To develop personalized interventions and improve outcomes in substance-using populations, research is needed on the heterogeneity in substance use patterns and motivations that exists among adult substance users. This study took a person-centered approach to identify profiles of lifetime substance use and discern the psychosocial differences among them. To survey a spectrum of drug use severity, 1106

Valid and reliable measures of craving are essential for both clinical practice and research. Brief measures are particularly valuable for clinical and research settings in which assessment burden needs to be minimized. The Craving Scale is a 3-item measure of craving that has been previously validated in cocaine-dependent samples. This brief measure has also demonstrated predictive validity in both

Sexual minority women (SMW; individuals who identify as women and as lesbian, bisexual, or with another sexual minority identity) are at increased risk for problematic alcohol use compared to their heterosexual counterparts. This increased risk has been attributed to minority stress. However, longitudinal research examining associations between minority stress and alcohol use outcomes is extremely

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have high rates of “comorbidity”. Research on concurrent substance use (disorder) in ASD, however, is scarce and findings have been inconsistent. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of risk drinking in adolescent and young adult twins with and without autism spectrum problems. Data from a Swedish longitudinal nationwide twin study were analyzed

Assessment and personalised feedback are important components of brief interventions (BIs) for cannabis use. A key outcome is to increase motivation to change during this short interaction. The diversity of available assessments and time burden scoring them pose a challenge for routine use in clinical practice. An instant assessment and feedback (iAx) system was developed to administer assessments

Background and aims The commission of illegal acts has been associated with gambling disorder (GD). However, little is known about young adults with GD who commit GD-related crimes. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to compare sociodemographic, clinical, personality and psychopathological features among young adults with GD with and without a history of illegal behaviors. Our second aim was

Introduction Behavioral activation (BA) has gained interest when combined with tobacco interventions as it relates to improved depression and cessation rates. However, no prior efforts have examined mediators of BA effectiveness and sex-dependent effects. This secondary analysis assesses the main and interactive effects of sex and type of smoking cessation intervention [a cognitive behavioral treatment

Background Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug among adolescents in developed countries, including Finland. The aim of this study was to estimate 1) how cannabis experimentation among Finnish adolescents changed between 2003 and 2019, and 2) whether the associations between cannabis experiments and factors related to it, especially the use of tobacco and nicotine products, changed during the

Introduction  Light smoking (smoking ≤10 cigarettes per day or on some days) has become increasingly prevalent in the US and increases morbidity and mortality. Many light smokers do not experience significant nicotine withdrawal but instead smoke in response to cues. Minimal evidence exists supporting interventions to help light smokers quit smoking. Methods  We present results from a proof-of-concept

Introduction Financial strain is associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking, but less is known about its association with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use. This study examined longitudinal associations of financial strain with ENDS use behaviors among young adults. Methods We analyzed in 2020 four waves (2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health

Background Negative mood often triggers binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN). We investigated motivational salience as a possible underlying mechanism using event-related potentials (ERPs) as indicators of motivated attention allocation (P300) and sustained processing (LPP). Methods We collected ERPs (P300: 350-400 ms; LPP: 600-1000 ms) from 21 women with full-syndrome or partially remitted BN and

Substance use disorder develops from complex interactions between socio-environmental and neurobiological factors. A neurocognitive model of addiction, the triadic model, proposes that Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the result of an imbalance between the reflective and the impulsive subcomponents along with a disruption of the regulatory subcomponent. Physical activity is considered as an emerging treatment

Background Racial discrimination has consistently been linked to elevated alcohol use and smoking in Black adults, but the independent contributions of everyday and major experiences of discrimination have rarely been investigated. The present study aimed to identify variation in magnitude of the links between each type of racial discrimination with current frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking

Introduction Mindfulness training (MT) has shown preliminary efficacy as a behavioral treatment for smoking cessation. We examined the effect of a brief-MT intervention on smoking cessation for Chinese women in workplaces in Hong Kong, China. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 213 daily smokers were recruited from workplaces and computer-randomized into the intervention (n = 114) or

Background One of the key symptoms of Internet gaming disorder is the impulsive pursuit of Internet games, which causes individuals with this disorder to have a tendency to approach gaming cues. Dual processing theory states that this approach bias is caused by the suppression of reflective processing and the hyperactivity of impulsive processing. Therefore, reverse modification training for approach

