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Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy: Insights Into Pathophysiology and Perspectives for Therapy Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Assumpció Bosch; Raúl Estévez
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a rare genetic disorder belonging to the group of vacuolating leukodystrophies. It is characterized by megalencephaly, loss of motor functions, epilepsy, and mild mental decline. In brain biopsies of MLC patients, vacuoles were observed in myelin and in astrocytes surrounding blood vessels. It is mainly caused by recessive mutations
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Semi-Automated Cell and Tissue Analyses Reveal Regionally Specific Morphological Alterations of Immune and Neural Cells in a Porcine Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Samantha E. Spellicy; Kelly M. Scheulin; Emily W. Baker; Brian J. Jurgielewicz; Holly A. Kinder; Elizabeth S. Waters; Janet A. Grimes; Steven L. Stice; Franklin D. West
Histopathological analysis of cellular changes in the stroked brain provides critical information pertaining to inflammation, cell death, glial scarring, and other dynamic injury and recovery responses. However, commonly used manual approaches are hindered by limitations in speed, accuracy, bias, and the breadth of morphological information that can be obtained. Here, a semi-automated high-content
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Lipopolysaccharide Pre-conditioning Attenuates Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Cytoprotective Effect in Differentiated PC12 Cell Lines via Pre-activation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling Pathway Leading to the Inhibition of Caspase-3/Nuclear Factor-κappa B Pathway Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Pushpa Gandi Sangaran; Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim; Zamri Chik; Zahurin Mohamed; Abolhassan Ahmadiani
Lipopolysacharide (LPS) pre-conditioning (PC), has been shown to exert protective effects against cytotoxic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized, the tolerance produced by LPS PC will be resulted by the alterations and modifications in gene and protein expression. With reference to the results of MTT assays, AO/PI staining, and Annexin V-FITC analyses of LPS concentration (0.7815–50 μg/mL) and time-dependent
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Development of Locomotor-Related Movements in Early Infancy Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Arthur H. Dewolf; Francesca Sylos Labini; Yury Ivanenko; Francesco Lacquaniti
This mini-review focuses on the emergence of locomotor-related movements in early infancy. In particular, we consider multiples precursor behaviors of locomotion as a manifestation of the development of the neuronal networks and their link in the establishment of precocious locomotor skills. Despite the large variability of motor behavior observed in human babies, as in animals, afferent information
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Attenuation of Native Hyperpolarization-Activated, Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Function by the Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane in Mouse Thalamocortical Relay Neurons Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 Stefan Schwerin; Claudia Kopp; Elisabeth Pircher; Gerhard Schneider; Matthias Kreuzer; Rainer Haseneder; Stephan Kratzer
As thalamocortical relay neurons are ascribed a crucial role in signal propagation and information processing, they have attracted considerable attention as potential targets for anesthetic modulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on the excitability of thalamocortical relay neurons and hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels
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Immune Regulation of Adult Neurogenic Niches in Health and Disease Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Sana Chintamen; Fatima Imessadouene; Steven G. Kernie
Microglia regulate neuronal development during embryogenesis, postnatal development, and in specialized microenvironments of the adult brain. Recent evidence demonstrates that in adulthood, microglia secrete factors which modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis by inhibiting cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo, maintaining a balance between cell division and cell death in neurogenic
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A Hypomorphic Dars1D367Y Model Recapitulates Key Aspects of the Leukodystrophy HBSL Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Dominik Fröhlich; Marisa I. Mendes; Andrew J. Kueh; Andre Bongers; Marco J. Herold; Gajja S. Salomons; Gary D. Housley; Matthias Klugmann
Hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity (HBSL) is a leukodystrophy caused by missense mutations of the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase-encoding gene DARS1. The clinical picture includes the regression of acquired motor milestones, spasticity, ataxia, seizures, nystagmus, and intellectual disabilities. Morphologically, HBSL is characterized by a distinct pattern of hypomyelination
