María Norte-Muñoz, Beatriz Vidal-Villegas, Isaac Bravo, María Boluda-Ruiz, Jose Manuel Bernal-Garro, Iván Fernandez-Bueno, Jose Carlos Pastor-Jimeno, María Paz Villegas-Pérez, Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros, Cristobal de los Ríos, Manuel Vidal-Sanz
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate, the neuroprotective effects of a new Gramine derivative named: ITH12657, in a model of retinal excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA.MethodsAdult Sprague Dawley rats received an intravitreal injection of 100 mM NMDA in their left eye and were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of ITH12657 or vehicle. The best dose–response
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Distribution of calcium-binding proteins immunoreactivity in the bottlenose dolphin entorhinal cortex Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Jean-Marie Graïc, Annamaria Grandis, Simona Sacchini, Claudio Tagliavia, Giulia Salamanca, Bruno Cozzi, Cristiano Bombardi
IntroductionThe entorhinal cortex has been shown to be involved in high-level cognitive functions in terrestrial mammals. It can be divided into two main areas: the lateral entorhinal area (LEA) and the medial entorhinal area (MEA). Understanding of its structural organization in cetaceans is particularly important given the extensive evidence for their cognitive abilities. The present study describes
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Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Maria Gavrish, Angelina Kustova, Juan C. Celis Suescún, Paraskevi Bessa, Natalia Mitina, Victor Tarabykin
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most recent structure to have appeared during evolution of placental mammals. Its development is controlled by a very complex interplay of many molecules. In humans it contains almost 80% of all commissural axons in the brain. The formation of the CC can be divided into four main stages, each controlled by
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Domingo Sánchez y Sánchez (1860–1947): Cajal’s man on the nervous system of invertebrates Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Adela Serrano-Herrera, Juan Manuel Espinosa-Sanchez
Domingo Sánchez y Sánchez (1860–1947), a distinguished disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, played a fundamental role in the Spanish School of Neurohistology through the meticulous use of diverse staining and microscopic techniques in the study of the histology and physiology of the invertebrate nervous system, generating valuable contributions that were recognized and cited by the scientific community
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Micropopulation mapping of the mouse parafascicular nucleus connections reveals diverse input–output motifs Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Enrique Gonzalo-Martín, Carmen Alonso-Martínez, Lucía Prensa Sepúlveda, Francisco Clasca
IntroductionIn primates, including humans, the centromedian/parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex is a key thalamic node of the basal ganglia system. Deep brain stimulation in CM-Pf has been applied for the treatment of motor disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or Tourette syndrome. Rodents have become widely used models for the study of the cellular and genetic mechanisms of these and other motor disorders
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Age-related changes in the primary auditory cortex of newborn, adults and aging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are located in the upper cortical layers Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jean-Marie Graïc, Livio Corain, Livio Finos, Valentina Vadori, Enrico Grisan, Tommaso Gerussi, Ksenia Orekhova, Cinzia Centelleghe, Bruno Cozzi, Antonella Peruffo
IntroductionThe auditory system of dolphins and whales allows them to dive in dark waters, hunt for prey well below the limit of solar light absorption, and to communicate with their conspecific. These complex behaviors require specific and sufficient functional circuitry in the neocortex, and vicarious learning capacities. Dolphins are also precocious animals that can hold their breath and swim within
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Revisiting the two rhythm generators for respiration in lampreys Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Kianoush Missaghi, Jean-Patrick Le Gal, Julien Mercier, Martin Grover, Philippe-Antoine Beauséjour, Shannon Chartré, Omima Messihad, François Auclair, Réjean Dubuc
In lampreys, respiration consists of a fast and a slow rhythm. This study was aimed at characterizing both anatomically and physiologically the brainstem regions involved in generating the two rhythms. The fast rhythm generator has been located by us and others in the rostral hindbrain, rostro-lateral to the trigeminal motor nucleus. More recently, this was challenged by researchers reporting that
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Ontogenetic changes in the tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive preoptic area in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) females: catecholaminergic involvement in sexual maturation Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Riccardo Porceddu, Cristina Porcu, Giovanna Mulas, Saturnino Spiga, Maria Cristina Follesa
IntroductionThe catecholaminergic component of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis, which mediates the influence of external and internal stimuli on the central nervous system and gonad development in vertebrates, is largely unexplored in Chondrichthyes. We considered Scyliorhinus canicula (L., 1758) females as a model for this vertebrate's class, to assess the involvement of the catecholaminergic system
