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Syncopal attacks in children: Is it cardiac or epilepsy related? Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Fahad Bashiri; Rana Alsheikh; Rawan Alsheikh; Hamad AlSheikh; Matar Alsehemi; Abdullah Alhuzaimi
Background Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) may be mistaken for other disorders like epilepsy. Our objectives were to identify symptoms that could help differentiate epilepsy from syncope among children with TLOC and to validate previously suggested criteria. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients aged 18 years or younger who presented with TLOC attacks from January 2008 to
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Can novel non-invasive autonomic tests help discriminate between pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy? Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 Boriana S. Gagaouzova; Mirjam Datema; Roland D. Thijs; Martijn R. Tannemaat; Sylvie R. Steenmeijer; Irene C. Notting; J. Gert van Dijk
Background Pure autonomic failure (PAF) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are rare disorders causing severe autonomic failure. Their initially similar clinical presentation may lead to years of diagnostic difficulties. Improving the differentiation would have an important impact on patients and families in view of better prediction of disease progression. Objective To investigate whether several new
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Prevalence of joint hypermobility syndromes in pediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Jeffrey R. Boris; Thomas Bernadzikowski
Introduction Patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) have been shown to exhibit comorbid joint hypermobility manifested as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) or hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD). The prevalence of EDS and HSD in POTS has been demonstrated in smaller studies combining adult and pediatric patients. We examined a large series of pediatric patients to determine their
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Systemic and cerebral circulatory adjustment within the first 60 s after active standing: An integrative physiological view Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Mark P.M. Harms; Ciáran Finucane; Laura Pérez-Denia; Stephen Jurachek; Veera K. van Wijnen; Lewis A. Lipsitz; Johannes J. van Lieshout; Wouter Wieling
Transient cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses within the first minute of active standing provide the means to assess autonomic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation using a real-world everyday stimulus. Traditionally, these responses have been used to detect autonomic dysfunction, and to identify the hemodynamic correlates of patient symptoms and attributable causes of (pre)syncope
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Observational case series describing features of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (PoTS) Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Alice Loughnan; Nicholas Gall; Stephen James
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (PoTS) is a chronic condition often affecting multiple systems with varied presenting symptoms. Diagnosis is made by demonstrating cardiovascular criteria on standing along with clinical assessment. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has been used to demonstrate and characterise the physiological response to exercise and the severity of the syndrome. Previous studies on
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Protective effects of quercetin-loaded microcapsules on the enteric nervous system of diabetic rats Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Camila Cavicchioli Sehaber-Sierakowski; Flávia Cristina Vieira-Frez; Catchia Hermes-Uliana; Heber Amilcar Martins; Gleison Daion Piovezana Bossolani; Mariana Machado Lima; Fernanda Paschoal Blegniski; Flávia Alessandra Guarnier; Marcela Maria Baracat; Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles; Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni
Quercetin-loaded microcapsules (QLM) promote controlled release and higher bioavailability of quercetin, an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent. We evaluated the antioxidant effect of QLM on enteric innervation and in the oxidative status of the ileum of diabetic rats. Wistar adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in six groups containing normoglycemic (N), diabetic (D) and either normoglycemic
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Using a radiopaque marker with radiography for evaluating colonic transit by geometric center in conscious rats: A novel method Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Misaki Okada; Sazu Taniguchi; Chiaki Takeshima; Hiroshi Taniguchi; Hiroshi Kitakoji; Kazunori Itoh; Toku Takahashi; Kenji Imai
This study developed a new method using radiopaque markers under X-ray to measure rat colonic transit by geometric center repeatedly and/or over a time series in the same individually. Additionally, the utility of this method was shown by elucidating the innervation of the autonomic nerve on colonic transit in detail with a pharmacological technique in conscious rats. An in-dwelling silastic cannula
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Decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased albuminuria for identification of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in subjects with and without diabetes Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Ying-Chuen Lai; Hung-Yuan Li; Yi-Dier Jiang; Tien-Jyun Chang; Lee-Ming Chuang
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Research design and methods From October 2008 to May 2011, we enrolled 218 patients with diabetes and 62 nondiabetic subjects. Heart rate variability was represented as the maximal heart rate minus the minimal heart rate (HRmax-min) during a one-minute
