1 INTRODUCTION Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe ocular disease characterized by recurring acute and/or chronic corneal‐conjunctival inflammation leading to visual sequelae.1 Since no treatments are universally effective in the management of VKC, novel therapies are currently under investigation, including anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE). Although the efficacy and safety of omalizumab have

The role of host immune responses in the pathogenesis of borrelial dissemination in early Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the form of multiple erythema migrans (MEM) or LB‐associated symptoms is incompletely understood.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been clarified and is closely related to several pro‐inflammatory factors. MicroRNA‐233 (miR‐223) might be involved in the development of IBD; however, the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we attempted to determine the role of miR‐223 in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis and explore the involvement

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is now being a disaster, as of November 3, 2020, the World Health Organization have reported 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths globally.1 Studies have reported that respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, varicella, herpes zoster, rubella, and measles are suppressed during the fight

Allergy on farms has a long history. “Hayfever,” one of the main allergic outcomes, has an origin in the farming community while also asthma is increased in farmers due to exposure to grain dust, animal dander and various chemicals,1, 2 Nevertheless Blackley3 noted already in 1873 that “these statistics of the occupations of hay‐fever patients bring out prominently the very curious circumstance that

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have now becoming a worldwide catastrophe, as of September 9, 2020, the conformed COVID‐19 cases are 27,486,960, and 894,983 deaths are reported.1 Varicella (chickenpox), rubella and measles are also infectious diseases caused by the respiratory virus. We have noticed that the reported varicella cases, rubella cases, and measles cases in Guangzhou City

Glatiramer acetate (GA; trade name: Copaxone®) is a mixture of synthetic polypeptides that is used for the immunomodulatory treatment of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).1 While some mechanisms of action of GA are still not completely understood, it has been shown to bind to major histocompatibility complex molecules and to induce an in vivo change of the cytokine secretion pattern of

Considering the potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) migrating towards cancer cells, this study was performed to explore the function of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) modified ADSCs on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

High‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 binds to DNA, regulating transcription and determining chromosomal architecture. When released into the extracellular space, HMGB1 activates innate immunity and mediates a wide range of