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Increase of glutamate in satellite glial cells of the trigeminal ganglion in a rat model of craniofacial neuropathic pain Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Yi Sul Cho, Won Mah, Dong Ho Youn, Yu Shin Kim, Hyoung-Gon Ko, Jin Young Bae, Yun Sook Kim, Yong Chul Bae
IntroductionSatellite glial cells (SGCs) that envelop the cell bodies of neurons in sensory ganglia have been shown to both release glutamate, and be activated by glutamate in the context of nociceptive signaling. However, little is known about the subpopulations of SGCs that are activated following nerve injury and whether glutamate mechanisms in the SGCs are involved in the pathologic pain.MethodsTo
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Unveiling the mechanisms of neuropathic pain suppression: perineural resiniferatoxin targets Trpv1 and beyond Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Safa Shehab, Hayate Javed, Aishwarya Mary Johnson, Saeed Tariq, Challagandla Anil Kumar, Bright Starling Emerald
Neuropathic pain arises from damage or disorders affecting the somatosensory system. In rats, L5 nerve injury induces thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity/hyperalgesia. Recently, we demonstrated that applying resiniferatoxin (RTX) directly on uninjured L3 and L4 nerves alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity resulting from L5 nerve injury. Herein, using immunohistochemistry, Western blot
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Structural networking of the developing brain: from maturation to neurosurgical implications Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Alessandro De Benedictis, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Luca de Palma, Silvio Sarubbo, Carlo Efisio Marras
Modern neuroscience agrees that neurological processing emerges from the multimodal interaction among multiple cortical and subcortical neuronal hubs, connected at short and long distance by white matter, to form a largely integrated and dynamic network, called the brain “connectome.” The final architecture of these circuits results from a complex, continuous, and highly protracted development process
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Structural connectivity of cytoarchitectonically distinct human left temporal pole subregions: a diffusion MRI tractography study Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Takeshi Sasaki, Nikos Makris, Martha E. Shenton, Peter Savadjiev, Yogesh Rathi, Ryan Eckbo, Sylvain Bouix, Edward Yeterian, Bradford C. Dickerson, Marek Kubicki
The temporal pole (TP) is considered one of the major paralimbic cortical regions, and is involved in a variety of functions such as sensory perception, emotion, semantic processing, and social cognition. Based on differences in cytoarchitecture, the TP can be further subdivided into smaller regions (dorsal, ventrolateral and ventromedial), each forming key nodes of distinct functional networks. However
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Automated pipeline for nerve fiber selection and g-ratio calculation in optical microscopy: exploring staining protocol variations Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Bart R. Thomson, Louise Françoise Martin, Paul L. Schmidle, Hannah Schlierbach, Anne Schänzer, Henning Richter
G-ratio is crucial for understanding the nervous system’s health and function as it measures the relative myelin thickness around an axon. However, manual measurement is biased and variable, emphasizing the need for an automated and standardized technique. Although deep learning holds promise, current implementations lack clinical relevance and generalizability. This study aimed to develop an automated
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Characterization of primary visual cortex input to specific cell types in the superior colliculus Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Shuang Jiang, Suraj Honnuraiah, Greg J. Stuart
The superior colliculus is a critical brain region involved in processing visual information. It receives visual input directly from the retina, as well as via a projection from primary visual cortex. Here we determine which cell types in the superficial superior colliculus receive visual input from primary visual cortex in mice. Neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus were classified
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Proportions of four distinct classes of sensory neurons are retained even when axon regeneration is enhanced following peripheral nerve injury Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Samia Khan, Dario I. Carrasco, Robin Isaacson, Arthur W. English
IntroductionRecovery from peripheral nerve injuries is poor because axon regeneration is slow and inefficient. Experimental therapies that increase signaling of neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through its TrkB receptor or through its downstream effectors enhance axon regeneration, increasing the number of motor and sensory neurons whose axons successfully regenerate and reinnervate
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Twelve protections evolved for the brain, and their roles in extending its functional life Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Jonathan Stone, John Mitrofanis, Daniel M. Johnstone, Stephen R. Robinson
As human longevity has increased, we have come to understand the ability of the brain to function into advanced age, but also its vulnerability with age, apparent in the age-related dementias. Against that background of success and vulnerability, this essay reviews how the brain is protected by (by our count) 12 mechanisms, including: the cranium, a bony helmet; the hydraulic support given by the cerebrospinal
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Brain plasticity following corpus callosum agenesis or loss: a review of the Probst bundles Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Zorana Lynton, Rodrigo Suárez, Laura R. Fenlon
