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NADPH Oxidase 4-mediated Alveolar Macrophage Recruitment to Lung Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Seunghan Han,Sungmin Moon,Youn Wook Chung,Ji-Hwan Ryu
When the lungs are infected with bacteria, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are recruited to the site and play a crucial role in protecting the host by reducing excessive lung inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanisms that trigger the recruitment of AMs to lung alveoli during an infection are still not fully understood. In this study, we identified a critical role for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the
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The Role of CD4 T Cell Help in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Function During Chronic Infection and Cancer. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Paytsar Topchyan,Siying Lin,Weiguo Cui
CD4 and CD8 T cells are key players in the immune response against both pathogenic infections and cancer. CD4 T cells provide help to CD8 T cells via multiple mechanisms, including licensing dendritic cells (DCs), co-stimulation, and cytokine production. During acute infection and vaccination, CD4 T cell help is important for the development of CD8 T cell memory. However, during chronic viral infection
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Glucocorticoids Impair the 7α-Hydroxycholesterol-Enhanced Innate Immune Response. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Yonghae Son,Bo-Young Kim,Miran Kim,Jaesung Kim,Ryuk Jun Kwon,Koanhoi Kim
Glucocorticoids suppress the vascular inflammation that occurs under hypercholesterolemia, as demonstrated in an animal model fed a high-cholesterol diet. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain poorly understood. Because cholesterol is oxidized to form cholesterol oxides (oxysterols) that are capable of inducing inflammation, we investigated whether glucocorticoids
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COVID-19 Vaccination Alters NK Cell Dynamics and Transiently Reduces HBsAg Titers Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Hyunjae Shin,Ha Seok Lee,Ji Yun Noh,June-Young Koh,So-Young Kim,Jeayeon Park,Sung Won Chung,Moon Haeng Hur,Min Kyung Park,Yun Bin Lee,Yoon Jun Kim,Jung-Hwan Yoon,Jae-Hoon Ko,Kyong Ran Peck,Joon Young Song,Eui-Cheol Shin,Jeong-Hoon Lee
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may non-specifically alter the host immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) titer and host immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Consecutive 2,797 CHB patients who had serial HBsAg measurements during antiviral treatment were included in this study. Changes in the HBsAg
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Combined Treatment With TGF-β1, Retinoic Acid, and Lactoferrin Robustly Generate Inducible Tregs (iTregs) Against High Affinity Ligand. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Young-Saeng Jang,Sun-Hee Park,Seung-Goo Kang,Jung-Shin Lee,Hyun-Jeong Ko,Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
Forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3+)-inducible Tregs (iTregs) are readily generated by TGF-β1 at low TCR signaling intensity. TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression is further enhanced by retinoic acid (RA) and lactoferrin (LF). However, the intensity of TCR signaling required for induction of Foxp3 expression by TGF-β1 in combination with RA and LF is unknown. Here, we found that either RA or LF alone decreased
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Extracellular Mechanisms of Neutrophils in Immune Cell Crosstalk. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Sanjeeb Shrestha,Chang-Won Hong
Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that provide defense against invading pathogens through phagocytosis, degranulation, generation of ROS, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although long been considered as short-lived effector cells with limited biosynthetic activity, recent studies have revealed that neutrophils actively communicate with other immune cells. Neutrophils
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Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis for Thymic Epithelial Cells of Aged Mice and Humans. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Sangsin Lee,Seung Geun Song,Doo Hyun Chung
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a critical role in thymic development and thymopoiesis. As individuals age, TECs undergo various changes that impact their functions, leading to a reduction in cell numbers and impaired thymic selection. These age-related alterations have been observed in both mice and humans. However, the precise mechanisms underlying age-related TEC dysfunction remain unclear.
