Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects overweight women in the middle age period. The pathophysiology of IIH stays unclear, but suggested mechanisms include excess CSF production, reduced CSF absorption, increased brain water content, and increased cerebral venous pressure To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamic changes in aqueduct of Sylvius in patients of idiopathic

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for the treatment of acute stroke has been under the radar for a long time. Previous studies have not been able to prove efficacy. Several factors might have contributed to such inconsistent results. The timing of delivering the hyperbaric oxygen in relation to the stage of stroke evolution may be an important factor. This was not taken into account in the previous

Post-stroke aphasia (PSA) is an impairment of the generation or comprehension of language due to acute cerebrovascular lesions. Subacute phase span the 7th day to 24 weeks post-onset while > 6 months is termed chronic phase. Language recovery does not arise immediately in chronic PSA, unlike the acute phase. The majority of the treatment modalities in these two PSA phases are still in the infancy stage

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized with symmetric synovitis and occasional extra articular involvement; also, some neurologic disorders can be observed during the disease course. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one of them and it is an autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction. It is caused by autoantibodies against neuromuscular junction proteins: the nicotinic acetylcholine

Morphological variations (MV) in the course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are commonly identified. Their prevalence and relationship with ischemic stroke (IS) remain unclear. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence and pattern of MV of ICA among Egyptian patients and to detect whether these MV associated with increased risk of IS or not. Out of the recruited 550 acute ischemic

Raising the general population knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for optimizing care and ultimately enhancing the quality of life of people diagnosed and their caregivers. To assess knowledge among the general population in Makkah Region about symptoms, diagnosis, causes, course, life impact, care giving, and management of Alzheimer disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) accounts for approximately 90% of peripheral entrapment neuropathy cases. Treatments of CTS as splinting, corticosteroid injection, and surgery are not 100% effective, and alternative treatments are worth exploring. Surgery indicated in patients with persistent numbness, pain, and motor dysfunction. Empirical evidence indicates that many patients with CTS respond to anti-inflammatory

Beside common risk factors for stroke such as diabetes and hypertension, single-nucleotide variants occurring within micro RNA genes have been identified as susceptibility loci for ischemic stroke risk. Investigate the possible association of two variants in pre miRNA sequences, rs11614913 within miR-196a2 C > T and rs2292832 within miR-149 T > C, with ischemic stroke. One hundred ischemic stroke patients

Migraine is a prevalent, chronic, and multifactorial neurovascular disease. Our work aimed to investigate if the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness are affected in patients with chronic migraine to improve the understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine. A case-control study conducted on 30 patients with chronic migraine and 30 aged and sex-matched

Migraine in children and adolescents is very common and can be associated with equivalents, psychiatric disorders, or abnormal electroencephalogram findings. Neurogenic inflammation is involved in migraine pathogenesis where pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum bilirubin can be considered as an antioxidant and cytoprotective agent and that

Isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy is an infrequent condition that usually appears in connection to an underlying disease. Rarely, the cause cannot be determined, and there is no symptom remission. We report two cases of male patients who developed persistent idiopathic isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy. The younger patient complained of involuntary movements of the tongue, while

Somatic cough syndrome is a somatization disorder that usually presents in children and which is often diagnosed late after an extensive search for organic causes. The condition was redefined by the DSM-5 criteria and grouped with the other conditions under the umbrella of somatoform disorders. Nonetheless, clinical presentation is heterogeneous, and etiology is still not clearly defined. Several management

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease. A suitable biomarker for epilepsy diagnosis remains lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were pronounced as promising biomarkers for epileptogenesis. To analyze the expression levels of miR 194-5p, miR 106b, and miR 146a in Egyptian epileptic patients compared to control subjects and to detect their correlation to clinical characteristics. We evaluated the expression

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem and represents commonest form of dementia that affects many aspects of brain functions and contributes to 60–70% of dementia cases. No study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia to measure the prevalence of AD. However, approximately there are at least 50,000 patients in Saudi Arabia based on an expert’s estimation. Public knowledge and awareness

Telemedicine remains an important tool of healthcare services delivery especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its advantages include saving the time and money of the patients and the prevention of infection among healthcare providers. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine visits in providing postoperative care of neurosurgical patients. We conducted