Objective Cross-sectional research shows that coping-motivated marijuana use is associated with marijuana use and problems. However, limited research has examined how coping-motivated use might longitudinally relate to these outcomes. We examined the temporal relationship of coping-motivated marijuana use with severity of use and marijuana-related problems. Method Participants were 226 emerging adults

Using social networks to inform prevention efforts is promising but has not been applied to vaping. To address this gap, we pilot tested the peer-led Above the Influence of Vaping (ATI-V) and examined diffusion through 8th grade networks in three schools. Fifty students, nominated and trained as Peer Leaders, implemented prevention campaigns informed by communication science, including gain-loss messaging

Introduction Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for mortality for persons with serious mental illness (SMI), who have a life expectancy 15-20 years shorter than the general population. Individuals with SMI and comorbid diabetes who are smokers face an even higher risk of cardiovascular complications and early death. Yet despite high rates of smoking among people with SMI, tobacco cessation

Background and Aims Gambling Disorder (GD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are frequently comorbid and often associated with a more severe clinical profile compared to those with either diagnosis alone. Despite recent growing interest in this comorbidity, there has been little effort to synthesize this domain of research and define areas of need for future research. Design The present work

Research on emerging adults shows this population exhibits the highest rates of alcohol use and engages in the riskiest of behaviors (Boyer, 2006; Fromme, Corbin, & Kruse, 2008). Among experimental paradigms, prior reviews have established an increase in behavioral risk taking while under the influence of alcohol (Moskowitz & Robinson, 1988; Martin et al., 2013; Weafer & Fillmore, 2016). Previous research

The purpose of the present study was to examine interaction effects between alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and a variety of risk and protective factors for experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences using data from a large, multi-site sample of college students. We recruited 5,090 college students (71.2% female; 77.4% White; Mean Age = 20.89, SD = 4.44) who reported any alcohol

Introduction Young people are now seeking help to quit vaping. However, little is known about vaping cessation. To bridge the gap between the current state of research and the urgent need for interventions, practitioners have drawn upon smoking cessation models under the assumption that vaping and smoking are fairly similar. In this study, we sought to understand the nature and extent to which vaping

Introduction Smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While most smokers endorse a desire to quit, achieving abstinence is notoriously difficult. Network analysis is a method for understanding the complex relationships of factors that maintain smoking behavior and impact motivation to quit. Methods This study examined self-report prescreen data from treatment-seeking

Opioid use disorders are chronic and relapse is common. Both negative affect and craving have been suggested antecedents of relapse and have been shown to demonstrate within- and between-person variability, as well as association with each other. The present study extends previous research by examining the covariation of negative affect and craving both within-day and at the person-level during 12 days

Introduction Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing worldwide, raising concerns about its impact on youth development. Remote acculturation may influence the e-cigarette use cognitions of youth in Mexico by influencing their media use, thereby contributing to their e-cigarette use susceptibility. This study examined whether remote acculturation was associated with youth internet

Impaired cognitive control has been implicated in cocaine use disorder (CUD). GABAergic treatments have been proposed for CUD. Here we examined relationships between GABAergic genes and neural correlates of cognitive control in CUD. We analyzed two independent African American cohorts: one of >3,000 genomewide-genotyped subjects with substance dependence and another of 40 CUD and 22 healthy control

Objectives In 2016, the US Surgeon General issued a Call to Action to address adolescent e-cigarette use and school-based prevention interventions are an effective component of comprehensive tobacco control. This study describes the development and dissemination of CATCH My Breath, an e-cigarette prevention program for middle and high school students. Methods Starting in 2014, a university and nonprofit

With the increasing use of social media, the addictive use of this new technology also grows. Previous studies found that addictive social media use is associated with negative consequences such as reduced productivity, unhealthy social relationships, and reduced life-satisfaction. However, a holistic theoretical understanding of how social media addiction develops is still lacking, which impedes practical

Introduction Mobile phone-based tobacco cessation (mCessation) interventions are effective in high-income countries but their effectiveness in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unclear. We aimed to assess the evidence-base for mCessation interventions in LMICs by synthesizing study characteristics and to describe intervention characteristics and content. Methods Studies were included in this