The corpus callosum is the largest axonal tract in the human brain, connecting the left and right cortical hemipheres. This structure is affected in myriad human neurodevelopmental disorders, and can be entirely absent as a result of congenital or surgical causes. The age when callosal loss occurs, for example via surgical section in cases of refractory epilepsy, correlates with resulting brain morphology
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A technology platform for standardized cryoprotection and freezing of large-volume brain tissues for high-resolution histology Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ramdayalan Kumarasami, Richa Verma, Karthika Pandurangan, Jivitha Jyothi Ramesh, Sathish Pandidurai, Stephen Savoia, Jaikishan Jayakumar, Mihail Bota, Partha Mitra, Jayaraj Joseph, Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam
Understanding and mapping the human connectome is a long-standing endeavor of neuroscience, yet the significant challenges associated with the large size of the human brain during cryosectioning remain unsolved. While smaller brains, such as rodents and marmosets, have been the focus of previous connectomics projects, the processing of the larger human brain requires significant technological advancements
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Secretagogin as a marker to distinguish between different neuron types in human frontal and temporal cortex Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Silvia Tapia-González, Javier DeFelipe
The principal aim of the present work was to chemically characterize the population of neurons labeled for the calcium binding protein secretagogin (SCGN) in the human frontal and temporal cortices (Brodmann’s area 10 and 21, respectively). Both cortical regions are involved in many high cognitive functions that are especially well developed (or unique) in humans, but with different functional roles
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The importance of pre-operative neuroanatomical study in the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Nicola Montano,Alessandro Rapisarda,Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris,Manuela D'Ercole,Alessandro Izzo
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The anatomy of the four streams of the prefrontal cortex. Preliminary evidence from a population based high definition tractography study Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Georgios P. Skandalakis, Jessica Barrios-Martinez, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kavelin Rumalla, Evan N. Courville, Neil Mahto, Aristotelis Kalyvas, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Constantinos G. Hadjipanayis, Meic H. Schmidt, Michael Kogan
The model of the four streams of the prefrontal cortex proposes 4 streams of information: motor through Brodmann area (BA) 8, emotion through BA 9, memory through BA 10, and emotional-related sensory through BA 11. Although there is a surge of functional data supporting these 4 streams within the PFC, the structural connectivity underlying these neural networks has not been fully clarified. Here we
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Behavioral evidence of the functional interaction between the main and accessory olfactory system suggests a large olfactory system with a high plastic capability Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Zacnite Mier Quesada, Wendy Portillo, Raúl G. Paredes
Olfaction is fundamental in many species of mammals. In rodents, the integrity of this system is required for the expression of parental and sexual behavior, mate recognition, identification of predators, and finding food. Different anatomical and physiological evidence initially indicated the existence of two anatomically distinct chemosensory systems: The main olfactory system (MOS) and the accessory
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Endoscopic transorbital resection of the temporal lobe: anatomic qualitative and quantitative study Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Andrea De Rosa, Alejandra Mosteiro, Giulia Guizzardi, Pedro Roldán, Jorge Torales, Jessica Matas Fassi, Luigi Maria Cavallo, Domenico Solari, Alberto Prats-Galino, Alberto Di Somma, Joaquim Enseñat
ObjectiveStarting from an anatomic study describing the possibility of reaching the temporal region through an endoscopic transorbital approach, many clinical reports have now demonstrated the applicability of this strategy when dealing with intra-axial lesions. The study aimed to provide both a qualitative anatomic description of the temporal region, as seen through a transorbital perspective, and
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Immunohistochemical distribution of secretagogin in the mouse brain Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Pablo G. Téllez de Meneses, Laura Pérez-Revuelta, Ángel Canal-Alonso, Carlos Hernández-Pérez, Teresa Cocho, Jorge Valero, Eduardo Weruaga, David Díaz, José R. Alonso
IntroductionCalcium is essential for the correct functioning of the central nervous system, and calcium-binding proteins help to finely regulate its concentration. Whereas some calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin are ubiquitous and are present in many cell types, others such as calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin are expressed in specific neuronal populations. Secretagogin belongs to this
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Editorial: Methods and applications in frontiers in neuroanatomy. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Clément Ricard,Lidia Alonso-Nanclares,Basilis Zikopoulos,Martin Oheim
