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Distribution of GFAP in Squamata: Extended Immunonegative Areas, Astrocytes, High Diversity, and Their Bearing on Evolution. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Dávid Lõrincz,Mihály Kálmán
Squamata is one of the richest and most diverse extant groups. The present study investigates the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive elements of five lizard and three snake species; each represents a different family. The study continues our former studies on bird, turtle, and caiman brains. Although several studies have been published on lizards, they usually only investigated one
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Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 S Alex Marshall,Justin A McClain,Jessica I Wooden,Kimberly Nixon
Microglia are dynamic cells that have roles in neuronal plasticity as well as in recovery responses following neuronal injury. Although many hypothesize that hyperactivation of microglia contributes to alcohol-induced neuropathology, in other neurodegenerative conditions disruption of normal microglial processes also contributes to neuronal loss, particularly as microglia become dystrophic or dysfunctional
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Editorial: History of Neuroscience. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Jean-Gaël Barbara,Marjorie Perlman Lorch,Frank W Stahnisch
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A Special Cranial Nucleus (CSF-Contacting Nucleus) in Primates. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Si-Yuan Song,Xiao-Meng Zhai,Cheng-Jing Shan,Lei-Lei Lu,Jia Hong,Jun-Li Cao,Li-Cai Zhang
Background There is a unique nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) in the brain of rat. It has been demonstrated in our previous research. The extraordinary feature of this nucleus is that it is not connected to any parenchymal organ but to the CSF. In primates, however, the presence or absence of this nucleus has not been proven. Confirmation of the presence of this nucleus in primates will provide the
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Activated Oxytocin Neurons in the PVN-DVC Pathway in Asthmatic Rats. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Zhe Chen,Li Long,Jian Xiao,Nina Liu,Rong Dong
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and the central nervous system (CNS) also participates in the pathogenesis of asthma. We previously reported the amygdala might regulate asthmatic attacks via projecting to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is a crucial region that modulates respiratory. This study aimed to observe the activity in both PVN and DVC and the
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Characterization of Vimentin-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in the Human Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Liam Anuj O'Leary,Maria Antonietta Davoli,Claudia Belliveau,Arnaud Tanti,Jie Christopher Ma,William Todd Farmer,Gustavo Turecki,Keith Kazuo Murai,Naguib Mechawar
Astrocytes are commonly identified by their expression of the intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP-immunoreactive (GFAP-IR) astrocytes exhibit regional heterogeneity in density and morphology in the mouse brain as well as morphological diversity in the human cortex. However, regional variations in astrocyte distribution and morphology remain to be assessed comprehensively
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Weakly Supervised Learning of 3D Deep Network for Neuron Reconstruction. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Qing Huang,Yijun Chen,Shijie Liu,Cheng Xu,Tingting Cao,Yongchao Xu,Xiaojun Wang,Gong Rao,Anan Li,Shaoqun Zeng,Tingwei Quan
Digital reconstruction or tracing of 3D tree-like neuronal structures from optical microscopy images is essential for understanding the functionality of neurons and reveal the connectivity of neuronal networks. Despite the existence of numerous tracing methods, reconstructing a neuron from highly noisy images remains challenging, particularly for neurites with low and inhomogeneous intensities. Conducting
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Conservation of Glomerular Organization in the Main Olfactory Bulb of Anuran Larvae. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 Lukas Weiss,Lucas D Jungblut,Andrea G Pozzi,Lauren A O'Connell,Thomas Hassenklöver,Ivan Manzini
The glomerular array in the olfactory bulb of many vertebrates is segregated into molecularly and anatomically distinct clusters linked to different olfactory functions. In anurans, glomerular clustering is so far only described in Xenopus laevis. We traced olfactory projections to the bulb in tadpoles belonging to six distantly related anuran species in four families (Pipidae, Hylidae, Bufonidae,
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Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 Promoted Neuron Apoptosis in Ischemic Penumbra via Regulating ASK-1/TNF-α Complex. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 Zhang Feng,Liu Jie,Lv Guimin,Wang Xi
Neuron apoptosis in ischemic penumbra was proved to be involved in ischemic stroke (IS) development and contributed to the poor prognosis of IS. Recent studies showed that aberrant trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) level was associated with cell apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of neuron apoptosis in ischemic penumbra via histone methyltransferase (HMT)
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3D Digital Anatomic Angioarchitecture of the Rat Spinal Cord: A Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT Study. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Ping Li,Yan Xu,Yong Cao,Tianding Wu