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Cardioprotective effects of acute sleep deprivation on ischemia/reperfusion injury Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Zohreh Edalatyzadeh; Marjan Aghajani; Alireza Imani; Mahdieh Faghihi; Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi; Sahar Askari; Samira Choopani
Objectives Modulation of sympathetic activity during acute sleep deprivation can produce various effects on body functions. We studied the effects of acute sleep deprivation before ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts, and the role of sympathetic nervous system that may mediate these sleep deprivation induced effects. Methods The animals were randomized into four groups
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Distinct cardiovascular and respiratory responses to short-term sustained hypoxia in juvenile Sprague Dawley and Wistar Hannover rats Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-14 Darlan S. Bazilio; Karla L. Rodrigues; Davi J.A. Moraes; Benedito H. Machado
Short-term sustained hypoxia (SH) elicits active expiration, augmented late-expiratory (late-E) sympathetic activity, increased arterial pressure and ventilation, and amplified sympathetic and abdominal expiratory responses to chemoreflex activation in rats of the Wistar-Ribeirão Preto (WRP) strain. Herein, we investigated whether SH can differentially affect the cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes
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Inhibition of the dorsomedial hypothalamus substantially decreases brown adipose tissue sympathetic discharge induced by activation of the lateral habenula Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Mariana Brizuela; Youichirou Ootsuka
The lateral habenula (LHb) is an evolutionarily ancient nucleus that plays an important role in the detection of salient/adverse environmental events. We have previously shown that the LHb is involved in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis elicited by stressful situations, and that the medullary raphé, a key lower brainstem sympathetic control centre, mediates BAT thermogenesis elicited by stimulating
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Purinergic receptor antagonism: A viable strategy for the management of autonomic dysreflexia? Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Zeljka Minic; Donal S. O'Leary; Christian A. Reynolds
The purinergic receptor ligand, ATP, may participate in reflex induced vasoconstriction through sympathetic efferent and sensory afferent mechanisms. However, the role of the purinergic system in contributing to autonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury is unclear. The present study investigates the involvement of P2X receptors in contributing to pressor responses during autonomic dysreflexia
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Action potential subpopulations within human muscle sympathetic nerve activity: Discharge properties and governing mechanisms Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Stephen A. Klassen; J. Kevin Shoemaker
Sympathetic emissions directed towards the skeletal muscle circulation — muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) — represent a key mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and supporting human survival during physiological stress. Pulse-rhythmic bursts formed by the synchronous discharge of differently-sized sympathetic action potentials (APs) represent the primary characteristic of MSNA. Of the APs
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Regulatory effects of cervical sympathetic trunk and renal sympathetic nerve activities on cerebral blood flow during head-down postural rotations Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Noriko Matsuo; Satoshi Matsuo; Yosuke Nakamura; Felix Ojeiru Ezomo; Yasuaki Kawai
This study attempts to clarify the neural control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during head-down postural rotation, which induces a cephalad fluid shift in urethane-anesthetized rats. The animals were placed on a table, tilted to a 45° head-down position over 5 s and maintained in that position. Head-down rotation (HDR) induced a transient decrease (8 ± 3 mm Hg; mean ± SE) in mean arterial blood pressure
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Effects of acute hyperglycemia on the exercise pressor reflex in healthy rats Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Yu Huo; Ann-Katrin Grotle; Kai M. Ybarbo; Junghoon Lee; Michelle L. Harrison; Audrey J. Stone
The exercise pressor reflex is exaggerated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia, a main characteristic of T2DM, likely contributes to this exaggerated response. However, the isolated effect of acute hyperglycemia, independent of T2DM, on the exercise pressor reflex is not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute, local exposure to hyperglycemia on
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Validation of the new index of baroreflex function to identify neurogenic orthostatic hypotension Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 Pietro Guaraldi; Francesca Baschieri; Giorgio Barletta; Annagrazia Cecere; Pietro Cortelli; Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
Background According to expert opinion, orthostatic hypotension (OH) associated to a change in heart rate (ΔHR) less than 15 bpm suggests neurogenic OH (NOH). Recently, the ratio between HR and systolic blood pressure changes at 3 min of tilt test (ΔHR/ΔSBP) has been proposed as a better index than the ΔHR cut-off of 17 bpm. Our aim was to validate these indexes based on HR in an independent cohort
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Global REACH 2018: Regional differences in cerebral blood velocity control during normoxic and hypoxic cold pressor tests Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Michael M. Tymko; Ryan L. Hoiland; Philip N. Ainslie
