The ongoing pandemic caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) demonstrates the urgent need of coordinated and rapid research towards inhibitors of the COVID-19 lung disease. The covid19-nmr consortium seeks to support drug development by providing publicly accessible NMR data on the viral RNA elements and proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes for

Spider dragline silk is well recognized due to its excellent mechanical properties. Dragline silk protein mainly consists of two proteins, namely, major ampullate spidroin 1 (MaSp1) and major ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp2). The MaSp N-terminal domain (NTD) conformation displays a strong dependence on ion and pH gradients, which is crucial for the self-assembly behavior of spider silk. In the spider major

KKT4 is a kinetoplastid-specific microtubule-binding kinetochore protein that lacks significant similarity to any known kinetochore or microtubule-binding proteins. Here we present the 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments for several fragments from the microtubule-binding domain of KKT4 (KKT4115–343) from Trypanosoma brucei. These assignments provide the starting point for detailed investigations

RbfA (ribosome binding factor A; 15.2 kDa) is a protein involved in ribosome biogenesis and has been shown to be important for growth at low temperatures and to act as a suppressor for a cold-sensitive mutation (C23U) in the ribosomal RNA of the small 30S ribosomal subunit. The 3D structure of isolated RbfA has been determined from several organisms showing that RbfA has type-II KH-domain fold topology

In the original publication of the article, the name of one of the authors is incorrect. The author's name is Eiso AB, but was modified to A. B. Eiso. The correct name is given in this Correction.

In the original publication of the article, the authors found a misquote in the Reference section.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes the most common sexually transmitted bacterial diseases in the world. With a biphasic developmental cycle, the bacteria utilize a type III secretion system (T3SS) to invade host cells as infectious elemental bodies, which then differentiate into actively dividing reticulate bodies. The regulation of the developmental cycle and

Most commonly small outer membrane proteins, possessing between 8 and 12 β-strands, are not involved in transport but fulfill diverse functions such as cell adhesion or binding of ligands. An intriguing exception are the 8-stranded β-barrel proteins of the OmpW family, which are implicated in the transport of small molecules. A representative example is AlkL from Pseudomonas putida GPoI, which functions

The breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) plays a central role in the suppression of human breast and ovarian cancer. Germ line mutations of the BRCA1 gene are responsible for the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Here were report 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments for the intrinsically disordered BRCA1 fragment 219–504, which contains important interaction sites for

Toxoplasmosis is a systematic protozoan disease caused by a tiny parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The infection can be dangerous for pregnant woman and people with weak immune systems. The secreted protein named TgPDCD5 (Programmed cell death protein 5 from Toxoplasma gondii) plays an important role in apoptosis-inducing effect on host cells. Here, we report the 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of

Family I soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases; EC 3.6.1.1) are enzymes essential for all organisms. They hydrolyze inorganic pyrophosphate, thus providing the driving force for numerous biosynthetic reactions. Soluble PPases retain enzymatic activity only in multimeric forms. PPases from various organisms are extensively studied by X-ray crystallography but until now there was no information

β-glucosidases have received considerable attention due to their essential role in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. β-glucosidase can hydrolyse cellobiose in cellulose degradation and its low activity has been considered as one of the main limiting steps in the process. Large-scale conversions of cellulose therefore require high enzyme concentration which increases the cost. β-glucosidases

Retinoic acid-induced protein 2 is a human protein of 530 residues encoded by the RAI2 gene (Q9Y5P3; RAI2_HUMAN). RAI2 is a novel tumor suppressor protein whose depletion in breast cancer cell lines results in the downregulation of several genes associated with differentiation along with increased invasiveness and aggressive tumor phenotype of the cells. The role of the protein is specified to be a

The CaMK subfamily of Ser/Thr kinases are regulated by calmodulin interactions with their C-terminal regions. They are exemplified by Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 1δ which is known as CaMK1D, CaMKIδ or CKLiK. CaMK1D mediates intracellular signalling downstream of Ca2+ influx and thereby exhibits amplifications of Ca2+signals and polymorphisms that have been implicated in breast cancer and

Most of the translational control of gene expression in higher eukaryotes occurs during the initiation step of protein synthesis. While this process is well characterized in mammalian cells, it is less defined in parasites, including the ones that cause human Leishmaniasis. The Leishmania cap-binding isoform 1 (LeishIF4E-1) is the only isoform that binds the specific trypanosomatids-specific hypermethylated

Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), which is involved in regulating the apoptosis of the extrinsic cell death pathway contains two death effector domains (DED). There are several splicing variants including short-form (c-FLIPS) and long-form (c-FLIPL). The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) initiates apoptosis and programmed necrosis, DISC assembly and activation are regulated by c-FLIP