Comprehensive analysis of 3D angioarchitecture within the intact rat spinal cord remains technically challenging due to its sophisticated anatomical properties. In this study, we aim to present a framework for ultrahigh-resolution digitalized mapping of the normal rat spinal cord angioarchitecture and to determine the physiological parameters using synchrotron radiation micro-CT (SRμCT). Male SD rats
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Involvement of the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Matter-Central Medial Thalamic Nucleus-Basolateral Amygdala Pathway in Neuropathic Pain Regulation of Rats. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Yi Sun,Jian Wang,Shao-Hua Liang,Jun Ge,Ya-Cheng Lu,Jia-Ni Li,Yan-Bing Chen,Dao-Shu Luo,Hui Li,Yun-Qing Li
The central medial nucleus (CM), a prominent cell group of the intralaminar nuclei (ILN) of the thalamus, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) are two major components of the medial pain system. Whether vlPAG and CM are input sources of nociceptive information to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and whether they are involved in neuropathic pain regulation remain unclear. Clarifying
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Region and Cell Type Distribution of TCF4 in the Postnatal Mouse Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 Hyojin Kim,Noah C Berens,Nicole E Ochandarena,Benjamin D Philpot
Transcription factor 4 is a class I basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor regulating gene expression. Altered TCF4 gene expression has been linked to non-syndromic intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and a severe neurodevelopmental disorder known as Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. An understanding of the cell types expressing TCF4 protein in the mouse brain is needed to help identify potential pathophysiological
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The Neurodevelopmental Pathogenesis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 David M Feliciano
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a model disorder for understanding brain development because the genes that cause TSC are known, many downstream molecular pathways have been identified, and the resulting perturbations of cellular events are established. TSC, therefore, provides an intellectual framework to understand the molecular and biochemical pathways that orchestrate normal brain development
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Comparison of Noninvasive Imagery Methods to Observe Healthy and Degenerated Olfactory Epithelium in Mice for the Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Adeline Etievant,Julie Monnin,Thomas Lihoreau,Brahim Tamadazte,Patrick Rougeot,Eloi Magnin,Laurent Tavernier,Lionel Pazart,Emmanuel Haffen
Olfactory dysfunction could be an early and reliable indicator for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. In this paper, we compare the potential of different noninvasive medical imaging modalities (optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence endomicroscopy) to distinguish how the olfactory epithelium, both at the cellular and
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Distribution of Molecules Related to Neurotransmission in the Nervous System of the Mussel Crenomytilus grayanus. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 Elena Kotsyuba,Alexander Kalachev,Polina Kameneva,Vyacheslav Dyachuk
In bivalves neurotransmitters are involved in a variety of behaviors, but their diversity and distribution in the nervous system of these organisms remains somewhat unclear. Here, we first examined immunohistochemically the distributions of neurons containing different neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and related enzymes, as well as the proliferative status of neurons in the ganglia of the mussel
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Transient Hypothyroidism During Lactation Alters the Development of the Corpus Callosum in Rats. An in vivo Magnetic Resonance Image and Electron Microscopy Study. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-26 Federico Salas-Lucia,Jesús Pacheco-Torres,Susana González-Granero,José Manuel García-Verdugo,Pere Berbel
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of children with late diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism and cognitive alterations such as abnormal verbal memory processing suggest altered telencephalic commissural connections. The corpus callosum (CC) is the major inter-hemispheric commissure that contra-laterally connects neocortical areas. However, in late diagnosed neonates with congenital hypothyroidism
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Evidence for Reciprocal Structural Network Interactions Between Bilateral Crus Lobes and Broca's Complex. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Hui Zhang,Yue Bao,Yuan Feng,Haijun Hu,Yibao Wang
While the proximal dentatothalamocortical tracts are considered pivotal in the occurrence of cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) after medulloblastoma resection, how the cerebellum participates in motor-speech networks through direct structural connectivity is still unclear. Via tractography, we provide evidence of cerebellar streamlines projecting into the left inferior frontal gyrus majorly connecting
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Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Marcos F DosSantos,Sylvie Devalle,Veronica Aran,Daniela Capra,Natália Roberta Roque,Juliana de Mattos Coelho-Aguiar,Tânia Cristina Leite de Sampaio E Spohr,Janice Gonçalves Subilhaga,Cláudia Maria Pereira,Isabella D'Andrea Meira,Paulo Niemeyer Soares Filho,Vivaldo Moura-Neto