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Examinations of Bilateral Epileptiform Activities in Hippocampal Slices Obtained From Young Mice Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Haiyu Liu; Peter L. Carlen; Liang Zhang
Bilateral interconnections through the hippocampal commissure play important roles in synchronizing or spreading hippocampal seizure activities. Intact hippocampi or bilateral hippocampal slices have been isolated from neonatal or immature rats (6–7 or 12–21 days old, respectively) and the mechanisms underlying the bilateral synchrony of hippocampal epileptiform activities have been investigated. However
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From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Maude Bordeleau; Lourdes Fernández de Cossío; M. Mallar Chakravarty; Marie-Ève Tremblay
Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother’s well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body’s regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of
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Dorsal-Ventral Differences in Retinal Structure in the Pigmented Royal College of Surgeons Model of Retinal Degeneration Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Una Greferath; Mario Huynh; Andrew Ian Jobling; Kirstan Anne Vessey; Gene Venables; Denver Surrao; Helen Christine O'Neill; Ioannis J. Limnios; Erica Lucy Fletcher
Retinitis pigmentosa is a family of inherited retinal degenerations associated with gradual loss of photoreceptors, that ultimately leads to irreversible vision loss. The Royal College of Surgeon's (RCS) rat carries a recessive mutation affecting mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (merTK), that models autosomal recessive disease. The aim of this study was to understand the glial, microglial, and photoreceptor
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Microvascular Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Joe Steinman; Hong-Shuo Sun; Zhong-Ping Feng
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with continual decline in cognition and ability to perform routine functions such as remembering familiar places or understanding speech. For decades, amyloid beta (Aβ) was viewed as the driver of AD, triggering neurodegenerative processes such as inflammation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This approach has not yielded
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HMGA1 Induction of miR-103/107 Forms a Negative Feedback Loop to Regulate Autophagy in MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Gehui Li; Wanxian Luo; Baoyan Wang; Chen Qian; Yongyi Ye; Yuantao Li; Shizhong Zhang
Autophagy dysfunction has been directly linked with the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1), well-known chromatin remodeling proteins, play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their function in neural cell death in PD, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report
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Dentate Granule Cells Recruited in the Home Environment Display Distinctive Properties Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Claire Pléau; Angélique Peret; Edouard Pearlstein; Thomas Scalfati; Alexandre Vigier; Geoffrey Marti; François J. Michel; Thomas Marissal; Valérie Crépel
The dentate granule cells (DGCs) play a crucial role in learning and memory. Many studies have described the role and physiological properties of these sparsely active neurons using different behavioral contexts. However, the morpho-functional features of DGCs recruited in mice maintained in their home cage (without training), considered as a baseline condition, have not yet been established. Using
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High Contrast Allows the Retina to Compute More Than Just Contrast Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Matthew Yedutenko; Marcus H. C. Howlett; Maarten Kamermans
The goal of sensory processing is to represent the environment of an animal. All sensory systems share a similar constraint: they need to encode a wide range of stimulus magnitudes within their narrow neuronal response range. The most efficient way, exploited by even the simplest nervous systems, is to encode relative changes in stimulus magnitude rather than the absolute magnitudes. For instance,
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Neuronal and Synaptic Plasticity in the Visual Thalamus in Mouse Models of Glaucoma Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Matthew J. Van Hook; Corrine Monaco; Elizabeth R. Bierlein; Jennie C. Smith
Homeostatic plasticity plays important role in regulating synaptic and intrinsic neuronal function to stabilize output following perturbations to circuit activity. In glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease of the visual system commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), the early disease is associated with altered synaptic inputs to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), changes in RGC intrinsic