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Neuroanatomical and neurochemical effects of prolonged social isolation in adult mice Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Vibol Heng, Michael Zigmond, Richard Jay Smeyne
IntroductionAs social animals, our health depends in part on interactions with other human beings. Yet millions suffer from chronic social isolation, including those in nursing/assisted living facilities, people experiencing chronic loneliness as well as those in enforced isolation within our criminal justice system. While many historical studies have examined the effects of early isolation on the
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Macroscopic brain gray matter staining: historical protocol overview and neuroanatomy learning applications in second-year medical students Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Gustavo Adolfo Villegas-Gomez, Luisa F. Figueredo, A. D. Ramirez, Pedro Jose Quiroga-Padilla, Roberto Rueda-Esteban
Macroscopic staining in anatomical samples of the central nervous system is a technique that has been used for decades to achieve better differentiation of multiple gray matter structures, such as the cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellar nuclei. Staining methods are based on using the different components of the brain, mainly the lipids present in the white matter. These techniques have been progressively
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Cerebellar and basal ganglia inputs define three main nuclei in the mouse ventral motor thalamus Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Carmen Alonso-Martínez, Mario Rubio-Teves, César Porrero, Francisco Clascá
The thalamus is a central link between cortical and subcortical brain motor systems. Axons from the deep nuclei of the cerebellum (DCN), or the output nuclei of the basal ganglia system (substantia nigra reticulata, SNr; and internal pallidum GPi/ENT) monosynaptically innervate the thalamus, prominently some nuclei of the ventral nuclear group. In turn, axons from these ventral nuclei innervate the
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The nuclei of the lateral lemniscus: unexpected players in the descending auditory pathway Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Mario Gómez-Martínez, Héctor Rincón, Marcelo Gómez-Álvarez, Ricardo Gómez-Nieto, Enrique Saldaña
IntroductionIn the mammalian auditory pathway, the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL) are thought to be exclusively involved in the bottom-up transmission of auditory information. However, our repeated observation of numerous NLL neurons labeled after injection of retrograde tracers into the superior olivary complex (SOC) led us to systematically investigate with retrograde tracers the descending
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Early cellular and synaptic changes in dopaminoceptive forebrain regions of juvenile mice following gestational exposure to valproate Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Cintia Klaudia Finszter, Róbert Kemecsei, Gergely Zachar, Sophie Holtkamp, Diego Echevarría, István Adorján, Ágota Ádám, András Csillag
Gestational exposure of mice to valproic acid (VPA) is one currently used experimental model for the investigation of typical failure symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the present study we hypothesized that the reduction of dopaminergic source neurons of the VTA, followed by perturbed growth of the mesotelencephalic dopamine pathway (MT), should also modify pattern formation
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CRISPR/Cas9-based QF2 knock-in at the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) locus reveals novel th-expressing neuron populations in the zebrafish mid- and hindbrain Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Christian Altbürger, Jens Holzhauser, Wolfgang Driever
Catecholaminergic neuron clusters are among the most conserved neuromodulatory systems in vertebrates, yet some clusters show significant evolutionary dynamics. Because of their disease relevance, special attention has been paid to mammalian midbrain dopaminergic systems, which have important functions in motor control, reward, motivation, and cognitive function. In contrast, midbrain dopaminergic
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Reduced cingulate gyrus volume in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with syringomyelia and neuropathic pain revealed by voxel-based morphometry: a pilot study Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Björn Nitzsche, Sabine Schulze, Johannes Boltze, Martin J. Schmidt
ObjectivePathomorphological alterations of the central nervous system in dogs, such as syringomyelia and Chiari-like malformation, can cause cranial and cervical hyperesthesia and neuropathic pain. The long-term activity of the pain network can induce functional alteration and eventually even morphological changes in the pain network. This may happen especially in the prefrontal and cingulate cortex
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Editorial: Glial heterogeneity: impact on neuronal function and dysfunction. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Paola Bezzi,Valerio Magnaghi,Rosa Chiara Paolicelli,Jean-Pierre Hornung
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Sympathetic components in left and right human cervical vagus nerve: implications for vagus nerve stimulation Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Tom J. H. Ruigrok, Sophia A. Mantel, Lara Orlandini, Corné de Knegt, Arnaud J. P. E. Vincent, Jochem K. H. Spoor
Cervical vagus nerve stimulation is in a great variety of clinical situations indicated as a form of treatment. It is textbook knowledge that at the cervical level the vagus nerve contains many different fiber classes. Yet, recently, several reports have shown that this nerve also may contain an additional class of potentially noradrenergic fibers, suggested to denote efferent sympathetic fibers. As