Recent studies have suggested the neuroinvasive potential of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Notably, neuroinvasiveness might be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some studies have demonstrated that synapse-connected routes may enable coronaviruses to access the central nervous system (CNS). However, evidence related to the presence of SARS-CoV-2
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Epilepsy and Neuroscience: Evolution and Interaction. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-12 Edward Henry Reynolds
Neuroscience is a relatively new and fashionable word that emerged in the 1950s in several countries, including the UK, to describe a multidisciplinary clinical and laboratory approach to the study of the brain, mind, and neuropsychiatric disorders. However collaborative study of neurological and psychiatric disorders can be traced to the 17th century with roots in antiquity. I describe the evolution
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Differential Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Brain Cells in C57BL/6 Mouse to Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Short-Term Cuprizone Exposure. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Mengyi Luo,Maomao Deng,Zijia Yu,Yi Zhang,Shuqin Xu,Shengping Hu,Haiyun Xu
Cuprizone (CPZ) is a chemical chelator toxic to mitochondria of cells. While inducing oligodendrocyte (OL) loss and demyelination, CPZ caused no fatal damage to the other brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and microglia) in previous studies, suggesting differential susceptibility and vulnerability of brain cells to the CPZ intoxication. To demonstrate this interpretation, C57BL/6 mice were fed rodent
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Neurexin and Neuroligins Maintain the Balance of Ghost and Satellite Boutons at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Gan Guangming,Geng Junhua,Zhang Chenchen,Mou Yang,Xie Wei
Neurexins and neuroligins are common synaptic adhesion molecules that are associated with autism and interact with each other in the synaptic cleft. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) bouton is a well-known model system in neuroscience, and ghost and satellite boutons, respectively, indicate the poor development and overgrowth of the NMJ boutons. However, the Drosophila neurexin (DNrx) and
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Gestational Exposure to Sodium Valproate Disrupts Fasciculation of the Mesotelencephalic Dopaminergic Tract, With a Selective Reduction of Dopaminergic Output From the Ventral Tegmental Area. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 Ágota Ádám,Róbert Kemecsei,Verónica Company,Raquel Murcia-Ramón,Iris Juarez,László I Gerecsei,Gergely Zachar,Diego Echevarría,Eduardo Puelles,Salvador Martínez,András Csillag
Gestational exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is known to cause behavioral deficits of sociability, matching similar alterations in human autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Available data are scarce on the neuromorphological changes in VPA-exposed animals. Here, we focused on alterations of the dopaminergic system, which is implicated in motivation and reward, with relevance to social cohesion. Whole brains
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Location of the Cell Adhesion Molecule "Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor" in the Adult Mouse Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Amani Wehbi,Eric J Kremer,Iria G Dopeso-Reyes
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane cell adhesion molecule (CAM). CAR is expressed in numerous mammalian tissues including the brain, heart, lung, and testes. In epithelial cells, CAR functions are typical of the quintessential roles of numerous CAMs. However, in the brain the multiple roles of CAR are poorly understood. To better understand the physiological
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Editorial: The Anatomical Basis of the Cross Talk Between Immune System and Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Francesco Fornai,Francesco Orzi
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Interactions Between the Serotonergic and Other Neurotransmitter Systems in the Basal Ganglia: Role in Parkinson's Disease and Adverse Effects of L-DOPA. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 Ana Muñoz,Andrea Lopez-Lopez,Carmen M Labandeira,Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, other non-dopaminergic neuronal systems such as the serotonergic system are also involved. Serotonergic dysfunction is associated with non-motor symptoms and complications, including anxiety, depression, dementia, and sleep disturbances. This pathology reduces patient quality
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Antennal Lobe Atlas of an Emerging Corn Pest, Athetis dissimilis. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Jun-Feng Dong,Nan-Ji Jiang,Xin-Cheng Zhao,Rui Tang
Moths develop sophisticated olfactory systems to sense the airborne chemical cues from the environment. Understanding the structural basis in the neuronal center is a fundamental neuroethological step. Little is known about the emerging crop pest Athetis dissimilis with regard to its morphology or its neuronal organizations. Through antibody staining and digital 3D modeling, we re-constructed the primary
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Editorial: Structure and Function of the Insula-Claustrum Region. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-04-08 David Reser,Fabienne Picard