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CD5 Expression Dynamically Changes During the Differentiation of Human CD8+ T Cells Predicting Clinical Response to Immunotherapy. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Young Ju Kim,Kyung Na Rho,Saei Jeong,Gil-Woo Lee,Hee-Ok Kim,Hyun-Ju Cho,Woo Kyun Bae,In-Jae Oh,Sung-Woo Lee,Jae-Ho Cho
Defining the molecular dynamics associated with T cell differentiation enhances our understanding of T cell biology and opens up new possibilities for clinical implications. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CD5 expression in CD8+ T cell differentiation and explored its potential clinical uses. Using PBMCs from 29 healthy donors, we observed a stepwise decrease in CD5 expression as CD8+
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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Sustained T Cell Responses Against the Omicron Variant in Adolescents. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Sujin Choi,Sang-Hoon Kim,Mi Seon Han,Yoonsun Yoon,Yun-Kyung Kim,Hye-Kyung Cho,Ki Wook Yun,Seung Ha Song,Bin Ahn,Ye Kyung Kim,Sung Hwan Choi,Young June Choe,Heeji Lim,Eun Bee Choi,Kwangwook Kim,Seokhwan Hyeon,Hye Jung Lim,Byung-Chul Kim,Yoo-Kyoung Lee,Eun Hwa Choi,Eui-Cheol Shin,Hyunju Lee
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been acknowledged as an effective mean of preventing infection and hospitalization. However, the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has led to substantial increase in infections among children and adolescents. Vaccine-induced immunity and longevity have not been well defined in
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Tumor Promoting Function of DUSP10 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is Associated With Tumor-Promoting Cytokines. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Xing Wei,Chin Wen Png,Madhushanee Weerasooriya,Heng Li,Chenchen Zhu,Guiping Chen,Chuan Xu,Yongliang Zhang,Xiaohong Xu
Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which contributes more than 80% to totally lung cancer cases, remains the leading cause of cancer death and the 5-year survival is less than 20%. Continuous understanding on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease and identification of biomarkers for therapeutic application and response to treatment will help to improve
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Vaccine Strategy That Enhances the Protective Efficacy of Systemic Immunization by Establishing Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Against Influenza Infection. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Hyun-Jung Kong,Youngwon Choi,Eun-Ah Kim,Jun Chang
Most influenza vaccines currently in use target the highly variable hemagglutinin protein to induce neutralizing antibodies and therefore require yearly reformulation. T cell-based universal influenza vaccines focus on eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses, especially the tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM) population in the respiratory tract, providing superior protection to circulating
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A Moonlighting Protein Secreted by a Nasal Microbiome Fortifies the Innate Host Defense Against Bacterial and Viral Infections. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Gwanghee Kim,Yoojin Lee,Jin Sun You,Wontae Hwang,Jeewon Hwang,Hwa Young Kim,Jieun Kim,Ara Jo,In Ho Park,Mohammed Ali,Jongsun Kim,Jeon-Soo Shin,Ho-Keun Kwon,Hyun Jik Kim,Sang Sun Yoon
Evidence suggests that the human respiratory tract, as with the gastrointestinal tract, has evolved to its current state in association with commensal microbes. However, little is known about how the airway microbiome affects the development of airway immune system. Here, we uncover a previously unidentified mode of interaction between host airway immunity and a unique strain (AIT01) of Staphylococcus
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IFN-γ: A Crucial Player in the Fight Against HBV Infection? Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Marine Laure Bettina Hillaire,Philip Lawrence,Brice Lagrange
About 0.8 million people die because of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection each year. In around 5% of infected adults, the immune system is ineffective in countering HBV infection, leading to chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which can lead to patient death. Unfortunately, although current treatments against CHB allow control of HBV infection, they are unable
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Comprehensive Lipid Profiling Recapitulates Enhanced Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Intimal Foamy Macrophages From Murine Atherosclerotic Aorta. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Jae Won Seo,Kyu Seong Park,Gwang Bin Lee,Sang-Eun Park,Jae-Hoon Choi,Myeong Hee Moon
Lipid accumulation in macrophages is a prominent phenomenon observed in atherosclerosis. Previously, intimal foamy macrophages (FM) showed decreased inflammatory gene expression compared to intimal non-foamy macrophages (NFM). Since reprogramming of lipid metabolism in macrophages affects immunological functions, lipid profiling of intimal macrophages appears to be important for understanding the phenotypic
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The Immunosuppressive Potential of Cholesterol Sulfate Through T Cell Microvilli Disruption. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Jeong-Su Park, Ik-Joo Chung, Hye-Ran Kim, Chang-Duk Jun