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Antidromic Spike Propagation and Dissimilar Expression of P2X, 5-HT, and TRPV1 Channels in Peripheral vs. Central Sensory Axons in Meninges Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Oleg Gafurov; Kseniia Koroleva; Rashid Giniatullin
Background: The terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve in meninges are supposed to be the origin site of migraine pain. The main function of these peripheral sensory axons is the initiation and propagation of spikes in the orthodromic direction to the second order neurons in the brainstem. The stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion induces the release of the neuropeptide CGRP in meninges suggesting
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Structural and Functional Features of Developing Brain Capillaries, and Their Alteration in Schizophrenia Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Micaël Carrier; Jérémie Guilbert; Jean-Philippe Lévesque; Marie-Ève Tremblay; Michèle Desjardins
Schizophrenia affects more than 1% of the world’s population and shows very high heterogeneity in the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms experienced by patients. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder are largely unknown, although it is proposed to emerge from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. In this work, we explore the potential alterations in
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Neural Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive Behaviors in Rodent Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Tanya Gandhi; Charles C. Lee
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is comprised of several conditions characterized by alterations in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the heterogeneous development of ASD behaviors. Several rodent models display ASD-like phenotypes, including repetitive behaviors. In this review article, we discuss the potential neural mechanisms
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Deletion of LRP1 From Astrocytes Modifies Neuronal Network Activity in an in vitro Model of the Tripartite Synapse Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Ramona Romeo; Kristin Glotzbach; Anja Scheller; Andreas Faissner
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a transmembrane receptor that binds over 40 potential ligands and is involved in processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. LRP1 is ubiquitously expressed in the organism and enriched among others in blood vessels, liver, and the central nervous system (CNS). There, it is strongly expressed by neurons, microglia
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Extrinsic Factors Regulating Dendritic Patterning Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Tzu-Yang Lin; Pei-Ju Chen; Hung-Hsiang Yu; Chao-Ping Hsu; Chi-Hon Lee
Stereotypic dendrite arborizations are key morphological features of neuronal identity, as the size, shape and location of dendritic trees determine the synaptic input fields and how information is integrated within developed neural circuits. In this review, we focus on the actions of extrinsic intercellular communication factors and their effects on intrinsic developmental processes that lead to dendrite
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Cell Adhesion Molecules Involved in Neurodevelopmental Pathways Implicated in 3p-Deletion Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Josan Gandawijaya; Rosemary A. Bamford; J. Peter H. Burbach; Asami Oguro-Ando
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interaction, language delay and repetitive or restrictive behaviors. With increasing prevalence, ASD is currently estimated to affect 0.5–2.0% of the global population. However, its etiology remains unclear due to high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Copy number variations (CNVs) are implicated in several forms of syndromic ASD
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Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Cedric Bressan; Armen Saghatelyan
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large
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P2RX7 in Dopaminergic Neurons of Ventral Periaqueductal Gray Mediates HTWP Acupuncture-Induced Consciousness in Traumatic Brain Injury Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Huiling Tang; Siru Qin; Wei Li; Xuyi Chen; Luis Ulloa; Qiumei Zhu; Baohu Liu; Yinan Gong; Yadan Zhao; Songtao Wang; Shanshan Li; Yongming Guo; Zhifang Xu; Yi Guo
The induction of a coma by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a crucial factor for poor clinical prognoses. We report that acupuncture at the hand 12 Jing-Well points (HTWP) improved consciousness and neurologic function in TBI rats. Gene chip analyses showed that HTWP acupuncture mostly activated genes modulating neuronal projections (P2rx7, P2rx3, Trpv1, Tacr1, and Cacna1d), protein secretion (Exoc1