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High-Resolution Episcopic Imaging for Visualization of Dermal Arteries and Nerves of the Auricular Cymba Conchae in Humans. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 Babak Dabiri,Stefan Kampusch,Stefan H Geyer,Van Hoang Le,Wolfgang J Weninger,Jozsef Constantin Széles,Eugenijus Kaniusas
Therapeutic applications of auricular vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have drawn recent attention. Since the targeted stimulation process and parameters depend on the electrode–tissue interaction, the lack of structural anatomical information on innervation and vascularization of the auricle restrain the current optimization of stimulation paradigms. For the first time, we employed high-resolution episcopic
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Structural Covariance Changes of Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus During Musical Training in Young Adults. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 Panfei Guo,Qiongling Li,Xuetong Wang,Xinwei Li,Shaoyi Wang,Yongqi Xie,Yachao Xie,Zhenrong Fu,Xiaohui Zhang,Shuyu Li
Musical training can induce the functional and structural changes of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is not a homogeneous structure which can be divided into anterior and posterior parts along its longitudinal axis, and the whole-brain structural covariances of anterior (aHC) and posterior hippocampus (pHC) show distinct patterns in young adults. However, little is known about whether the anterior
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Distinct Components in the Right Extended Frontal Aslant Tract Mediate Language and Working Memory Performance: A Tractography-Informed VBM Study. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 Federico Varriano,Saül Pascual-Diaz,Alberto Prats-Galino
The extended frontal aslant tract (exFAT) is a tractography-based extension of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) which has been shown to be related with language and working memory performance in healthy human adults, but whether those functional implications map to structurally separate regions along its trajectory is still an open question. We present a tractography-informed Voxel-Based Morphometry
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Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Fernanda Troili,Virginia Cipollini,Marco Moci,Emanuele Morena,Miklos Palotai,Virginia Rinaldi,Carmela Romano,Giovanni Ristori,Franco Giubilei,Marco Salvetti,Francesco Orzi,Charles R G Guttmann,Michele Cavallari
Most neurological disorders seemingly have heterogenous pathogenesis, with overlapping contribution of neuronal, immune and vascular mechanisms of brain injury. The perivascular space in the brain represents a crossroad where those mechanisms interact, as well as a key anatomical component of the recently discovered glymphatic pathway, which is considered to play a crucial role in the clearance of
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How Human Is Human Connectional Neuroanatomy? Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 R Jarrett Rushmore,Sylvain Bouix,Marek Kubicki,Yogesh Rathi,Edward H Yeterian,Nikos Makris
The structure of the human brain has been studied extensively. Despite all the knowledge accrued, direct information about connections, from origin to termination, in the human brain is extremely limited. Yet there is a widespread misperception that human connectional neuroanatomy is well-established and validated. In this article, we consider what is known directly about human structural and connectional
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Calsequestrins New Calcium Store Markers of Adult Zebrafish Cerebellum and Optic Tectum. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Sandra Furlan,Marina Campione,Marta Murgia,Simone Mosole,Francesco Argenton,Pompeo Volpe,Alessandra Nori
Calcium stores in neurons are heterogeneous in compartmentalization and molecular composition. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an animal model with a simply folded cerebellum similar in cellular organization to that of mammals. The aim of the study was to identify new endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store markers in zebrafish adult brain with emphasis on cerebellum and optic tectum. By quantitative polymerase
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Differences in the Structure and Protein Expression of Femoral Nerve Branches in Rats. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Shuai Wei,Qian Hu,Xiaoqing Cheng,Jianxiong Ma,Xuezhen Liang,Jiang Peng,Wenjing Xu,Xun Sun,Gonghai Han,Xinlong Ma,Yu Wang
Treatment for peripheral nerve injury remains limited. The inherent differences between motor and sensory nerve fibers in peripheral nerves should be considered to improve the effects of clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury. In this study, we investigated the differences in protein expression and ultrastructure between the cutaneous and muscular branches of the femoral nerve in rats. Our results
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Anatomy and Connectivity of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Humans and Non-human Primates. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-13 Aron Emmi,Angelo Antonini,Veronica Macchi,Andrea Porzionato,Raffaele De Caro
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is an oval-shaped diencephalic structure located ventrally to the thalamus, playing a fundamental role in the circuitry of the basal ganglia. In addition to being involved in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease, the STh is one of the target nuclei for deep brain stimulation. However, most of the anatomical