Biochemical and structural characterizations of a protein are the prerequisite for the further understanding of its biological role and potential applications. The expression of recombinant protein is almost unavoidable to produce the amount of the protein required for these studies, especially at the industrial level. Escherichia coli is the single most used system for recombinant protein expression

PRK1 is a member of the protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK) family of serine/threonine kinases and a downstream effector of Rho GTPases. PRK1 has three N-terminal Homology Region 1 (HR1) domains (HR1a, HR1b and HR1c), which form antiparallel coiled coils that interact with Rho family GTPases. PRK1 also has a C2-like domain that targets it to the plasma membrane and a kinase domain, which is a member

Q38FZ4 (UniProt accession number), is an 85-residue hypothetical protein from Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei). Q38FZ4, which might be specific among the trypanosomatid genomes, shares low sequence similarity with mammal proteins and also has an essential function in the growth of T. brucei. Here we report the resonance assignments and secondary structure analysis of Q38FZ4 from T. brucei, which will

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes millions of infections worldwide with an increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Iron acquisition is essential for its survival and virulence, especially under host-imposed nutritional immunity. S. pneumoniae expresses several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to facilitate acquisition under iron limitation, including

Protein Phosphatase 2A, PP2A, the principal Serine/threonine phosphatase, has major roles in broad range of signaling pathways that include regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation and neuronal signaling. The loss of function of PP2A is linked with many human diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) functions as tumor suppressor and its tumor suppressor

We report the NMR resonance assignments of N-terminal signal sequence deleted secretory protein Rv0603 (∆1-28-Rv0603) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. ∆1-28-Rv0603 displayed good peak yield and signal dispersion in 2D [15N-1H] HSQC spectrum, which prompted us to proceed for resonance assignments on this construct. Standard triple-resonance experiments for resonance assignments were recorded on

High potential iron-sulfur proteins (HiPIPs) are a class of small proteins (50-100 aa residues), containing a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster. The 4Fe-4S cluster shuttles between the oxidation states [Fe4S4]3+/2+, with a positive redox potential in the range (500-50 mV) throughout the different known HiPIPs. Both oxidation states are paramagnetic at room temperature. HiPIPs are electron transfer proteins

LW domain is the N-terminal domain I of transcription elongation factor TFIIS, which is a component of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) preinitiation complexes (PICs). Here, we report the resonance assignments of TFIIS LW domain from Homo sapiens for further understanding of the relationship between its structure and function.

Asparagine-linked glycosylation is an essential and highly conserved protein modification reaction that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells during protein synthesis at the ribosome. In the central reaction, a pre-assembled high-mannose sugar is transferred from a lipid-linked donor substrate to the side-chain of an asparagine residue in an -N-X-T/S- sequence (where X is any residue except

The pneumococcal serine rich repeat protein (PsrP) is displayed on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a suggested role in colonization in the human upper respiratory tract. Full-length PsrP is a 4000 residue-long multi-domain protein comprising a positively charged functional binding region (BR) domain for interaction with keratin and extracellular DNA during pneumococcal adhesion and biofilm

Ribosome biogenesis is an energetically expensive and complex cellular process that involves the coordinated folding of the ribosomal RNA and dozens of ribosomal proteins. It proceeds along multiple parallel pathways and is guided by trans-acting factors called ribosome assembly factors. Although this process has been studied for decades, there are still many open questions regarding the role of the

The article 1HN, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of human calmodulin bound to a peptide derived from the STRA6 vitamin A transporter (CaMBP2), written by Kristen M. Varney, Paul T. Wilder, Raquel Godoy-Ruiz, Filippo Mancia and David J. Weber, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 13, issue 2, page [275–278] the author decided to opt for Open Choice

The brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic (BAALC; UniProt entry Q8WXS3) is a 180-residue-long human protein having six known isoforms. BAALC is expressed in either hematopoietic or neuroectodermal cells and its specific function is still to be revealed. However, as a presumably membrane-anchored protein at the cytoplasmic side it is speculated that BAALC exerts its function at the postsynaptic densities

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional modifications during their biosynthesis. To fulfil their functions within cells, tRNAs undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process leading to the formation of mature tRNAs. In particular, the introduction of post-transcriptional modifications in tRNAs is controlled and influenced by multiple factors. In turn, tRNA biological

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in allergic reactions. IgE is a dynamic molecule that is capable of undergoing large conformational changes. X-ray crystal structures of the Fc region of IgE in complex with various ligands have shown that IgE-Fc can exist in extended and various bent conformations. IgE-Fc consists of three domains: Cε2, Cε3 and Cε4. While the complete NMR backbone assignments