The impact of oxygen on the cerebral response to the cold pressor test (CPT) remains unknown. In 13 participants, blood pressure, middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv and PCAv, respectively) were measured during an isocapnic normoxic and hypoxic (SpO2 = 85%) CPT. The main findings were: 1) the MCAv response to the CPT was greater compared to the PCAv in both normoxic and hypoxic
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Adenosine A1 and A2a receptors modulate the nitrergic system in cell culture from dorsomedial medulla oblongata Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 M.A. Costa; J.P.P. Matsumoto; D.C. Carrettiero; D.R. Fior-Chadi
Adenosine and nitric oxide act on the fine-tuning regulation of neural cardiovascular control in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Although the interaction between adenosine and NO is well known in the periphery, the mechanisms by which adenosine interferes in the dynamics of nitrergic neurotransmission, related to neural control of circulation, are not completely understood and might be relevant
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Sex differences in the autonomic and cerebrovascular responses to upright tilt Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Andrew D. Robertson; Ismina Papadhima; Heather Edgell
Sex differences in the regulation of autonomic and cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic stress remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to concurrently investigate autonomic control and cerebrovascular resistance indices, including critical closing pressure (CrCP) and resistance area product (RAP), during upright tilt in men and women. In 13 women and 14 men (18–29 years), ECG, non-invasive
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Non-pharmacologic management of orthostatic hypotension Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Gisela Chelimsky; Thomas Chelimsky
Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a debilitating disorder characterized by a drop in blood pressure when in the upright position, may be treated through several pharmacologic and lifestyle modifications. The treatment is aimed at decreasing the symptoms, mainly the falls, increase the standing time, and improve the activities of daily life. A recent expert consensus outlined the management of orthostatic
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Topographic carotid vasoconstriction in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Yumi Takemoto
The vascular beds of various cranial tissues receive common carotid flow, which contributes to blood flow redistribution associated with animal behaviors such as grooming, but the medullary autonomic regulation of carotid flow resistance (CAR) is poorly understood. This study is the first to examine the response sites of CAR in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) presympathetic area to chemical
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Autonomic neuropathy and urologic complications in diabetes Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Nnenaya Agochukwu-Mmonu; Rodica Pop-Busui; Hunter Wessells; Aruna V. Sarma
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy affects the entire autonomic nervous system and can lead to dysfunction of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary organ systems. Genitourinary dysfunction associated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy includes diabetic bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Urological complications in diabetes mellitus are very
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Exaggerated potassium current reduction by oxytocin in visceral sensory neurons following chronic intermittent hypoxia Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Heather A. Dantzler; David D. Kline
Oxytocin (OT) from the hypothalamus is increased in several cardiorespiratory nuclei and systemically in response to a variety of stimuli and stressors, including hypoxia. Within the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), the first integration site for cardiorespiratory reflexes, OT enhances synaptic transmission, action potential (AP) discharge, and cardiac baroreflex gain. The hypoxic stressor obstructive
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Is there cardiac autonomic neuropathy in prediabetes? Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 Lindsay A. Zilliox; James W. Russell
Although there is considerably more data showing an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and autonomic neuropathy, accumulating evidence indicates that cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is common in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Furthermore, CAN may occur early after a metabolic insult and obesity, especially among mean, and seems to play an important role in
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Effects of optogenetic activation of the enteric nervous system on gastrointestinal motility in mouse small intestine Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Nick J. Spencer; Lee Travis; Tim Hibberd; Nigel Kelly; Jing Feng; Hongzhen Hu
Background and aims Recently, it was demonstrated that optogenetics could be used to stimulate enteric calretinin neurons, leading to increased colonic transit in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the current study was to determine if similar approaches could be used to stimulate the isolated mouse small intestine, with the aim of potentially also improving transit in the small bowel. Methods Cre-Lox recombination
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Pharmacologic treatment of orthostatic hypotension Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Jin-Woo Park; Luis E. Okamoto; Cyndya A. Shibao; Italo Biaggioni