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Understanding the Molecular and Cell Biological Mechanisms of Electrical Synapse Formation. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 E Anne Martin,Abagael M Lasseigne,Adam C Miller
In this review article, we will describe the recent advances made towards understanding the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of electrical synapse formation. New evidence indicates that electrical synapses, which are gap junctions between neurons, can have complex molecular compositions including protein asymmetries across joined cells, diverse morphological arrangements, and overlooked similarities
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Brain and Behavioral Asymmetry: A Lesson From Fish Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini; Valeria Anna Sovrano; Giorgio Vallortigara; Andrea Messina
It is widely acknowledged that the left and right hemispheres of human brains display both anatomical and functional asymmetries. For more than a century, brain and behavioral lateralization have been considered a uniquely human feature linked to language and handedness. However, over the past decades this idea has been challenged by an increasing number of studies describing structural asymmetries
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Using Teleost Fish to Discern Developmental Signatures of Evolutionary Adaptation From Phenotypic Plasticity in Brain Structure Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 Zachary J. Hall; Vincent Tropepe
Traditionally, the impact of evolution on the central nervous system has been studied by comparing the sizes of brain regions between species. However, more recent work has demonstrated that environmental factors, such as sensory experience, modulate brain region sizes intraspecifically, clouding the distinction between evolutionary and environmental sources of neuroanatomical variation in a sampled
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Inner SPACE: 400-Micron Isotropic Resolution MRI of the Human Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 Timothy M Shepherd,Michael J Hoch,Mary Bruno,Arline Faustin,Antonios Papaioannou,Stephen E Jones,Orrin Devinsky,Thomas Wisniewski
Objectives Clinically relevant neuroanatomy is challenging to teach, learn and remember since many functionally important structures are visualized best using histology stains from serial 2D planar sections of the brain. In clinical patients, the locations of specific structures then must be inferred from spatial position and surface anatomy. A 3D MRI dataset of neuroanatomy has several advantages
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Subplate Neurons as an Organizer of Mammalian Neocortical Development. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
Subplate neurons (SpNs) are one of the earliest born and matured neurons in the developing cerebral cortex and play an important role in the early development of the neocortex. It has been known that SpNs have an essential role in thalamocortical axon (TCA) pathfinding and the establishment of the first neural circuit from the thalamus towards cortical layer IV. In addition to this function, it has
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Monosynaptic Input Mapping of Diencephalic Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus in the Rat Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Si-Yuan Song; Ying Li; Xiao-Meng Zhai; Yue-Hao Li; Cheng-Yi Bao; Cheng-Jing Shan; Jia Hong; Jun-Li Cao; Li-Cai Zhang
Objective: To investigate the projections the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-contacting) nucleus receives from the diencephalon and to speculate on the functional significance of these connections. Methods: The retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CB) was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus in SD rats according to the experimental formula of the stereotaxic coordinates. Animals were
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Zebrafish Astroglial Morphology in the Olfactory Bulb Is Altered With Repetitive Peripheral Damage. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Jackson Scheib,Christine Byrd-Jacobs
Zebrafish do not possess the typical astrocytes that are found in mammalian systems. In some brain areas, this teleost has radial glia that appears to perform astrocyte-like functions, but these cells have not been described in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. Mammalian astrocytes facilitate neuroplasticity and undergo astrogliosis after insult. The role of these cells in the zebrafish olfactory system
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Stereotaxic Diffusion Tensor Imaging White Matter Atlas for the in vivo Domestic Feline Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Philippa J Johnson,Raluca Pascalau,Wen-Ming Luh,Ashish Raj,Sofia Cerda-Gonzalez,Erica F Barry
The cat brain is a useful model for neuroscientific research and with the increasing use of advanced neuroimaging techniques there is a need for an open-source stereotaxic white matter brain atlas to accompany the cortical gray matter atlas, currently available. A stereotaxic white matter atlas would facilitate anatomic registration and segmentation of the white matter to aid in lesion localization
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Conserved Genoarchitecture of the Basal Hypothalamus in Zebrafish Embryos. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-06 Theresa Schredelseker,Wolfgang Driever