Epilepsy is among the most common disabling neurological disorders among children. Altered serum levels of zinc and copper may facilitate seizure occurrence and repetition, and antiepileptic drugs may disturb their serum levels affecting disease control and outcome. To investigate the association between serum levels of zinc and copper and epilepsy and antiepileptic treatment in a group of Egyptian

Migraine, tension type headache (TTH), and hypothyroidism are clinical problems that affect patient daily activities and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association between hypothyroidism in patients with migraine and TTH. Two hundred and twelve patients with migraine and TTH and one hundred control subjects underwent clinical evaluation, assessment of thyroid

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) of females more than males. The objective of the current study was to assess serum level of prolactin (PRL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to explore their role in disease activity. Fifty females were included in this

Headache with a neurological deficit and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is usually under-recognized and under-reported. HaNDL is a self-limiting condition, but the grave symptoms require a large-scale differential diagnosis. We report a case of a 24-year-old female who developed dysarthria for several hours and decreased use of the right arm with right-sided facial weakness. After

Peripheral vestibular disorders are common disorders among population with increased prevalence with age advancement, manifested by balance disorders and postural instability that negatively affect daily activities and social participation. To investigate the effect of transmastoidal galvanic stimulation added to a designed vestibular rehabilitation program on recovery outcomes in Egyptian patients

Cerebral ischemia initiates an oxidative stress response in the brain which is a composite process that involves many oxidative stress biomarkers. High levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke had been found. The evaluation of oxidative stress in the acute stage may contribute to improve the post ischemic stroke outcome. The aim of the current study to assess MDA level

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a well-established nonmotor manifestations (NMM) of Parkinson disease (PD) which needs objective assessment for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The aim of this work was quantitative and qualitative assessment of olfactory performance in newly diagnosed PD patients. This study was performed on 32 recently diagnosed PD patients and 24 healthy controls subjects

The study was done to investigate the role of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in characterization of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and incidence of CMBs in acute ischemic stroke obese patients. We recruited 120 acute ischemic stroke obese patients. All participants or their relatives gave written informed consent. MRI of the brain with SWI sequences was done for all patients. SWI showed 30% of

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is one of the chronic causes of elevated intracranial pressure with no evident cause in neuroimaging and normal CSF analysis. It primarily affects overweight women of childbearing age. To describe the clinical picture of IIH, neuroimaging and response to treatment after 3 months follow up in a sample of Egyptian patients. This was a prospective study carried

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of neurological disabilities in adults and commonly affects the visual pathway. The objective of this study is to assess and compare the sensitivity of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as measures of early disability in ambulatory patients with MS. Forty-four patients with MS with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis could be challenging in some cases and a thorough workup should be done to rule out ALS mimics. Thus, diagnosis should be made by an experienced neurologist and should be regularly reviewed. Review challenging cases from the ALS clinic that were misdiagnosed as ALS. This is a descriptive study. We registered data of all patients coming for evaluation in

Hypertension is the commonest cause of acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which is life-threatening with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognosis and blood pressure monitoring and control in patients presented by acute spontaneous ICH. One hundred and fifty patients presented by acute spontaneous ICH were classified according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)

Essential tremor (ET) is now considered as a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a variety of motor and non-motor manifestations. The objectives of this work were to study the existence of cognitive, mood, olfactory, and balance dysfunctions in ET patients and their relation to tremor severity as well as patients’ activity of daily livings. This study was performed on 36 ET patients

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has worse functional outcomes and quality of life. Despite the extensive literature on this topic, there is no agreement on the frequency or risk factors for post-stroke depression. To establish the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke depression and its impact on quality of life. One hundred three stroke patients were recruited from the out-patient clinic of Qena

Cerebrovascular manifestations are uncommon presentations of scorpion sting in the Indian subcontinent. Encephalopathy, cerebral edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, non-hemorrhagic strokes, and cortical necrosis are a few CNS complications described in the medical literature due to scorpion envenomation. We report a rare case of scorpion envenomation in a 40-year old, non-hypertensive farmer, who presented