The 26S proteasome degrades selected polyubiquitinated proteins in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the major pathway for programmed protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpn12 locates in the lid of the 19S regulatory particle within the 26S proteasome and plays a role in recruiting the extrinsic ubiquitin receptor Rpn10. Rpn12 contains a N-terminal TPR (tetratrico

CanA from Pyrodictium abyssi forms a heat-resistant organic hollow-fiber network together with CanB and CanC. An N-terminally truncated construct of CanA (K1-CanA) gave NMR spectra of good quality that could be assigned by three-dimensional NMR methods on 15N and 13C-15N enriched protein. We assigned the chemical shifts of 96% of all backbone 1HN atoms, 98% of all backbone 15N atoms, 100% of all 13Cα

Many cellular functions rely on stable protein-only or protein-RNA complexes. Deciphering their assembly mechanism is a key question in cell biology. We here focus on box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins involved in ribosome biogenesis. The mature particles contain four core proteins and a guide RNA. Despite their relatively simple composition, these particles don't self-assemble in eukaryote

Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide affecting approximately 10 million people in 2018. This classifies tuberculosis as epidemic in several countries and leads to an increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains. Thus, the development of new drugs is essential to effective treatments. A potential drug target is the ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, a ubiquitous enzyme important to

Attachment of human noroviruses to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) is thought to be essential for infection, although how this binding event promotes infection is unknown. Recent studies have shown that 60% of all GII.4 epidemic strains may undergo a spontaneous post-translational modification (PTM) in an amino acid located adjacent to the binding pocket for HBGAs. This transformation proceeds with

Ostrinia furnacalis, a lepidopteran moth, is an invasive pest found in Asia, Australia, Africa, and parts of the United States. The O. furnacalis pheromone-binding protein2 (OfurPBP2), present in the male moth antenna, plays a role in the detection of female-secreted pheromone in a process that leads to mating. To understand the structural mechanism of pheromone binding and release in this pest, we

Multi-drug resistance is becoming an increasingly severe clinical challenge not only among pathogenic bacteria but among fungal pathogens as well. Drug design is inherently more challenging for the eukaryotic fungi due to their closer evolutionary similarity to humans. The recent rapid expansion in invasive infections throughout the world by Candida auris is of particular concern due to a substantial

Recent applications of phage therapy in localized wound and drug-resistant bacterial infection have brought bacteriophage back to the spotlight. While these works demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of engineered bacteriophages in human patients, the exact molecular machinery behind the bacteria killing remains largely uncharacterized. This is particularly noticable outside Escherichia coli phages

The Ral proteins (RalA and RalB) are small G proteins of the Ras family that have been implicated in exocytosis, endocytosis, transcriptional regulation and mitochondrial fission, as well as having a role in tumourigenesis. RalA and RalB are activated downstream of the master regulator, Ras, which causes the nucleotide exchange of GDP for GTP. Here we report the 1H, 15 N and 13C resonance assignments

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a non-enveloped virus that causes massive mortality in aquaculture fish production worldwide. Recently X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-EM have independently determined the icosahedral capsid of NNV to near-atomic resolutions to show the capsid protein is composed of a S-domain (shell) and a P-domain (protrusion) connected by a linker. However, the structure

Trichobakin (TBK) is a type-I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP-I), acting as an extremely potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the cell-free translation system of rabbit reticulocyte lysate (IC50: 3.5 pM). In this respect, TBK surpasses the well-studied highly homologous RIP-I trichosanthin (IC50: 20-27 pM), therefore creation of recombinant toxins based on it is of great interest. TBK needs

Phage study draws more attention recently as the bacterial antibiotic resistances become a major threat for global health. Bacteriophage T4 is one of the most studied the phages and the representative of Tevenvirinae subfamily. Since 1950s, T4 phage has been studied more intensively than any other large lytic phages and its biological studies have provided basis for current phage biology as well as

In large parts of Europe, Northern America and China people are suffering from allergies after consuming certain kinds of fruits and vegetables. Typical allergic symptoms range from scratching and itching of the throat to severe symptoms like rhino conjunctivitis and anaphylaxis. For hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), these allergies result from initial sensitization to the birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen

Web spiders use specialized glands to produce silk proteins, so-called spidroins, which assemble into extraordinarily tough silk fibers through tightly regulated phase and structural transitions. A crucial step in the polymerization of spidroins is the pH-triggered assembly of their N-terminal domains (NTDs) into tight dimers. Major ampullate spidroin NTDs contain an unusually high content of the amino