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A Circadian Clock in the Retina Regulates Rod-Cone Gap Junction Coupling and Neuronal Light Responses via Activation of Adenosine A2A Receptors Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Jiexin Cao; Christophe P. Ribelayga; Stuart C. Mangel
Adenosine, a major neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS), is involved in a variety of regulatory functions such as the sleep/wake cycle. Because exogenous adenosine displays dark- and night-mimicking effects in the vertebrate retina, we tested the hypothesis that a circadian (24 h) clock in the retina uses adenosine to control neuronal light responses and information processing. Using
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DL-3n-Butylphthalide Improves Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Rat After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Muyassar Mamtilahun; Zhenyu Wei; Chuan Qin; Yongting Wang; Yaohui Tang; Fan-xia Shen; Heng-Li Tian; Zhijun Zhang; Guo-Yuan Yang
Objective: DL-3n-butylphthalide (NBP) has beneficial effects in different stages of ischemic stroke. Our previous studies have demonstrated that NBP promoted angiogenesis in the perifocal region of the ischemic brain. However, the molecular mechanism of NBP for blood–brain barrier protection in acute ischemic stroke was unclear. Here, we explored the neuroprotective effects of NBP on blood–brain barrier
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TRPV1 Supports Axogenic Enhanced Excitability in Response to Neurodegenerative Stress Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Michael L. Risner; Nolan R. McGrady; Andrew M. Boal; Silvia Pasini; David J. Calkins
Early progression in neurodegenerative disease involves challenges to homeostatic processes, including those controlling axonal excitability and dendritic organization. In glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, stress from intraocular pressure (IOP) causes degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons which comprise the optic nerve. Previously, we discovered that early
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Modulating Microglial Cells for Promoting Brain Recovery and Repair Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Dirk M. Hermann; Matthias Gunzer
Representing the brain’s innate immune cells that interact vividly with blood-derived immune cells and brain parenchymal cells, microglia set the stage for successful brain remodeling and repair in the aftermath of brain damage. With the development of pharmacological colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitors, which allow inhibiting or depleting microglial cells, and of transgenic mice, allowing
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Strategies for Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Repair in Traumatic CNS Injury Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Anne Huntemer-Silveira; Nandadevi Patil; Megan A. Brickner; Ann M. Parr
A major consequence of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury is the loss of the myelin sheath, a cholesterol-rich layer of insulation that wraps around axons of the nervous system. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced and maintained by oligodendrocytes. Damage to the CNS may result in oligodendrocyte cell death and subsequent loss of myelin, which can have serious consequences for
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Scrap and Build for Functional Neural Circuits: Spatiotemporal Regulation of Dendrite Degeneration and Regeneration in Neural Development and Disease Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Kotaro Furusawa; Kazuo Emoto
Dendrites are cellular structures essential for the integration of neuronal information. These elegant but complex structures are highly patterned across the nervous system but vary tremendously in their size and fine architecture, each designed to best serve specific computations within their networks. Recent in vivo imaging studies reveal that the development of mature dendrite arbors in many cases
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Inhibition of Caspase-1 Ameliorates Ischemia-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Integrity by Suppressing Pyroptosis Activation Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Yubin Liang; Pingping Song; Wei Chen; Xuemin Xie; Rixin Luo; Jiehua Su; Yunhui Zhu; Jiamin Xu; Rongrong Liu; Peizhi Zhu; Yusheng Zhang; Min Huang
Ischemic cerebral infarction represents a significant cause of disability and death worldwide. Caspase-1 is activated by the NLRP3/ASC pathway and inflammasomes, thus triggering pyroptosis, a programmed cell death. In particular, this death is mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD), which induces secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Accordingly, inhibition of caspase-1 prevents the development and
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HDAC9 Silencing Exerts Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury via miR-20a-Dependent Downregulation of NeuroD1 Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Liangjun Zhong; Jinxiang Yan; Haitao Li; Lei Meng