Limbic encephalitis is a subacute progressive disorder characterized by disturbances in memory and behavior along with seizures. Antibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) are associated with a subtype of encephalitis which along with the abovementioned symptoms is also characterized by severe pain and autonomic dysfunction. The classical radiological presentation of LGI1 encephalitis

Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein-1 (LGI-1) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease with a varied neuropsychiatric clinical manifestation and have potential for reversal with immunotherapy. Early identification and treatment are therefore of paramount importance. We present the case of a 43-year-old man admitted for acute psychosis with facio-brachial dystonic seizures not responding to

The administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has increased the focus on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) as an emergency condition. The emergency physicians have to rapidly recognize the patients who are candidates for rt-PA and refer them to the specialized stroke team within the proper time window. The knowledge of the emergency physicians about the benefit and the drawbacks

Cinnarizine (CNZ) and flunarizine (FNZ) belong to the calcium channel blockers class of medication. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the clinical epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of CNZ/FNZ-associated movement disorder (MD). Relevant reports in six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers without language restriction. One hundred and seventeen

Anorexia nervosa, with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric diseases, is characterized by low body mass index, fear of weight gain, and disturbed body image. Even though multiple drugs have been proposed for the treatment of anorexia nervosa, current treatment modalities include nutritional support and psychotherapy. In this study, our aim is to analyze the efficiency and possible adverse effects

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common upper limb entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve as it traverses the wrist at the carpal tunnel. To compare the effect of single dose of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injected locally with that of corticosteroid in patients with CTS. A total of 60 patients with very mild to moderate unilateral CTS were recruited to the study. PRP

Understanding ischemic stroke pathogenesis helps in prevention, prognosis, and treatment. Stroke is greatly related to inflammation and thrombo-genesis as inflammatory cells (as neutrophils-lymphocytes) and thrombo-genic agents as von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF: Ag) and epicardial fat. Evaluation of epicardial fat thickness (EFT), neutrophil/lymphocytic ratio (NLR), and (VWF: Ag) levels as predisposing

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by gradual disturbance of both upper and lower motor neurons (LMN). In ALS, muscle wasting favors the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI), with relative preservation of abductor digiti minimi (ADM). To interpret F wave changes in the context of upper and LMN dysfunction and the differences in dysfunction between spinal

Nationally, information regarding risk factors for early and late recurrence of ischemic stroke is limited. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for early and late recurrent ischemic stroke. We prospectively compared data from 58 patients with early (within 1 year after the index stroke) recurrent ischemic stroke with 64 patients with late (1 year or more after the index stroke) recurrent

Papillary tumor of the pineal region is an unusual, recently described entity with potential for misinterpretation as either an ependymoma or choroid plexus papilloma. With few reported cases, there is little data regarding the biologic behavior, natural course and optimal treatment for these patients. Further accumulation of reports will assist with defining this entity and may provide further insight

Though parenchymal neurocysticercosis is common and a major contributor to burden of seizures in most parts of the world, intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC) comprises 10–20% of cases and poses a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. We report an adult female presenting with intermittent occipital headache, used to be worse in lying down position, and aggravated with head movements, and there

Microvascular decompression of facial nerve provides definitive and long-term cure for hemifacial spasm. We review our experience of treating hemifacial spasm by microvascular decompression. To evaluate the results of microvascular decompression of facial nerve for hemifacial spasm and to discuss the critical steps during surgery necessary to achieve a good result. Twenty-one cases of hemifacial spasm

Stroke can affect any portion of the central nervous system leading to a wide variety of symptoms depending on the part that is involved. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an emerging neuroimaging technique that allows measuring the integrity of white matter tracts. The objective of this study is to find out if the diffusion tensor tractography technique can provide prognostic information regarding

Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke. Patients with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke and severe stenosis (70 to 99% of the diameter of a major intracranial artery) are at particularly high risk for recurrent stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery (approximately

Recovery of upper extremity (UE) motor function after stroke is variable from one to another due to heterogeneity of stroke pathology. Structural and biochemical magnetic resonance imaging of the primary motor cortex (M1) have been used to document reorganization of neural activity after stroke. To assess cortical biochemical and structural causes of delayed recovery of UE motor function impairment