Friedreich's ataxia, the most prevalent hereditary ataxia, is caused by a patient's inability to produce a viable form of the protein frataxin. Frataxin plays an essential role in cellular iron regulation and has been shown to participate in the assembly of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters under a variety of roles, including modulating persulfide production and directing Fe(II) delivery to the assembly

The PilF protein from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus is a traffic ATPase powering the assembly of the DNA translocation machinery as well as of type 4 pili. Thereby PilF mediates the natural transformability of T. thermophilus. PilF contains a C-terminal ATPase domain and three N-terminal domains with partial homology to so-called general secretory pathway II (GSPII) domains. These

β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) is a magnesium-dependent phosphoryl transfer enzyme that catalyses the reversible isomerisation of β-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate, via two phosphoryl transfer steps and a β-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate intermediate. Substrate-free βPGM is an essential component of the catalytic cycle and an understanding of its dynamics would present significant insights into

TGIF1 is an essential regulator of cell differentiation in various biological processes, and is associated with holoprosencephaly and many cancers. The C-terminal domain of TGIF1 that was originally defined as repressive domain 2 can interact with a variety of proteins, such as transcription factor Smad2 and co-repressor Sin3A, to mediate the regulative roles of TGIF1 in diverse cell signaling pathways

HNH is one of two endonuclease domains of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein Cas9 that perform site-specific cleavage of double-stranded DNA. We engineered a novel construct of this critical nuclease from Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 that not only maintains the wild-type amino acid sequence and fold, but displays enhanced thermostability when compared

DJ-1 is a highly conserved soluble protein that is associated to several cellular pathways. In humans, DJ-1 has been implicated in several pathologies such as cancer, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Several roles have been attributed to DJ-1, including defense against oxidative stress, chaperone activity and proteasome regulation. The recent finding that DJ-1 acts as a protein

The natural transformation system of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus is one of the most efficient DNA transport systems in terms of DNA uptake rate and promiscuity. The DNA transporter of T. thermophilus plays an important role in interdomain DNA transfer in hot environments. PilF is the traffic ATPase that provides the energy for the assembly of the DNA translocation machinery and

RNA silencing describes a pan-eukaryotic pathway of gene regulation where doubled stranded RNA are processed by the RNAse III enzyme Dicer or homologs. In particular, plants use it as a way to defend themselves against pathogen invasions. In turn, to evade the plant immune response, viruses have developed anti-RNA silencing mechanisms. They may indeed code for proteins called "viral suppressor of RNA

Olduvai protein domains, encoded primarily by NBPF genes, have been linked to both human brain evolution and cognitive diseases such as autism and schizophrenia. There are six primary domains that comprise the Olduvai family: three conserved domains (CON1-3) and three human lineage-specific domains (HLS1-3), which typically occur as a triplet (HLS1, HLS2 and HLS3). Herein, we present the solution NMR

Sigma factor S (σS) are master regulator responsible for the survival of bacteria under extreme conditions. Bacteria start specific gene expression via σS promoter recognition, activating various responses to cope with external conditions. Although this self-protection mechanism is vital for bacteria to propagate and evolve, there are many puzzling research questions to be answered. For example, while

Bacterial tRNA (guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (TrmD) plays important roles in translation, making it an important target for the development of new antibacterial compounds. TrmD comprises two domains with the N-terminal domain binding to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) cofactor and the C-terminal domain critical for tRNA binding. Bacterial TrmD is functional as a dimer. Here we report the backbone

Microbial electrosynthesis is an emerging green technology that explores the capability of a particular group of microorganisms to drive their metabolism toward the production of hydrogen or value-added chemicals from electrons supplied by electrode surfaces. The cytochrome PccH showed the largest increase in transcription when electrons are supplied to Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. Gene knock-out

In mammalian cells, the process of DNA ligation is necessary during DNA replication to create an intact "lagging" strand from a series of smaller Okazaki fragments and to repair DNA strand breaks that arise either due to the direct action of a DNA damaging agent or as a consequence of DNA damage excision during DNA repair. In humans, there are three genes that encode for members of the DNA ligase family

Ebola viral infections have resulted in several deadly epidemics in recent years in West and Central Africa. Because only one of the seven proteins encoded by the viral genome possesses enzymatic activity, disruption of protein-protein interactions is a promising route for antiviral drug development. We carried out a screening campaign to identify small, drug-like compounds that bind to the C-terminal

The protein dimethyladenosine transferase 1 (Dim1) is a highly conserved protein occurring in organisms ranging from bacteria such as E. coli where it is named KsgA to humans. Since Dim1 is involved in the biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit it is an essential protein. During ribosome biogenesis Dim1 acts as an rRNA modification enzyme and dimethylates two adjacent adenosine residues of the small