Cholesterol (CL) is required for various biomolecular production processes, including those of cell membrane components. Therefore, to meet these needs, CL is converted into various derivatives. Among these derivatives is cholesterol sulfate (CS), a naturally produced CL derivative by the sulfotransferase family 2B1 (SULT2B1), which is widely present in human plasma. CS is involved in cell membrane
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NLRP3 Exacerbate NETosis-Associated Neuroinflammation in an LPS-Induced Inflamed Brain. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Da Jeong Byun, Jaeho Lee, Je-Wook Yu, Young-Min Hyun
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) exert a novel function of trapping pathogens. Released NETs can accumulate in inflamed tissues, be recognized by other immune cells for clearance, and lead to tissue toxicity. Therefore, the deleterious effect of NET is an etiological factor, causing several diseases directly or indirectly. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in neutrophils is pivotal
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CD103+ Cells and Chemokine Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Eun-Hye Seo, Ga-Yun Song, Chung-Sik Oh, Seong-Hyop Kim, Wan-Seop Kim, Seung-Hyun Lee
Mucosal environments harbour lymphocytes, which express several adhesion molecules, including intestinal homing receptors and integrin αE/β7 (CD103). CD103 binds E-cadherin, an integrin receptor expressed in intestinal endothelial cells. Its expression not only enables homing or retention of T lymphocytes at these sites but is also associated with increased T lymphocyte activation. However, it is not
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces HMGB1 Secretion Through Post-Translational Modification and PANoptosis. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Man Sup Kwak, Seoyeon Choi, Jiseon Kim, Hoojung Lee, In Ho Park, Jooyeon Oh, Duong Ngoc Mai, Nam-Hyuk Cho, Ki Taek Nam, Jeon-Soo Shin
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cell death, leading to organ damage and mortality. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage-associated molecular patterns that can be secreted by pro-inflammatory stimuli, including viral infections, and its excessive secretion levels are related to a variety
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Altered Frequency, Activation, and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Ki-Jeong Park, Hye-Mi Jin, Young-Nan Cho, Jae Hyun Yoon, Seung-Jung Kee, Hyo-Sin Kim, Yong-Wook Park
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels
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Pre-existing Immunity to Endemic Human Coronaviruses Does Not Affect the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike in a Murine Vaccination Model. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Ahn Young Jeong,Pureum Lee,Moo-Seung Lee,Doo-Jin Kim
Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been evidenced to be cross-reactive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although a correlation exists between the immunological memory to HCoVs and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, there is little experimental evidence for the effects of HCoV memory on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we investigated the Ag-specific
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COVID-19 Therapeutics: An Update on Effective Treatments Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Bill Thaddeus Padasas,Erica Españo,Sang-Hyun Kim,Youngcheon Song,Chong-Kil Lee,Jeong-Ki Kim
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most consequential global health crises in over a century. Since its discovery in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to mutate into different variants and sublineages, rendering previously potent treatments and vaccines ineffective. With significant strides in clinical and pharmaceutical research
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Exercise With a Novel Digital Device Increased Serum Anti-influenza Antibody Titers After Influenza Vaccination. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Jun-Pyo Choi,Ghazal Ayoub,Jarang Ham,Youngmin Huh,Seung Eun Choi,Yu-Kyoung Hwang,Ji Yun Noh,Sae-Hoon Kim,Joon Young Song,Eu Suk Kim,Yoon-Seok Chang
It has been reported that some exercise could enhance the anti-viral antibody titers after vaccination including influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. We developed SAT-008, a novel digital device, consists of physical activities and activities related to the autonomic nervous system. We assessed the feasibility of SAT-008 to boost host immunity after an influenza vaccination by a randomized
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Gut Microbial Metabolites on Host Immune Responses in Health and Disease. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Jong-Hwi Yoon,Jun-Soo Do,Priyanka Velankanni,Choong-Gu Lee,Ho-Keun Kwon
Intestinal microorganisms interact with various immune cells and are involved in gut homeostasis and immune regulation. Although many studies have discussed the roles of the microorganisms themselves, interest in the effector function of their metabolites is increasing. The metabolic processes of these molecules provide important clues to the existence and function of gut microbes. The interrelationship