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disabling disorder caused by impairment of the normal autonomic compensatory mechanisms that maintain upright blood pressure. Nonpharmacologic treatment is always the first step in the management of this condition, but a considerable number of patients will require pharmacologic therapies. Denervation hypersensitivity and impairment of baroreflex buffering
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Syncope at SARS-CoV-2 onset Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Ciro Canetta; Silvia Accordino; Elisabetta Buscarini; Gianpaolo Benelli; Giuseppe La Piana; Alessandro Scartabellati; Giovanni Viganò; Roberto Assandri; Alberto Astengo; Chiara Benzoni; Gianfranco Gaudiano; Daniele Cazzato; Davide Sebastiano Rossi; Susanna Usai; Irene Tramacere; Giuseppe Lauria
We describe clinical and laboratory findings in 35 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab experiencing one or multiple syncope at disease onset. Clinical neurologic and cardiologic examination, and electrocardiographic findings were normal. Chest computed tomography showed findings consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Arterial
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Delayed orthostatic hypotension. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Christopher H Gibbons,Roy Freeman
Delayed orthostatic hypotension is a fall in blood pressure beyond 3 min of standing or upright tilt table testing. The prevalence, clinical features and pathophysiology are reviewed. To date, there is little data to support a standardized or recommended treatment. However, the 10-year mortality rates of individuals with delayed orthostatic hypotension are approximately 50%. Despite the fact that delayed
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Autonomic and Cardiac Repolarization Lability in Long QT Syndrome Patients. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 Natalia DeMaria,Ahmed Selmi,Samuel Kashtan,Xiaojuan Xia,Matthew Wang,Wojciech Zareba,Jean-Philippe Couderc,David S Auerbach
Objective Long QT-Syndrome (LQTS) patients are at risk of arrhythmias and seizures. We investigated whether autonomic and cardiac repolarization measures differed based on LQTS genotypes, and in LQTS patients with vs. without arrhythmias and seizures. Methods We used 24-h ECGs from LQTS1 (n = 87), LQTS2 (n = 50), and LQTS genotype negative patients (LQTS(−), n = 16). Patients were stratified by LQTS
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Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Chinmay S Marathe,Karen L Jones,Tongzhi Wu,Christopher K Rayner,Michael Horowitz
Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy represents an important and diverse, but poorly appreciated, manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy that impacts negatively on quality of life. There is no test to assess gastrointestinal autonomic nerve damage directly in humans; cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests are often used as a surrogate, but are suboptimal. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common
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Morbidity and mortality in orthostatic hypotension. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Maureen C Farrell,Cyndya A Shibao
This review summarizes the current literature on the epidemiology of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in the elderly and in patients with autonomic impairment also known as neurogenic OH (nOH); these two conditions have distinct pathophysiologies and affect different patient populations. The prevalence of OH in the elderly varies depending on the study population. In community dwellers, OH prevalence is
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Lower urinary tract function in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A preliminary observation. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Ryuji Sakakibara,Ayami Shimizu,Osamu Takahashi,Yosuke Aiba,Fuyuki Tateno,Yuuka Sugisaki,Hiroyoshi Suzuki,Tatsuya Yamamoto,Tomoyuki Uchiyama,Tomonori Yamanishi
Objective The urodynamics underlying lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has not been reported. Herein, we investigated LUT function in FTLD patients by performing a urodynamics analysis. Patients and methods We recruited five FTLD patients with LUT symptoms: three men, two women; mean age, 70.4 years; mean disease duration, 3.8 years; mean Hoehn-Yahr grade
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Recent advances in exercise pressor reflex function in health and disease. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Ann-Katrin Grotle,Vaughan G Macefield,William B Farquhar,Donal S O'Leary,Audrey J Stone
Autonomic alterations at the onset of exercise are critical to redistribute cardiac output towards the contracting muscles while preventing a fall in arterial pressure due to excessive vasodilation within the contracting muscles. Neural mechanisms responsible for these adjustments include central command, the exercise pressor reflex, and arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. The exercise pressor
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Circadian rhythms of blood pressure and rate pressure product in children with postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Hong Cai,Shuo Wang,Runmei Zou,Yuwen Wang,Cheng Wang
Objective To investigate circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) and rate pressure product (RPP) in children with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) by performing 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-h ABPM). Methods 103 POTS children and 84 age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled and they got 24-h ABPM under usual routine of diurnal activity and nocturnal sleep. Results