Cerebral stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke includes ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic strokes, of which the incidence of ischemic stroke accounts for 60–70% of the total number of strokes. Existing preclinical evidence suggests that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a promising therapeutic intervention for stroke
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Macrophages Respond Rapidly to Ototoxic Injury of Lateral Line Hair Cells but Are Not Required for Hair Cell Regeneration Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Mark E. Warchol; Angela Schrader; Lavinia Sheets
The sensory organs of the inner ear contain resident populations of macrophages, which are recruited to sites of cellular injury. Such macrophages are known to phagocytose the debris of dying cells but the full role of macrophages in otic pathology is not understood. Lateral line neuromasts of zebrafish contain hair cells that are nearly identical to those in the inner ear, and the optical clarity
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An “Outside-In” and “Inside-Out” Consideration of Complement in the Multiple Sclerosis Brain: Lessons From Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 B. Paul Morgan; Jennifer L. Gommerman; Valeria Ramaglia
The last 15 years have seen an explosion of new findings on the role of complement, a major arm of the immune system, in the central nervous system (CNS) compartment including contributions to cell migration, elimination of synapse during development, aberrant synapse pruning in neurologic disorders, damage to nerve cells in autoimmune diseases, and traumatic injury. Activation of the complement system
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Light Sheet Microscopy Using FITC-Albumin Followed by Immunohistochemistry of the Same Rehydrated Brains Reveals Ischemic Brain Injury and Early Microvascular Remodeling Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Ayan Mohamud Yusuf; Nina Hagemann; Sarah Schulten; Olessja Rausch; Kristina Wagner; Tanja Hussner; Yachao Qi; Matthias Totzeck; Christoph Kleinschnitz; Anthony Squire; Matthias Gunzer; Dirk M. Hermann
Until recently, the visualization of cerebral microvessels was hampered by the fact that only short segments of vessels could be evaluated in brain sections by histochemistry. These limitations have been overcome by light sheet microscopy, which allows the 3D analysis of microvasculature in cleared brains. A major limitation of light sheet microscopy is that antibodies do not sufficiently penetrate
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Chronic Tear Deficiency Sensitizes Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1-Mediated Responses in Corneal Sensory Nerves Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Takayoshi Masuoka; Yuka Yamashita; Katsuya Nakano; Kenshi Takechi; Takahiro Niimura; Masashi Tawa; Qiang He; Keisuke Ishizawa; Takaharu Ishibashi
Chronic tear deficiency enhances the excitability of corneal cold-sensitive nerves that detect ocular dryness, which can lead to discomfort in patients with dry eye disease (DED). However, changes in corneal nerve excitations through the polymodal nociceptor “transient receptor potential vanilloid 1” (TRPV1) and the potential link between this receptor and symptoms of DED remain unclear. In this study
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Chemically Induced Models of Parkinson’s Disease: History and Perspectives for the Involvement of Ferroptosis Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Shuheng Wen; Toshihiko Aki; Kana Unuma; Koichi Uemura
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of necrotic cell death characterized by its dependency on iron and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has attracted much attention recently in the area of neurodegeneration since the involvement of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD), a major neurodegenerative disease, has been indicated using animal models. Although PD is associated with both genetic and environmental
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AAV-Mediated GALC Gene Therapy Rescues Alpha-Synucleinopathy in the Spinal Cord of a Leukodystrophic Lysosomal Storage Disease Mouse Model Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Michael S. Marshall; Yazan Issa; Gregory Heller; Duc Nguyen; Ernesto R. Bongarzone
Krabbe's disease (KD) is primarily a demyelinating disorder, but recent studies have identified the presence of neuronal protein aggregates in the brain, at least partially composed by alpha-synuclein (α-syn). The role of this protein aggregation in the pathogenesis of KD is largely unknown, but it has added KD to a growing list of lysosomal storage diseases that can be also be considered as proteinopathies
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Cellular and Synaptic Mechanisms That Differentiate Mitral Cells and Superficial Tufted Cells Into Parallel Output Channels in the Olfactory Bulb Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Shelly Jones; Joel Zylberberg; Nathan Schoppa