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Back to the T Cell: Basic and Clinical Application. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Yong Woo Jung,Su-Hyung Park,Chang-Duk Jun
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Distinct Transcriptional and Functional Differences of Lung Resident and Monocyte-Derived Alveolar Macrophages During the Recovery Period of Acute Lung Injury. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Fei Hou, Huan Wang, Kun Zheng, Wenting Yang, Kun Xiao, Zihan Rong, Junjie Xiao, Jing Li, Baihe Cheng, Li Tang, Lixin Xie
In acute lung injury, two subsets of lung macrophages exist in the alveoli: tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (MDMs). However, it is unclear whether these 2 subsets of macrophages have different functions and characteristics during the recovery phase. RNA-sequencing of AMs and MDMs from the recovery period of LPS-induced lung injury mice revealed their
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Context-Dependent Plasticity in T-Helper Lineages. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Meyer J Friedman,Haram Lee,June-Yong Lee,Soohwan Oh
Th cell lineage determination and functional specialization are tightly linked to the activation of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) that bind cis-regulatory elements. These lineage-determining TFs act in concert with multiple layers of transcriptional regulators to alter the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, histone modification and three-dimensional chromosome architecture
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The Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Immunotherapy for Human Diseases. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Hanbyeul Choi,Yeaji Kim,Yong Woo Jung
Memory T (Tm) cells protect against Ags that they have previously contacted with a fast and robust response. Therefore, developing long-lived Tm cells is a prime goal for many vaccines and therapies to treat human diseases. The remarkable characteristics of Tm cells have led scientists and clinicians to devise methods to make Tm cells more useful. Recently, Tm cells have been highlighted for their
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Shaping Heterogeneity of Naive CD8+ T Cell Pools. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Sung-Woo Lee,Gil-Woo Lee,Hee-Ok Kim,Jae-Ho Cho
Immune diversification helps protect the host against a myriad of pathogens. CD8+ T cells are essential adaptive immune cells that inhibit the spread of pathogens by inducing apoptosis in infected host cells, ultimately ensuring complete elimination of infectious pathogens and suppressing disease development. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CD8+
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Microbial Components and Effector Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation and Function. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Changhon Lee,Haena Lee,John Chulhoon Park,Sin-Hyeog Im
The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune
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T Cell Microvilli: Finger-Shaped External Structures Linked to the Fate of T Cells. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Hye-Ran Kim,Jeong-Su Park,Won-Chang Soh,Na-Young Kim,Hyun-Yoong Moon,Ji-Su Lee,Chang-Duk Jun
Microvilli are outer membrane organelles that contain cross-linked filamentous actin. Unlike well-characterized epithelial microvilli, T-cell microvilli are dynamic similar to those of filopodia, which grow and shrink intermittently via the alternate actin-assembly and -disassembly. T-cell microvilli are specialized for sensing Ags on the surface of Ag-presenting cells (APCs). Thus, these finger-shaped
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Roles of Virtual Memory T Cells in Diseases. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Joon Seok,Sung-Dong Cho,Seong Jun Seo,Su-Hyung Park
Memory T cells that mediate fast and effective protection against reinfections are usually generated upon recognition on foreign Ags. However, a "memory-like" T-cell population, termed virtual memory T (TVM) cells that acquire a memory phenotype in the absence of foreign Ag, has been reported. Although, like innate cells, TVM cells reportedly play a role in first-line defense to bacterial or viral
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Human CD8+ T-Cell Populations That Express Natural Killer Receptors. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 June-Young Koh,Dong-Uk Kim,Bae-Hyeon Moon,Eui-Cheol Shin
CD8+ T cells are activated by TCRs that recognize specific cognate Ags, while NK-cell activation is regulated by a balance between signals from germline-encoded activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Through these different processes of Ag recognition, CD8+ T cells and NK cells play distinct roles as adaptive and innate immune cells, respectively. However, some human CD8+ T cells have been found to
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Molecular Mechanisms of T Helper Cell Differentiation and Functional Specialization. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Gap Ryol Lee
Th cells, which orchestrate immune responses to various pathogens, differentiate from naïve CD4 T cells into several subsets that stimulate and regulate immune responses against various types of pathogens, as well as a variety of immune-related diseases. Decades of research have revealed that the fate decision processes are controlled by cytokines, cytokine receptor signaling, and master transcription