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Sex differences in cardiac vagal reactivation from the end of isometric handgrip exercise and at the onset of muscle metaboreflex isolation. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Milena Samora,André L Teixeira,Jeann L Sabino-Carvalho,Lauro C Vianna
A parasympathetic reactivation is an underlying mechanism mediating the rapid fall in heart rate (HR) at the onset of post-exercise ischemia (PEI) in humans. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to men, women present a slower HR recovery at the cessation of isometric handgrip exercise (i.e., onset of PEI) due to an attenuated cardiac vagal reactivation. Forty-seven (23 women) young and healthy
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Differential diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Lucy Y Lei,Derek S Chew,Satish R Raj
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common clinical manifestation characterized by a significant fall in blood pressure with postural change and is frequently accompanied by debilitating symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. The reported prevalence of OH ranges between 5 and 10% in middle-aged adults with a burden that increases concomitantly with age; in those over 60 years of age, the prevalence is
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Ventromedial medullary pathway mediating cardiac responses evoked from periaqueductal gray. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 G C A Moraes,M M Mendonça,A A Mourão,D Graziani,M C X Pinto,P M Ferreira,G R Pedrino,M A P Fontes,O C Oliveira-Lima,C H Xavier
Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a midbrain region that projects to areas controlling behavioral and autonomic outputs and is involved in the behavioral and physiological components of defense reactions. Since Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a medial medullary region comprising sympathetic premotor neurons governing heart function, it is worth considering the PAG-RPa path. We assessed: i) whether PAG projects
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The ectopy-triggering ganglionated plexuses in atrial fibrillation. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Min-Young Kim,Belinda Sandler,Markus B Sikkel,Christopher D Cantwell,Kevin M Leong,Vishal Luther,Louisa Malcolme-Lawes,Michael Koa-Wing,Fu Siong Ng,Norman Qureshi,Afzal Sohaib,Zachary I Whinnett,Michael Fudge,Elaine Lim,Michelle Todd,Ian Wright,Nicholas S Peters,Phang Boon Lim,Nicholas W F Linton,Prapa Kanagaratnam
Background Epicardial ganglionated plexuses (GP) have an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The relationship between anatomical, histological and functional effects of GP is not well known. We previously described atrioventricular (AV) dissociating GP (AVD-GP) locations. In this study, we hypothesised that ectopy triggering GP (ET-GP) are upstream triggers of atrial ectopy/AF
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Orexin A and B in the rat superior salivatory nucleus. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Tadasu Sato,Takehiro Yajima,Masako Fujita,Motoi Kobashi,Hiroyuki Ichikawa,Ryusuke Yoshida,Yoshihiro Mitoh
Orexin (OX), which regulates sleep and wakefulness and feeding behaviors has 2 isoforms, orexin-A and -B (OXA and OXB). In this study, the distribution of OXA and OXB was examined in the rat superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) using retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical and methods. OXA- and OXB-immunoreactive (-ir) nerve fibers were seen throughout the SSN. These nerve fibers surrounded SSN neurons
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Morphological and neurochemical characterisation of anterogradely labelled spinal sensory and autonomic nerve endings in the mouse bladder. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Harman Sharma,Melinda Kyloh,Simon J H Brookes,Marcello Costa,Nick J Spencer,Vladimir P Zagorodnyuk
The bladder is innervated by axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent nerves, and by spinal afferent neurons. The objective was to characterise anatomically and immunohistochemically the terminal endings of sensory and autonomic motor nerve endings in wholemount preparations of the mouse bladder. We used both anterograde labelling of pelvic and hypogastric nerves ex vivo and anterograde labelling
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Autonomic and cardiovascular consequences resulting from experimental hemorrhagic stroke in the left or right intermediate insular cortex in rats. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 Fernanda Ribeiro Marins,Marcelo Limborço-Filho,Bárbara Flecha D'Abreu,Pedro W Machado de Almeida,Mariana Gavioli,Carlos Henrique Xavier,Stephen M Oppenheimer,Silvia Guatimosim,Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
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Association between reduced heart rate variability components and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with a systemic right ventricle. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-26 Tjitske Zandstra,Philippine Kiès,Arie Maan,Sum-Che Man,Marianne Bootsma,Hubert Vliegen,Anastasia Egorova,Bart Mertens,Eduard Holman,Martin Schalij,Monique Jongbloed
Background Patients with a systemic right ventricle are prone to develop heart failure. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular failure. The association between HRV and supraventricular arrhythmias (SVTs), which are associated with adverse events in this population, was assessed. Methods
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Utility of salivary gland biopsy in diagnosing Sjogren's syndrome in a POTS patient population. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Selena R Pasadyn,Christine B Warren,Robert G Wilson