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Editorial: Molecular and cellular logic of cerebral cortex development, evolution, and disease. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Maria Teresa Dell'Anno,Luciano Conti,Marco Onorati
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Machine learning-based segmentation of the rodent hippocampal CA2 area from Nissl-stained sections Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Yuki Takeuchi, Kotaro Yamashiro, Asako Noguchi, Jiayan Liu, Shinichi Mitsui, Yuji Ikegaya, Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
The hippocampus is a center of learning, memory, and spatial navigation. This region is divided into the CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas, which are anatomically different from each other. Among these divisions, the CA2 area is unique in terms of functional relevance to sociality. The CA2 area is often manually detected based on the size, shape, and density of neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer
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Fixation and staining methods for macroscopical investigation of the brain Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-24 Leonardo Nardi, Michael J. Schmeisser, Sven Schumann
The proper preservation of human brain tissue is an indispensable requirement for post-mortem investigations. Neuroanatomical teaching, neuropathological examination, neurosurgical training, basic and clinical neuroscientific research are some of the possible downstream applications of brain specimens and, although much apart from one another, proper tissue fixation and preservation is a common denominator
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Cortical type: a conceptual tool for meaningful biological interpretation of high-throughput gene expression data in the human cerebral cortex Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Ariadna Sancha-Velasco, Alicia Uceda-Heras, Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
The interpretation of massive high-throughput gene expression data requires computational and biological analyses to identify statistically and biologically significant differences, respectively. There are abundant sources that describe computational tools for statistical analysis of massive gene expression data but few address data analysis for biological significance. In the present article we exemplify
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Deconvoluting human Brodmann area 8 based on its unique structural and functional connectivity Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Nicholas B. Dadario, Onur Tanglay, Michael E. Sughrue
Brodmann area 8 (BA8) is traditionally defined as the prefrontal region of the human cerebrum just anterior to the premotor cortices and enveloping most of the superior frontal gyrus. Early studies have suggested the frontal eye fields are situated at its most caudal aspect, causing many to consider BA8 as primarily an ocular center which controls contralateral gaze and attention. However, years of
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Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of dorsal root ganglion: an overview Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Keyu Xie, Xu Cheng, Tao Zhu, Donghang Zhang
The somatosensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are responsible to detect peripheral physical and noxious stimuli, and then transmit these inputs into the central nervous system. DRG neurons are composed of various subpopulations, which are suggested to respond to different stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, and cold perception. For a long time, DRG neurons were classified based on anatomical
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White matter changes in fetal brains with ventriculomegaly Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Bianca Horgos, Miruna Mecea, Armand Boer, Andrei Buruiana, Razvan Ciortea, Carmen-Mihaela Mihu, Ioan Stefan Florian, Alexandru Ioan Florian, Florin Stamatian, Bianca Szabo, Camelia Albu, Sergiu Susman, Raluca Pascalau
IntroductionVentriculomegaly (VM) is a fetal brain malformation which may present independently (isolated form) or in association with different cerebral malformations, genetic syndromes or other pathologies (non-isolated form).MethodsThis paper aims to study the effect of ventriculomegaly on the internal tridimensional architecture of fetal brains by way of Klingler's dissection. Ventriculomegaly
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Mapping of Notch signaling in the developing organ of Corti in common marmosets Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Makoto Hosoya, Masato Fujioka, Hideyuki Okano, Hiroyuki Ozawa
IntroductionThe well-regulated development of the sensory epithelium is essential for hearing. This process involves the specification of a pro-sensory epithelium containing common progenitors that differentiate into hair and supporting cells. Notch signaling is one of the most critical pathways during these processes, and its modification is thought to be a feasible approach for treating hearing loss
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Axonal mapping of the motor cranial nerves Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Vlad Tereshenko, Udo Maierhofer, Dominik C. Dotzauer, Gregor Laengle, Olga Politikou, Genova Carrero Rojas, Christopher Festin, Matthias Luft, Florian J. Jaklin, Laura A. Hruby, Andreas Gohritz, Dario Farina, Roland Blumer, Konstantin D. Bergmeister, Oskar C. Aszmann
Basic behaviors, such as swallowing, speech, and emotional expressions are the result of a highly coordinated interplay between multiple muscles of the head. Control mechanisms of such highly tuned movements remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neural components responsible for motor control of the facial, masticatory, and tongue muscles in humans using specific molecular markers (ChAT