A common feature of the primary processing structures of sensory systems is the presence of parallel output “channels” that convey different information about a stimulus. In the mammalian olfactory bulb, this is reflected in the mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs) that have differing sensitivities to odors, with TCs being more sensitive than MCs. In this study, we examined potential mechanisms
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Long Non-coding RNA LINC00320 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Glioma Cells and Angiogenesis Through Downregulation of NFKB1-Mediated AQP9 Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Lisha Chang; Zhe Bian; Xin Xiong; Jian Liu; Dali Wang; Fuling Zhou; Jiang Zhang; Yunhe Zhang
The inhibitory effect of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00320 (LINC00320) in glioma cell proliferation has been proposed in a recent study. However, the mechanisms by which LINC00320 regulate aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in glioma require further exploration. Hence, this study aims to investigate effects of LINC00320 on tumorigenicity of glioma cells and angiogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs)
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Organotypic Brain Slice Culture Microglia Exhibit Molecular Similarity to Acutely-Isolated Adult Microglia and Provide a Platform to Study Neuroinflammation Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Alex R. D. Delbridge; Dann Huh; Margot Brickelmaier; Jeremy C. Burns; Chris Roberts; Ravi Challa; Naideline Raymond; Patrick Cullen; Thomas M. Carlile; Katelin A. Ennis; Mei Liu; Chao Sun; Normand E. Allaire; Marianna Foos; Hui-Hsin Tsai; Nathalie Franchimont; Richard M. Ransohoff; Cherie Butts; Michael Mingueneau
Microglia are central nervous system (CNS) resident immune cells that have been implicated in neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of a variety of neurological conditions. Their manifold context-dependent contributions to neuroinflammation are only beginning to be elucidated, which can be attributed in part to the challenges of studying microglia in vivo and the lack of tractable in vitro systems to study
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Targeting MicroRNA-125b Promotes Neurite Outgrowth but Represses Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation via Blocking PTGS2 and CDK5 in a FOXQ1-Dependent Way in Alzheimer Disease Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Jingcong Zhuang; Zhongjie Chen; Pingping Cai; Rong Wang; Qingwei Yang; Longling Li; Huili Yang; Renjing Zhu
This study aimed to explore the molecular regulatory network among microRNA-125b (miR-125b), forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), as well as their effects on cell apoptosis, neurite outgrowth, and inflammation in Alzheimer disease (AD). Rat embryo cerebral cortex neurons and nerve growth factor–stimulated PC12 cells were insulted
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Pregnancy Changes the Response of the Vomeronasal and Olfactory Systems to Pups in Mice Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Cinta Navarro-Moreno; Maria Jose Sanchez-Catalan; Manuela Barneo-Muñoz; Rafael Goterris-Cerisuelo; Maria Belles; Enrique Lanuza; Carmen Agustin-Pavon; Fernando Martinez-Garcia
Motherhood entails changes in behavior with increased motivation for pups, induced in part by pregnancy hormones acting upon the brain. This work explores whether this alters sensory processing of pup-derived chemosignals. To do so, we analyse the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the vomeronasal organ (VNO; Egr1) and centers of the olfactory and vomeronasal brain pathways (cFos) in virgin
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The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Ashwini Hariharan; Nick Weir; Colin Robertson; Liqun He; Christer Betsholtz; Thomas A. Longden
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that
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The Parvalbumin Hypothesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Federica Filice; Lucia Janickova; Thomas Henzi; Alessandro Bilella; Beat Schwaller
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—a type of neurodevelopmental disorder—is increasing and is around 2% in North America, Asia, and Europe. Besides the known genetic link, environmental, epigenetic, and metabolic factors have been implicated in ASD etiology. Although highly heterogeneous at the behavioral level, ASD comprises a set of core symptoms including impaired communication and
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Prefrontal Disinhibition in Social Fear: A Vital Action of Somatostatin Interneurons Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Jun Wang; Yuanyuan Tian; Ling-Hui Zeng; Han Xu
Social fear and avoidance of social partners and social situations represent the core behavioral symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), a prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. The pathological mechanism of SAD remains elusive and there are no specific and satisfactory therapeutic options currently available. With the development of appropriate animal models, growing studies start to unravel