Purpose POTS patients undergo labial salivary gland biopsies (LSGB) for histologic confirmation of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Predictive features of positive results are unknown. Methods 161 POTS patients underwent LSGB. Their charts were reviewed for antibody and diagnostic testing results. Results Only 11% (17/161) of POTS patients were SS positive. There were more positive ANA antibodies in those
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Functional atropine sensitive purinergic responses in the healthy rat bladder. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Johanna Stenqvist,Thomas Carlsson,Michael Winder,Patrik Aronsson
While acetylcholine is regarded to be the main directly contractile transmitter substance in the urinary bladder, interactions with other transmitters likely occur. Presently, the interplay between purinergic and cholinergic signalling was investigated to unravel the involvement of the urothelium and efferent neurons in the functionally important purinergically evoked release of acetylcholine in vitro
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Attention and executive function are impaired during active standing in postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-06 Amanda J Miller,Timothy Sheehan,Kate M Bourne,Monica Feeley,Amy C Arnold
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic form of orthostatic intolerance associated with cognitive dysfunction. We hypothesized executive function and attention is impaired in POTS during active standing. Eighty-seven POTS participants and 39 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education level completed executive function (Stroop word-color) and attention (CogState Identification) tests
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Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in the heart failure patient. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-06 Debra D Dixon,James A S Muldowney
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is a common comorbidity in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. It is associated with an increased risk of falls, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. There are over 5 million individuals in the U.S. with heart failure (HF) with an associated 50% mortality rate at 5 years. The prevalence of nOH and HF increase with age and, as the population
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Psychological correlates of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-06-06 Carolyn J Fisher,Irene Katzan,Leslie J Heinberg,Andrew T Schuster,Nicolas R Thompson,Robert Wilson
Psychological symptoms are frequently reported in patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS); however, the nature of these symptoms is not well understood. The current study described baseline psychological symptoms in patients with POTS, and examined associations between psychological and self-report autonomic symptoms. Participants reported mild anxiety symptoms, moderate depressive
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State-dependent modulation of sympathetic firing by α1-adrenoceptors requires constitutive PKC activity in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-05-23 Chun-Kuei Su
The central adrenergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems diffusively affect the operation of the spinal neural network and dynamically gauge central sympathetic outflow. Using in vitro splanchnic nerve–thoracic spinal cord preparations as an experimental model, this study examined the intraspinal α1-adrenoceptor-meidated modulation of sympathetic firing behaviors. Several sympathetic single-fiber
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In vivo paracrine effects of ATP-induced urothelial acetylcholine in the rat urinary bladder. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-05-23 Johanna Stenqvist,Patrik Aronsson,Thomas Carlsson,Michael Winder,Gunnar Tobin
Mechanical stretch of the urothelium induces the release of ATP that activates bladder afferent nerves. In the rat urinary bladder, ATP is also a contractile co-transmitter in the parasympathetic innervation. In isolated preparations, ATP evokes a urothelial release of acetylcholine that substantially contributes to ATP-evoked contractile responses. Currently we aimed to further examine the interactions
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Effect of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on isolated jejunum: A very useful tool to study the interaction between neurons in the enteric nervous system. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Gisele S G Louza,Lúcia Lameirão Garcez do Carmo,Isaltino Marcelo Conceição
Scorpion envenomation is a public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus is the biggest cause of accidents with venomous animals. Tityus serrulatus venom causes symptoms related to a great activation of the autonomic system attributed to a massive release of sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators. This effect is attributed to the presence of toxins acting
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Human adult cardiac autonomic innervation: Controversies in anatomical knowledge and relevance for cardiac neuromodulation. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 J Wink,R van Delft,R G E Notenboom,P F Wouters,M C DeRuiter,J W M Plevier,M R M Jongbloed
Background Cardiac sympathetic blockade is a therapeutic approach for arrhythmias and heart failure and may be a beneficial effect of high thoracic epidural anesthesia. These treatments require detailed knowledge of the spatial location and distribution of cardiac autonomic nerves, however, there are controversies on this subject in humans. Objective To provide a systematic overview of current knowledge