Alexithymia is related to a higher severity of substance use disorders (SUD); however, few longitudinal studies have been performed on how alexithymia impacts treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate alexithymia as a factor that could influence retention and the time of the first relapse in a one-year follow-up in an outpatient treatment center for SUD. In total, 126 SUD outpatients (74.60%

For people with current and remitted substance use disorder (SUD), the COVID-19 pandemic increases risk for symptom exacerbation and relapse through added stressors and reduced service access. In response, mutual-help groups and recovery community organizations have increased access to online recovery support meetings. However, rigorous studies examining online recovery support meeting participation

Introduction E-cigarettes are now the most common form of tobacco use among adolescents, and use is associated with increased risk of initiation of cigarette smoking. This project used a community-engaged research process to develop and pilot a risk communication campaign to prevent youth vaping. Method The research team worked with a 36-member Teen Advisory Council and a 19-member Expert Panel. Together

Because there are few proven smoking cessation approaches for young adults, it is critical to consider the potential of e-cigarettes as an option. Evidence from 2012 to 2013 in the United States (U.S.) suggested that current e-cigarette use was associated with a higher probability of daily smoking and a lower probability of quitting among young adults. This study examines the associations between e-cigarette

Introduction Substance use among American Indian (AI) adolescents is a significant public health concern, as they report greater health disparities related to substance use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The present study examines differences across classes of substance use behaviors regarding alcohol- and drug-related consequences. Methods The current study was a secondary analysis of the

Background and aims: It has been suggested that compulsivity has an essential role in gambling disorder (GD), yet there is a lack of literature exploring the link between GD, compulsivity and gender. Our main aim was to explore gender differences between two of the neurocognitive domains of compulsivity (attentional set-shifting and attentional bias and disengagement) in patients with GD and compare

Opioid misuse has emerged in recent years as a major public health concern in the United States, particularly for adolescents and emerging young adults. We examined the association of opioid misuse from ages 18 to 20 with four domains at age 21-22: risk behaviors and consequences; health; social functioning; and emerging adult roles. Participants were surveyed annually from 2008 through 2019. The sample

Despite a growing body of research examining correlates and consequences of COVID-19, few findings have been published among military veterans. This limitation is particularly concerning as preliminary data indicate that veterans may experience a higher rate of mortality compared to their civilian counterparts. One factor that may contribute to increased rates of death among veterans with COVID-19

Some video-gaming activities feature customizable avatars that enable users to fulfil self-identity needs. Research evidence (e.g., fMRI and survey studies) has suggested that poorer self-concept and stronger avatar identification are associated with problematic gaming. Player-avatar relationships have thus been proposed to require attention in gaming disorder assessment and interventions. To examine

Introduction Disruptions in neural measures of reward responsiveness are implicated in risk for and the development of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in general, but it is not clear if this is also true for Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). To date, no studies have examined neural reward responsiveness in cannabis users using EEG. Methods Cannabis users (CU; n = 67) and non-users (n = 60) were drawn from

Background Understanding adolescent drug use mechanisms is critical for drug use prevention. Although some theories such as the gateway theory suggest that drug users gradually transition into using more addictive drugs, there is no consensus about such a hypothesis. One important factor that hinders the advancement of knowledge in this area is the scarcity of longitudinal studies examining the type

Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) often experience anhedonia and demoralization, yet there is relatively little research on the pathophysiology of anhedonia and demoralization in OUD treatment and recovery. In the current study, persons maintained on methadone (N = 29) underwent a natural reward-cue paradigm during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. Natural reward cues included

Introduction Opioid/heroin use is an epidemic in the United States (US). Polysubstance use dramatically increases risk of adverse overdose outcomes, versus use of a single substance. Co-use of heroin and cocaine, known as “speedballing,” is associated with higher risk of overdose than use of either alone. It is not known whether co-use relative to use of either alone has increased in the US in recent

The multitude of gambling activities has given rise to heterogeneous ways of analyzing these behaviors and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study used complementary analyses to investigate the structure, typology and etiology of gambling behaviors in a discovery sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage = 24.90) and a replication sample of 619 siblings

Introduction Accumulating evidence demonstrates a strong link between alcohol consumption and smoking status among Latinx individuals. However, there is a need to evaluate the cognitive processes and experiences related to quitting smoking among Latinx smokers. The purpose of the current paper was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and smoking expectancies, barriers to cessation