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Protective Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Rv0351/Rv3628 Subunit Vaccine Formulated in Different Adjuvants Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Kee Woong Kwon,Tae Gun Kang,Ara Lee,Seung Mo Jin,Yong Taik Lim,Sung Jae Shin,Sang-Jun Ha
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628)
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Extracellular Acidification Augments NLRP3-Mediated Inflammasome Signaling in Macrophages. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Byeong Jun Chae, Kyung-Seo Lee, Inhwa Hwang, Je-Wook Yu
Inflammation is a series of host defense processes in response to microbial infection and tissue injury. Inflammatory processes frequently cause extracellular acidification in the inflamed region through increased glycolysis and lactate secretion. Therefore, the immune cells infiltrating the inflamed region encounter an acidic microenvironment. Extracellular acidosis can modulate the innate immune
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Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Seungwon Ryu,Hye Young Kim
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice
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IL-17A and Th17 Cells Contribute to Endometrial Cell Survival by Inhibiting Apoptosis and NK Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity of Endometrial Cells via ERK1/2 Pathway. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Young-Ju Kang,Hee Jun Cho,Yunhee Lee,Arum Park,Mi Jeong Kim,In Cheul Jeung,Yong-Wook Jung,Haiyoung Jung,Inpyo Choi,Hee Gu Lee,Suk Ran Yoon
Immune status including the immune cells and cytokine profiles has been implicated in the development of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells and IL-17A in peritoneal fluid (PF) and endometrial tissues of patients with (n=10) and without (n=26) endometriosis. Our study has shown increased Th17 cell population and IL-17A level in PF with endometriosis patients. To determine the roles
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Phosphatase Ssu72 Is Essential for Homeostatic Balance Between CD4+ T Cell Lineages. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Min-Hee Kim,Chang-Woo Lee
Ssu72, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, not only participates in transcription biogenesis, but also affects pathophysiological functions in a tissue-specific manner. Recently, it has been shown that Ssu72 is required for T cell differentiation and function by controlling multiple immune receptor-mediated signals, including TCR and several cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Ssu72 deficiency
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Metabolic Challenges in Anticancer CD8 T Cell Functions. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Andrea M Amitrano,Minsoo Kim
Cancer immunotherapies continue to face numerous obstacles in the successful treatment of solid malignancies. While immunotherapy has emerged as an extremely effective treatment option for hematologic malignancies, it is largely ineffective against solid tumors due in part to metabolic challenges present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells face fierce competition with
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Immunologic Basis of Type 2 Biologics for Severe Asthma. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Soyoon Sim,Youngwoo Choi,Hae-Sim Park
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity to various environmental stimuli, leading to recurrent cough, dyspnea, and wheezing episodes. Regarding inflammatory mechanisms, type 2/eosinophilic inflammation along with activated mast cells is the major one; however, diverse mechanisms, including structural cells-derived and
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Comprehensive Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Responses Restricted to Each HLA Class I and II Allotype Within an Individual. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 Hyeong-A Jo,Seung-Joo Hyun,You-Seok Hyun,Yong-Hun Lee,Sun-Mi Kim,In-Cheol Baek,Hyun-Jung Sohn,Tai-Gyu Kim
Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), a latent Ag commonly expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected host cells, is a target for adoptive T cell therapy in EBV-associated malignancies. To define whether individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes are used preferentially in EBV-specific T lymphocyte responses, LMP2A-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses in 50 healthy donors were analyzed
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Trypanosoma cruzi Dysregulates piRNAs Computationally Predicted to Target IL-6 Signaling Molecules During Early Infection of Primary Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 Ayorinde Cooley,Kayla J Rayford,Ashutosh Arun,Fernando Villalta,Maria F Lima,Siddharth Pratap,Pius N Nde
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which is now present in most industrialized countries. About 40% of T. cruzi infected individuals will develop severe, incurable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi induces cardiopathogenesis remain to be determined. Previous studies