Analyses of genoarchitecture recently stimulated substantial revisions of anatomical models for the developing hypothalamus in mammalian and other vertebrate systems. The prosomeric model proposes the hypothalamus to be derived from the secondary prosencephalon, and to consist of alar and basal regions. The basal hypothalamus can further be subdivided into tuberal and mamillary regions, each with distinct
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Cytoarchitectonic Characterization and Functional Decoding of Four New Areas in the Human Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Magdalena Wojtasik,Sebastian Bludau,Simon B Eickhoff,Hartmut Mohlberg,Fatma Gerboga,Svenja Caspers,Katrin Amunts
A comprehensive concept of the biological basis of reward, social and emotional behavior, and language requires a deeper understanding of the microstructure and connectivity of the underlying brain regions. Such understanding could provide deeper insights into their role in functional networks, and form the anatomical basis of the functional segregation of this region as shown in recent in vivo imaging
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Multiple Morphometric Assessment of Microglial Cells in Deafferented Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 Nuria García-Magro,Yasmina B Martin,Alejandra Palomino-Antolin,Javier Egea,Pilar Negredo,Carlos Avendaño
Microglia (MG) are the first cells to react to the abnormal incoming signals that follow an injury of sensory nerves and play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, a common sequel of nerve injuries. Here we present population data on cell number, soma size, and length of processes of MG in the caudal division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C) in control mice
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Neuro-hormonal Regulation Is a Better Indicator of Human Cognitive Abilities Than Brain Anatomy: The Need for a New Paradigm. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Arthur Saniotis,James P Grantham,Jaliya Kumaratilake,Maciej Henneberg
Human intelligence has been theorized since the ancient Greeks. Plato and Aristotle incorporated theories of human intelligence into their metaphysical and cosmological theories which informed the social and medical sciences for centuries. With the advent of the 20th century, human intelligence became increasingly standardized based on Intelligence Quotients (IQ). Moreover, multiple theories of human
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Reelin Immunoreactivity in the Adult Spinal Cord: A Comparative Study in Rodents, Carnivores, and Non-human Primates. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2020-01-08 Agnieszka Krzyzanowska,Marina Cabrerizo,Francisco Clascá,Tania Ramos-Moreno
Reelin is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein secreted by several neuronal populations in a specific manner in both the developing and the adult central nervous system. The extent of Reelin protein distribution and its functional role in the adult neocortex is well documented in different mammal models. However, its role in the adult spinal cord has not been well characterized and its distribution
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Subregional Density of Neurons, Neurofibrillary Tangles and Amyloid Plaques in the Hippocampus of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-12-19 Diana Furcila,Marta Domínguez-Álvaro,Javier DeFelipe,Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
A variety of anatomical alterations have been reported in the hippocampal formation of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and these alterations have been correlated with cognitive symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Major hallmarks in AD are the presence of paired helical filaments of tau protein (PHFTau) within neurons, also known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and aggregates of amyloid-β
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Automated Individualization of Size-Varying and Touching Neurons in Macaque Cerebral Microscopic Images. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-12-17 Zhenzhen You,Yaël Balbastre,Clément Bouvier,Anne-Sophie Hérard,Pauline Gipchtein,Philippe Hantraye,Caroline Jan,Nicolas Souedet,Thierry Delzescaux
In biomedical research, cell analysis is important to assess physiological and pathophysiological information. Virtual microscopy offers the unique possibility to study the compositions of tissues at a cellular scale. However, images acquired at such high spatial resolution are massive, contain complex information, and are therefore difficult to analyze automatically. In this article, we address the
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Internal Subdivisions of the Marmoset Claustrum Complex: Identification by Myeloarchitectural Features and High Field Strength Imaging. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 Xiuxian Pham,David K Wright,Nafiseh Atapour,Jonathan M-H Chan,Kirsty J Watkins,Katrina H Worthy,Marcello Rosa,Amy Reichelt,David H Reser
There has been a surge of interest in the structure and function of the mammalian claustrum in recent years. However, most anatomical and physiological studies treat the claustrum as a relatively homogenous structure. Relatively little attention has been directed toward possible compartmentalization of the claustrum complex into anatomical subdivisions, and how this compartmentalization is reflected
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Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Insular Cortex and Claustrum. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 Christine Ibrahim,Bernard Le Foll,Leon French