Introduction Adding screening for health-related social needs to tobacco treatment interventions initiated during hospitalizations may improve intervention effectiveness among vulnerable populations. Our objective was to examine the effect the acceptability and feasibility of a intervention in which a patient navigator screens for and addresses social needs to increase receipt of smoking cessation

The UK is rare in allowing a number of gambling forms to be used legally by children under the age of 18. Some previous research indicates that adult problem gamblers are more likely to recollect using these products as children. However, no research has as yet assessed recollected levels of use irrespective of adult gambling status, or investigated these issues in other countries. This is relevant

Objective The growing prevalence of tobacco use in low “to middle” income countries (LMICs) and the hurdles of conducting tobacco cessation in that context necessitates a focus on the scope of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in LMICs to guide tobacco cessation in this environment. We conducted a scoping review to identify LMIC tobacco cessation RCTs. Methods Consistent with PRISMA-ScR guidelines

Based on the assumptions of emotion regulation theory, this study tests whether drinking to cope mediates the association between work-family conflict (WFC) and alcohol use; an important link missing in previous studies. Based on a sample of 144 fathers and 165 mothers of pre-schoolers in Switzerland, Poisson regression mediation models were estimated. Models were adjusted for other drinking motives

Background Gender bias in measures of cannabis problems may differentially affect how men and women endorse items. This gender invariance might mask, exaggerate, or otherwise obscure true distinctions in experiences of cannabis consequences. Methods The Cannabis-Associated Problems Questionnaire (CAPQ), a measure of interpersonal deficits, occupational impairment, psychological issues, and physical

Increased anxiety sensitivity (AS), or the fear of anxiety-related cognitive, social, and physical symptoms which are misinterpreted as having harmful implications, has shown a relationship with substance use disorders. People with substance use disorders also experience addiction-related problems across domains of life functioning. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between elevated

Introduction Despite intense neuroscience research on the neurobiological underpinnings of Gambling Disorder (GD) and gambling-related decision-making, effective treatments targeting these dysfunctions are still lacking. Non Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), selectively modulate activity

Adolescence and emerging adulthood are developmental periods associated with increased risk taking, including alcohol and substance use and antisocial behaviors. Typical psychological growth from adolescence into early adulthood reflects increases in traits related to psychological regulation (e.g., greater emotional stability and less impulsivity), which are typically considered protective factors

Objective Substance use disorders (SUD) are frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions, but a comprehensive diagnostic assessment is often not feasible clinically. Efficient psychometrically-validated screening tools exist for commonly comorbid conditions, but cutoff accuracies have typically not been evaluated in addiction treatment settings. This study examined the performance of several

Background Research has suggested that smokers who quit smoking and continue to identify themselves as a smoker versus a non-smoker are at greater risk of relapse. This study examines the relationship between post-quit smoker identities and relapse risk of former smokers in Australia and the UK comparing those who still identified as a smoker with firm choice to no longer smoke versus those not expressing

Introduction Adolescents are using e-cigarettes at high rates and there is limited information on how to help them quit. We aimed to inform e-cigarette cessation interventions by understanding why adolescents use and dislike e-cigarettes and their quit experiences. Methods Six focus groups with current users (i.e., past-month use) and 2 focus groups with past users (i.e., no past-month use) were conducted

Background Few studies have assessed the association between e-cigarette use and sleep deprivation. This is an important question given the rapid increase in e-cigarette use among young adults in recent years. Purpose To determine whether e-cigarette use is associated with sleep deprivation in a sample of young (18-24 years-old) American adults. Methods We used pooled cross-sectional data from the

Anxiety in social interactions is an important factor in cigarette use and nicotine dependence. Metacognitions about smoking have been found to predict smoking behavior and may help understand the relationship between anxiety in social interactions and nicotine dependence. In the current study, we evaluated the direct effect of anxiety in social interactions on nicotine dependence and its indirect

Regular cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have become increasingly prevalent in the United States over the past two decades. Theory and empirical data suggest that the incentive salience of cannabis cues is important to the development and chronicity of CUD. Cannabis cue incentive salience is often assessed with a cannabis cue reactivity paradigm wherein cannabis-related and neutral images

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) symptoms are associated with increased depression symptom severity across studies. The current study aimed to examine the fear of missing out (FoMO) as a possible mediator in this relationship. We employed a three-wave longitudinal design among 341 Chinese university students. Results indicated that depression severity was significantly