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Increased B Cell Understanding Puts Improved Vaccine Platforms Just Over the Horizon. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 Geneva Rose Notario,Kihyuck Kwak
In the face of an endlessly expanding repertoire of Ags, vaccines are constantly being tested, each more effective than the last. As viruses and other pathogens evolve to become more infectious, the need for efficient and effective vaccines grows daily, which is especially obvious in an era that is still attempting to remove itself from the clutches of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
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Microbial Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-29 Jongwook Yu,Jae Hee Cheon
Gut dysbiosis is one of prominent features in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are of an unknown etiology. Although the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and gut dysbiosis remains to be elucidated, one area of research has focused on the management of IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis. The use of antibiotics, probiotics either with or without prebiotics, and fecal microbiota
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Efficient Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy Using Tumor Epitope-Coated Biodegradable Nanoparticles Combined With Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid and an Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Sang-Hyun Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Sun-Jae Lee, Hee-Sung Lee, Jae-Kyung Jung, Young-Ran Lee, Hyun-Il Cho, Jeong-Ki Kim, Kyungjae Kim, Chan-Su Park, Chong-Kil Lee
Vaccination with tumor peptide epitopes associated with MHC class I molecules is an attractive approach directed at inducing tumor-specific CTLs. However, challenges remain in improving the therapeutic efficacy of peptide epitope vaccines, including the low immunogenicity of peptide epitopes and insufficient stimulation of innate immune components in vivo. To overcome this, we aimed to develop and
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Low-Level Expression of CD138 Marks Naturally Arising Anergic B Cells. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-24 Sujin Lee,Jeong In Yang,Joo Hee Lee,Hyun Woo Lee,Tae Jin Kim
Autoreactive B cells are not entirely deleted, but some remain as immunocompetent or anergic B cells. Although the persistence of autoreactive B cells as anergic cells has been shown in transgenic mouse models with the expression of B cell receptor (BCR) reactive to engineered self-antigen, the characterization of naturally occurring anergic B cells is important to identify them and understand their
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MiR-182-5p Mediated by Exosomes Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attenuates Inflammatory Responses by Targeting TLR4 in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infraction. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Chuang Sun,Wei Li,Yanhong Li,Jian Chen,Huixian An,Guangwei Zeng,Tingting Wang,Yazhou Guo,Changying Wang
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could protect against myocardial infarction (MI). TLR4 is reported to play an important role in MI, while microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p) negatively regulates TLR4 expression. Therefore, we hypothesize that MSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-182-5p may have beneficial effects on MI. We generated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and
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RNA Metabolism in T Lymphocytes. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Jin Ouk Choi, Jeong Hyeon Ham, Soo Seok Hwang
RNA metabolism plays a central role in regulating of T cell-mediated immunity. RNA processing, modifications, and regulations of RNA decay influence the tight and rapid regulation of gene expression during T cell phase transition. Thymic selection, quiescence maintenance, activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells are dependent on selective RNA modulations. Recent technical improvements
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Asthmatic Inflammation and Airway Remodeling by Modulating Macrophages/Monocytes in the IL-13-Overexpressing Mouse Model. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Yosep Mo, Yujin Kim, Ji-Young Bang, Jiung Jung, Chun-Geun Lee, Jack A Elias, Hye-Ryun Kang
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive alternatives to conventional anti-asthmatic drugs for severe asthma. Mechanisms underlying the anti-asthmatic effects of MSCs have not yet been elucidated. This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of intravenously administered MSCs, focusing on macrophages and monocytes. Seven-week-old transgenic (Tg) mice with lung-specific overexpression of IL-13
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Context-Dependent Regulation of Type17 Immunity by Microbiota at the Intestinal Barrier. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Begum Akuzum,June-Yong Lee
T-helper-17 (Th17) cells and related IL-17-producing (type17) lymphocytes are abundant at the epithelial barrier. In response to bacterial and fungal infection, the signature cytokines IL-17A/F and IL-22 mediate the antimicrobial immune response and contribute to wound healing of injured tissues. Despite their protective function, type17 lymphocytes are also responsible for various chronic inflammatory