Cognitive impairment is a common finding epileptic children. Studies have linked nocturnal epileptic discharges to delayed cognitive abilities in children. The study aims to evaluate the effect of nocturnal epileptic seizures on cognitive functions in children with idiopathic epilepsy. The study was conducted on 70 children with idiopathic generalized or benign focal epilepsy. Based on seizures semiology

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome worldwide. The current work aimed at determining the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on different severities of carpal tunnel syndrome. Sixty patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome were participated in this study. They were divided into three equal groups according to severity (mild, moderate

Urinary dysfunction is a common symptom during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Long-term follow-up of the natural history of bladder dysfunction in MS has been seldom addressed. To identify the type and the course of voiding dysfunction in MS patients in relation to the urodynamic changes of the lower urinary tract (LUT) An observational prospective study including 120 MS patients with urinary

Autoimmune encephalitis presents with subacute neurological, psychiatric, and behavioral symptoms. In many cases, MRI and CSF studies return normal. Laboratory testing for pathogenic neuronal antibodies is limited by accessibility and sensitivity issues. Finally, the different diagnostic approaches lack consensus and have until recently been largely retrospective. Collectively, these factors predispose

Vitamin D is suggested to play an important role in neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the association between serum 25 vitamin D3 and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Fifty patients suffering from PD and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Patients were subjected to complete clinical assessment, and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was done to

Migraine, although, is a prevalent disease; its pathogenesis is complex and still not fully elucidated. The effect of vitamin D on various neurological disorders is thought to be exerted either directly via its specific receptors or through the related minerals. We investigated the possible relationship between vitamin D level and its related minerals (calcium and magnesium) and migraine characteristics

The novel coronavirus which emerged in Wuhan province of China has taken world by surprise. Since been diagnosed in December 2019, it has been termed a “Pandemic” and there is a growing concern in physicians across the globe. As new evidence is emerging, there are various preventative strategies which are being deployed. Multiple sclerosis patients who are on disease modifying therapies (DMTs) might

To evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) compared to clinical scores and nerve conduction studies (NCS). We included 30 patients with diabetes mellitus complaining of neuropathy symptoms and 15 healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent evaluation using 1.5-T DTI of median nerves and NCS. Patients underwent clinical evaluation

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in developing countries. The burden of stroke has varied widely in different areas, and there is a paucity of information about stroke in the selected study area. To assess the burden, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia A hospital-based retrospective observational study was conducted

The annual incidence of Bell’s palsy (BP) is 15 to 20 per 100,000 with 40,000 new cases each year, and the lifetime risk is 1 in 60. For decades, clinicians have searched the prognostic tests of sufficient accuracy for acute facial paralysis. The present study was designed to verify in BP which clinical or electrophysiological parameters could be considered as predictive of the degree of recovery of

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging modality using multi-section single-shot spin echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence which is extremely sensitive for detection of water motion within intra, extra, and transcellular regions. This character is important to differentiate between brain tumors either low (benign) or highly (malignant) cellular tumors. To evaluate the role of DWI and apparent

Approximately half of stroke patients show impaired upper limb and hand function. Task-oriented training focuses on functional tasks, while joint mobilization technique aims to restore the accessory movements of the joints. To investigate the effect of adding joint mobilization to task-oriented training to help the patients in reaching a satisfactory level of recovery for their hand function. Thirty

Dear Editor, We read the article with interest titled “The effects of Kinesio taping of lower limbs on functional mobility, spasticity, and range of motion of children with spastic cerebral palsy” published in The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery on 29th October (2019) 55:70 [1]. We want to commend the authors for this useful clinical study and a significant contribution towards

Recently, an exceptional increase was witnessed in cell phone users. The brain has greater exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) created during mobile phone use than the rest of the body, which may impair its function. In persons with epilepsy, the brain has more tendencies towards electrical instability. The current study aims at investigating the effect of mobile phone radiation (MPR) on the

Nearly one-third of epilepsy patients are refractory/resistant to medical treatment. Developments made in surgical techniques have significantly increased the effectiveness and safety of these techniques, as such techniques have been demonstrated to improve seizure control/freedom outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the complications of epilepsy surgery. The