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Quercetin increases bioavailability of nitric oxide in the jejunum of euglycemic and diabetic rats and induces neuronal plasticity in the myenteric plexus. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins-Perles,Gleison Daion Piovezana Bossolani,Isabela Zignani,Sara Raquel Garcia de Souza,Flávia Cristina Vieira Frez,Carina Guimarães de Souza Melo,Emerson Barili,Fernando Pinheiro de Souza Neto,Flávia Alessandra Guarnier,Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini Armani,Rubens Cecchini,Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni
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Selective abolition of Mayer waves in conscious endotoxemic rats. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-04-25 Claude Julien,Bruno Chapuis,Christian Barrès
The relation between vascular sympathetic tone and the amplitude of arterial pressure (AP) Mayer waves was examined by analyzing 60-min recordings of AP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) obtained in conscious rats before and after lipopolysaccharide administration, which results in strong sympathoexcitation. Mayer waves completely disappeared together with accompanying oscillations of RSNA
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Transecting the hypogastric nerve to uncover the bladder-inhibitory pathways involved with saphenous nerve stimulation in anesthetized rats. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-04-19 Karly S Franz,Paul B Yoo
Saphenous (SAFN) nerve stimulation was recently shown in anesthetized rats to elicit bladder-inhibitory responses in a frequency-dependent manner; however, the mechanism of action is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential role of the hypogastric nerve (HGN) in this inhibitory pathway by examining stimulation-evoked changes in bladder function under four different experimental
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Intracerebroventricularly injected nesfatin-1 activates central cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 Gokcen Guvenc-Bayram,Burcin Altinbas,Awais Iqbal,Ece Cerci,Duygu Udum,Mustafa Sertac Yilmaz,Hatice Erdost,Ebru Yalcin-Ulger,Tuncay Ilhan,Figen Ersoy,Elif Uz,Murat Yalcin
Nesfatin-1 is a multifunctional neuropeptide having crucial autonomic roles. It is well known that nesfatin-1 collaborates with other central neuromodulatory systems, such as central corticotropin-releasing hormone, melanocortin, oxytocin, and cholinergic systems to show its autonomic effects. Central arachidonic acid cascade plays an important role to provide the homeostasis by exhibiting similar
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Renal iodine123-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy relates to muscle sympathetic nervous activity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Yoshitaka Okabe,Hisayoshi Murai,Hideki Tokuhisa,Takuto Hamaoka,Yusuke Mukai,Hiroyuki Sugimoto,Shin-Ichiro Takashima,Takeshi Kato,Shinro Matsuo,Soichiro Usui,Hiroshi Furusho,Masayuki Takamura,Shuichi Kaneko
BACKGROUND Renal denervation is effective for modulating augmented sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We have demonstrated that renal iodine123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy is associated with muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in patients with hypertension. However, it is unclear whether renal 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is
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Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 Andressa S O Schein,Ana P S Corrêa,Aline C P Macedo,Daniela R Dartora,Anderson Donelli da Silveira,Mateus Dornelles Severo,Karina R Casali,Beatriz D Schaan
Inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) can be an alternative to conventional exercise. We aimed to evaluate the effect of IME on glucose, glucose variability, and autonomic cardiovascular control in type 2 diabetes. Fourteen diabetic subjects were randomly assigned to IME with 2% maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) or 60% PImax wearing a continuous glucose monitoring system for three days. Glucose variability
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Treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Christopher H Gibbons
BACKGROUND Treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes (TIND) is an iatrogenic painful sensory and autonomic neuropathy. Although the prevalence is not known, it is seen in up to 10% of tertiary cases referred for evaluation of diabetic neuropathy. EVIDENCE TIND is associated with a decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin A1C in individuals with longstanding hyperglycemia. TIND is more common in individuals
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Cardiovagal baroreflex gain relates to sensory loss after spinal cord injury. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Adina E Draghici,J Andrew Taylor
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to autonomic nervous system damage, resulting in loss of sympathetic control to the vasculature and the heart proportional to injury level. Given maintained cardiac parasympathetic control, we hypothesized that SCI demonstrates a compensatory, higher baroreflex gain compared to able-bodied that relates to injury level (neurological and/or sensory). We compared baroreflex
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Involuntary emotional expression disorder in postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton. Neurosci. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 Ramesh K Khurana
OBJECTIVE To study the frequency of latent and overt involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED) in postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS). METHODS We compared 51 PoTS patients with 15 neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) patients and 12 control subjects using the Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS) for latent IEED and the PHQ-9 questionnaire for depression screening before head-up