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Synaptic Loss in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insights Provided by Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Transgenic Mouse Models Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Jaichandar Subramanian; Julie C. Savage; Marie-Ève Tremblay
Synapse loss is the strongest correlate for cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms underlying synapse loss have been extensively investigated using mouse models expressing genes with human familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. In this review, we summarize how multiphoton in vivo imaging has improved our understanding of synapse loss mechanisms associated with excessive amyloid in
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Dysfunctional Autophagy and Endolysosomal System in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Relevance and Therapeutic Options Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Silvia Giovedì; Margherita Maria Ravanelli; Barbara Parisi; Barbara Bettegazzi; Fabrizia Claudia Guarnieri
Autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking are crucial in neuronal development, function and survival. These processes ensure efficient removal of misfolded aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles, such as dysfunctional mitochondria, thus allowing the maintenance of proper cellular homeostasis. Beside this, emerging evidence has pointed to their involvement in the regulation of the synaptic
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Electrophysiological Profile Remodeling via Selective Suppression of Voltage-Gated Currents by CLN1/PPT1 Overexpression in Human Neuronal-Like Cells Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Gian Carlo Demontis; Francesco Pezzini; Elisa Margari; Marzia Bianchi; Biancamaria Longoni; Stefano Doccini; Maciej Maurycy Lalowski; Filippo Maria Santorelli; Alessandro Simonati
CLN1 disease (OMIM #256730) is an inherited neurological disorder of early childhood with epileptic seizures and premature death. It is associated with mutations in CLN1 coding for Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a lysosomal enzyme which affects the recycling and degradation of lipid-modified (S-acylated) proteins by removing palmitate residues. Transcriptomic evidence from a neuronal-like
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The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Xiaoyun Gou; Junjie Ying; Yan Yue; Xia Qiu; Peng Hu; Yi Qu; Jinhui Li; Dezhi Mu
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that plays an important role in stabilizing nucleosomes and DNA repair. HMGB1 can be passively released from necrotic neurons or actively secreted by microglia, macrophages/monocytes, and neutrophils. Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and its outcome depends on the number of neurons dying due to
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Glycosylation of CaV3.2 Channels Contributes to the Hyperalgesia in Peripheral Neuropathy of Type 1 Diabetes Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Sonja Lj. Joksimovic; J. Grayson Evans; William E. McIntire; Peihan Orestes; Paula Q. Barrett; Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic; Slobodan M. Todorovic
Our previous studies implicated glycosylation of the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the development of Type 2 painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Here we investigated biophysical mechanisms underlying the modulation of recombinant CaV3.2 channel by de-glycosylation enzymes such as neuraminidase (NEU) and PNGase-F (PNG), as well as their behavioral and biochemical effects
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Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroapoptosis in Rat Dentate Gyrus Is Activated by Autophagy Through NF-κB Signaling on the Late-Stage Progenitor Granule Cells Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Dongyi Tong; Zhongliang Ma; Peng Su; Shuai Wang; Ying Xu; Li Min Zhang; Ziyi Wu; Kun Liu; Ping Zhao
Objective The mechanisms by which exposure of the late-stage progenitor cells to the anesthesia sevoflurane alters their differentiation are not known. We seek to query whether the effects of sevoflurane on late-stage progenitor cells might be regulated by apoptosis and/or autophagy. Methods To address the short-term impact of sevoflurane exposure on granule cell differentiation, we used 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
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Imaging Subthreshold Voltage Oscillation With Cellular Resolution in the Inferior Olive in vitro Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Kevin Dorgans; Bernd Kuhn; Marylka Yoe Uusisaari