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Vasculature in the mouse colon and spatial relationships with the enteric nervous system, glia, and immune cells Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Lixin Wang, Pu-Qing Yuan, Yvette Taché
The distribution, morphology, and innervation of vasculature in different mouse colonic segments and layers, as well as spatial relationships of the vasculature with the enteric plexuses, glia, and macrophages are far from being complete. The vessels in the adult mouse colon were stained by the cardiovascular perfusion of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Alexa Fluor 448 and by CD31 immunoreactivity. Nerve
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Topological arrangement of coronal segments in human callosal fibers in vivo tractography Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Hui Zhang, Yuan Feng, Weiguang Li, Xili Liang, Guanglong Huang, Songtao Qi
The topography of human callosal fibers in the midsagittal corpus callosum (mid-CC), in terms of cortical termination, is inconsistent in the literature. Despite being a high-profile and controversial topic, heterotopic callosal bundles (HeCBs) have not been studied from a whole-brain perspective. Here, we used multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging data from Human Connectome Project Development to
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Hindlimb muscle representations in mouse motor cortex defined by viral tracing Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Lauren Maurer, Maia Brown, Tamandeep Saggi, Alexia Cardiges, Christi L. Kolarcik
IntroductionDescending pathways from the cortex to the spinal cord are involved in the control of natural movement. Although mice are widely used to study the neurobiology of movement and as models of neurodegenerative disease, an understanding of motor cortical organization is lacking, particularly for hindlimb muscles.MethodsIn this study, we used the retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies
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Optogenetics in primate cortical networks Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Sam Merlin, Trichur Vidyasagar
The implementation of optogenetics in studies on non-human primates has generally proven quite difficult, but recent successes have paved the way for its rapid increase. Limitations in the genetic tractability in primates, have been somewhat overcome by implementing tailored vectors and promoters to maximize expression and specificity in primates. More recently, implantable devices, including microLED
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Stereotaxic cutting of post-mortem human brains for neuroanatomical studies Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas, Isabel Pérez-Santos, Carmen Cavada
Stereotaxis is widely used in clinical neurosurgery, neuroradiosurgery, and neuroimaging. Yet, maps of brain structures obtained from post-mortem human brains are not usually presented in known stereotaxic coordinates. Post-mortem brain data given in stereotaxic coordinates would facilitate comparisons with in vivo human neuroimages and would also facilitate intra and inter-experiment comparisons.
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A novel immunohistochemical protocol for paraffin embedded tissue sections using free-floating techniques Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Carolina Muniz Partida, Eric Walters
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established and widely used protocol used to visualize tissue architecture, protein expression and localization. Free-floating methods for IHC employ tissue sections that are cut from a cryostat or vibratome. The limitations of these tissue sections are tissue fragility, poor morphology, and the need to use sections of 20–50 μm. In addition, there is a void of information
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In celebration of Hispanic women in neuroscience. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 María Jimena Salcedo-Arellano,Adriana P Pantoja,Estela M Muñoz,Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
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Visuomotor interactions in the mouse forebrain mediated by extrastriate cortico-cortical pathways Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Karoline Hovde, Ida V. Rautio, Andrea M. Hegstad, Menno P. Witter, Jonathan R. Whitlock
IntroductionThe mammalian visual system can be broadly divided into two functional processing pathways: a dorsal stream supporting visually and spatially guided actions, and a ventral stream enabling object recognition. In rodents, the majority of visual signaling in the dorsal stream is transmitted to frontal motor cortices via extrastriate visual areas surrounding V1, but exactly where and to what
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Histological and MRI brain atlas of the common shrew, Sorex araneus, with brain region-specific gene expression profiles Front. Neuroanat. (IF 2.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Cecilia Baldoni, William R. Thomas, Dominik von Elverfeldt, Marco Reisert, Javier Làzaro, Marion Muturi, Liliana M. Dávalos, John D. Nieland, Dina K. N. Dechmann
The common shrew, Sorex araneus, is a small mammal of growing interest in neuroscience research, as it exhibits dramatic and reversible seasonal changes in individual brain size and organization (a process known as Dehnel’s phenomenon). Despite decades of studies on this system, the mechanisms behind the structural changes during Dehnel’s phenomenon are not yet understood. To resolve these questions