The insular cortex has been linked to a multitude of functions. In contrast, the nearby claustrum is a densely connected subcortical region with unclear function. To view the insula-claustrum region from the molecular perspective we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of these areas in six adult and four fetal human brains. We identified marker genes with specific expression and performed transcriptome-wide
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Th17 and Cognitive Impairment: Possible Mechanisms of Action. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 Virginia Cipollini,Josef Anrather,Francesco Orzi,Costantino Iadecola
T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a distinct population of immune cells, important in the defense of the organism against extracellular infectious agents. Because of their cytokine profile and ability to recruit other immune cell types, they are highly pro-inflammatory and are involved in the induction of several autoimmune disorders. Recent studies show that Th17 cells and their signature cytokine
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The Golgi Apparatus of Neocortical Glial Cells During Hibernation in the Syrian Hamster. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 Gonzalo León-Espinosa,Javier DeFelipe,Alberto Muñoz
Hibernating mammals undergo torpor periods characterized by a general decrease in body temperature, metabolic rate, and brain activity accompanied by complex adaptive brain changes that appear to protect the brain from extreme conditions of hypoxia and low temperatures. These processes are accompanied by morphological and neurochemical changes in the brain including those in cortical neurons such as
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Environmental Enrichment From Birth Impacts Parvalbumin Expressing Cells and Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin Labelled Peri-Neuronal Nets Within the Developing Murine Striatum. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-12 Angela May O'Connor,Thomas Joseph Burton,Hannan Mansuri,Gabriel Rhys Hand,Catherine Anne Leamey,Atomu Sawatari
Environmental enrichment can dramatically affect both the development and function of neural circuits. This is accomplished, at least in part, by the regulation of inhibitory cellular networks and related extracellular matrix glycoprotein structures known as perineuronal nets. The degree to which enhanced housing can influence brain areas involved in the planning and execution of actions is not well
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Differential Change in Hippocampal Radial Astrocytes and Neurogenesis in Shorebirds With Contrasting Migratory Routes. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-05 Camila Mendes de Lima,Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira,Ediely Pereira Henrique,Marcus Augusto de Oliveira,Dario Carvalho Paulo,Lucas Silva de Siqueira,Daniel Guerreiro Diniz,Diego Almeida Miranda,Mauro André Damasceno de Melo,Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães,David Francis Sherry,Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz,Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz
Little is known about environmental influences on radial glia-like (RGL) α cells (radial astrocytes) and their relation to neurogenesis. Because radial glia is involved in adult neurogenesis and astrogenesis, we investigated this association in two migratory shorebird species that complete their autumnal migration using contrasting strategies. Before their flights to South America, the birds stop over
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Response: Commentary: The Nomenclature of Human White Matter Association Pathways: Proposal for a Systematic Taxonomic Anatomical Classification. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-11-05 Emmanuel Mandonnet,Silvio Sarubbo,Laurent Petit
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An Adult Brain Atlas Reveals Broad Neuroanatomical Changes in Independently Evolved Populations of Mexican Cavefish. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-10-23 Cody Loomis,Robert Peuß,James B Jaggard,Yongfu Wang,Sean A McKinney,Stephan C Raftopoulos,Austin Raftopoulos,Daniel Whu,Matthew Green,Suzanne E McGaugh,Nicolas Rohner,Alex C Keene,Erik R Duboue
A shift in environmental conditions impacts the evolution of complex developmental and behavioral traits. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, is a powerful model for examining the evolution of development, physiology, and behavior because multiple cavefish populations can be compared to an extant, ancestral-like surface population of the same species. Many behaviors have diverged in cave populations
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Equine Stereotaxtic Population Average Brain Atlas With Neuroanatomic Correlation. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-10-23 Philippa J Johnson,Valentin Janvier,Wen-Ming Luh,Marnie FitzMaurice,Teresa Southard,Erica F Barry
There is growing interest in the horse for behavioral, neuroanatomic and neuroscientific research due to its large and complex brain, cognitive abilities and long lifespan making it neurologically interesting and a potential large animal model for several neuropsychological diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful neuroscientific research tool that can be performed in vivo, with adapted
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Editorial: Organization of the White Matter Anatomy in the Human Brain. Front. Neuroanat. (IF 3.292) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 Silvio Sarubbo,Laurent Petit