Voltage imaging with cellular resolution in mammalian brain slices is still a challenging task. Here, we describe and validate a method for delivery of the voltage-sensitive dye ANNINE-6plus (A6+) into tissue for voltage imaging that results in higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than conventional bath application methods. The not fully dissolved dye was injected into the inferior olive (IO) 0, 1, or
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Revisiting PNS Plasticity: How Uninjured Sensory Afferents Promote Neuropathic Pain Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Emily L. Tran; LaTasha K. Crawford
Despite the widespread study of how injured nerves contribute to chronic pain, there are still major gaps in our understanding of pain mechanisms. This is particularly true of pain resulting from nerve injury, or neuropathic pain, wherein tactile or thermal stimuli cause painful responses that are particularly difficult to treat with existing therapies. Curiously, this stimulus-driven pain relies upon
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The Olfactory Bulb Facilitates Use of Category Bounds for Classification of Odorants in Different Intensity Groups Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Justin Losacco; Nicholas M. George; Naoki Hiratani; Diego Restrepo
Signal processing of odor inputs to the olfactory bulb (OB) changes through top-down modulation whose shaping of neural rhythms in response to changes in stimulus intensity is not understood. Here we asked whether the representation of a high vs. low intensity odorant in the OB by oscillatory neural activity changed as the animal learned to discriminate odorant concentration ranges in a go-no go task
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Neuroinflammation, Promote Neural Cell Proliferation and Improve Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Nicole Kaminski; Christian Köster; Yanis Mouloud; Verena Börger; Ursula Felderhoff-Müser; Ivo Bendix; Bernd Giebel; Josephine Herz
Background: Neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of childhood mortality and disability. Stem cell-based regenerative therapies seem promising to prevent long-term neurological deficits. Our previous work in neonatal HI revealed an unexpected interaction between mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and the brains' microenvironment leading to an altered therapeutic
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Morphological and Functional Changes of Corneal Nerves and Their Contribution to Peripheral and Central Sensory Abnormalities Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Adrian Guerrero-Moreno; Christophe Baudouin; Stéphane Melik Parsadaniantz; Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
The cornea is the most densely innervated and sensitive tissue in the body. The cornea is exclusively innervated by C- and A-delta fibers, including mechano-nociceptors that are triggered by noxious mechanical stimulation, polymodal nociceptors that are excited by mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli, and cold thermoreceptors that are activated by cooling. Noxious stimulations activate corneal
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TSPO Ligands PK11195 and Midazolam Reduce NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Release in BV-2 Cells Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Hao Feng; Yongxin Liu; Rui Zhang; Yingxia Liang; Lina Sun; Nannan Lan; Baoyu Ma
Neuroinflammation related to microglial activation plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a biomarker of reactive gliosis, its ligands can reduce neuroinflammation and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we explored whether TSPO ligands exert an anti-inflammatory effect by affecting the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor
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Comprehensive Profiling of Gene Expression in the Cerebral Cortex and Striatum of BTBRTF/ArtRbrc Mice Compared to C57BL/6J Mice Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Shota Mizuno; Jun-na Hirota; Chiaki Ishii; Hirohide Iwasaki; Yoshitake Sano; Teiichi Furuichi
Mouse line BTBR T+ Iptr3tf/J (hereafter referred as to BTBR/J) is a mouse strain that shows lower sociability compared to the C57BL/6J mouse strain (B6) and thus is often utilized as a model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we utilized another subline, BTBRTF/ArtRbrc (hereafter referred as to BTBR/R), and analyzed the associated brain transcriptome compared to B6 mice using microarray
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Synaptic Vesicles Dynamics in Neocortical Epilepsy Front. Cell. Neurosci. (IF 3.921) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Eleonora Vannini; Laura Restani; Marialaura Dilillo; Liam A. McDonnell; Matteo Caleo; Vincenzo Marra
Neuronal hyperexcitability often results from an unbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, but the synaptic alterations leading to enhanced seizure propensity are only partly understood. Taking advantage of a mouse model of neocortical epilepsy, we used a combination of photoconversion and electron microscopy to assess changes in synaptic vesicles pools in vivo. Our analyses reveal