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1,3-Dibenzyl-5-Fluorouracil Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Suppressing Osteoclast Differentiation. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Hyoeun Jeon, Jungeun Yu, Jung Me Hwang, Hye-Won Park, Jiyeon Yu, Zee-Won Lee, Taesoo Kim, Jaerang Rho
Osteoclasts (OCs) are clinically important cells that resorb bone matrix. Accelerated bone destruction by OCs is closely linked to the development of metabolic bone diseases. In this study, we screened novel chemical inhibitors targeting OC differentiation to identify drug candidates for metabolic bone diseases. We identified that 1,3-dibenzyl-5-fluorouracil, also named OCI-101, is a novel inhibitor
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Application of Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as an Adjuvant for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Antigen Induces an Efficient Protective Immune Response Against Viral Infection After Intranasal Immunization. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Ju Kim, Ye Lin Yang, Yongsu Jeong, Yong-Suk Jang
The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has chemotactic and modulatory activities in various immune cells, including dendritic cells. Because of its characteristics, LL-37 can be considered an adjuvant for vaccine development. In this study, we confirmed the possible adjuvant activity of LL-37 in mucosal vaccine development against Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) by means of intranasal
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Exosomal Communication Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immunity and Its Therapeutic Application. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Hyunseok Kong, Sang Bum Kim
Exosomes, which are well-known nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are multifunctional biomaterials derived from endosomes and perform various functions. The exosome is a critical material in cell-cell communication. In addition, it regulates the pathophysiological conditions of the tumor microenvironment in particular. In the tumor microenvironment, exosomes play a controversial role in supporting or
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Cynomolgus Macaque Model for COVID-19 Delta Variant. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Seung Ho Baek,Hanseul Oh,Bon-Sang Koo,Green Kim,Eun-Ha Hwang,Hoyin Jung,You Jung An,Jae-Hak Park,Jung Joo Hong
With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which are randomly mutated, the dominant strains in regions are changing globally. The development of preclinical animal models is imperative to validate vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The objective of this study was to develop a non-human primate (NHP) model for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant
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Engineering Cell Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases: From Preclinical to Clinical Proof of Concept. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Sangwook Oh, Aimee S Payne
Autoimmune diseases are caused by a dysfunction of the acquired immune system. In a subset of autoimmune diseases, B cells escaping immune tolerance present autoantigen and produce cytokines and/or autoantibodies, resulting in systemic or organ-specific autoimmunity. Therefore, B cell depletion with monoclonal Abs targeting B cell lineage markers is standard care therapy for several B cell-mediated
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Outstanding Features of COVID-19 Overlapping Primary Immunodeficiency in Children. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-04 Qi Jiang,Qian Yang,Man Man Niu,Peng Hu
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Omicron Subvariants, Including BA.4 and BA.5, Substantially Preserve T Cell Epitopes of Ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Kyemyung Park,Seung Jin Choi,Eui-Cheol Shin
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Why Should We Consider Potential Roles of Oral Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren Syndrome? Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Sung-Ho Chang, Sung-Hwan Park, Mi-La Cho, Youngnim Choi
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the salivary and lacrimal glands. The pathology of these exocrine glands is characterized by periductal focal lymphocytic infiltrates, and both T cell-mediated tissue injury and autoantibodies that interfere with the secretion process underlie glandular hypofunction. In addition to these adaptive mechanisms, multiple innate
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As a Modulator, Multitasking Roles of SIRT1 in Respiratory Diseases. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 Yunxin Zhou, Fan Zhang, Junying Ding
As far the current severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respiratory disease is still the biggest threat to human health. In addition, infectious respiratory diseases are particularly prominent. In addition to killing and clearing the infection pathogen directly, regulating the immune responses against the pathogens is also an important therapeutic modality. Sirtuins belong to NAD+-dependent
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Comparison of Waning Immunity Between Booster Vaccination and 2-Dose Vaccination With BNT162b2. Immune Netw. (IF 6.0) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Jiwon Jung,Ji Yeun Kim,Ji-Soo Kwon,Sung-Cheol Yun,Sung-Han Kim