Accumulating evidence indicates that over-stimulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) activity is associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-induced apoptosis, oxido-nitrosative neuroinflammatory stress and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alternatively, activation of the ACE2, the metalloprotease neprilysin (Neutral Endopeptidase; NEP) and the insulin-degrading

Immunological tolerance is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis. An imbalance between interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 (TH17) cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) is involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to induce T cell differentiation. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a monoterpene glucoside that is commonly used for treatment of autoimmune disease

Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC) is a bioactive natural phenylpropanoid. We evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic MTC in RAW264.7 macrophages and RAW264.7-3T3-L1 adipocytes co-culture. Levels of cytokines and chemokines, as well as NO and PGE2 in cell supernatants were analysed using ELISAs, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassays, respectively. In-cell cytoblot was used to assess levels

ischaemic stroke accounts for almost 11% of all deaths worldwide and has a high incidence of permanent disability among patients. Baicalein has many beneficial pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of baicalein is still unclear. The current study scrutinizes the neuroprotective effect of baicalein against the ischaemic/reperfusion

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Apart from usual treatments, approximately 50% of lupus patients use complementary medicine. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with various pharmacological properties. We hypothesised that prophylactic treatment with resveratrol may abrogate manifestations in pristane-induced murine model of lupus-like disease and piperine; a bio-enhancer

Chronic wounds may lead to the development of various pathological conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores. The current study evaluated wound healing and anti-inflammatory potentials of methanolic extract of Ephedra ciliata using series of in vivo models. Methanolic extract of Ephedra ciliata was prepared by maceration (Ec.Me). Qualitative and quantitative (HPLC) phytochemical and

Neutrophils are key players in the pathophysiological process underlying inflammatory conditions not only by release of tissue-damaging cytotoxic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also by secretion of important immunomodulatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we report the effects of the novel agent APPA, undergoing formal clinical development for treatment of osteoarthritis, and its constituent

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive form of breast cancer. The disease is characterized by rapid progression with approximately 50% of IBC patients to have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. HER2-positive IBC is associated with unfavourable prognosis and increased risk of brain metastasis. Ironically, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible scarring disease in the lung with limited treatment options. Therefore, it is critical to identify new therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to identify the effects of tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring dietary polyphenol, in a mouse model of PF. Bleomycin (BLM) was intratracheally administered to induce PF. Administration of TA significantly

Unfortunately, the 4th author name was incorrectly published in the original publication.

Gentianella acuta (G. acuta), as a folk medicine, was used to treat heart disease by the Ewenki people in Inner Mongolia. However, the effect of G. acuta on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not clear. To explore the mechanisms of G. acuta on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced AMI, rats were administered G. acuta for 28 days, then injected intraperitoneally with ISO (85 mg/kg) on days 29 and 30. An electrocardiogram

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to explore the inhibition efficacy of new synthetic coumarinolignans (SCLs) against the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in two in vivo models of inflammation. METHODS Four SCLs 1-4 were screened for their pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitory potential through oral administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse endotoxaemia

Metformin, a potent AMPK activator is the most commonly used drug for diabetes. According to recent reports, metformin lowers the risk of diabetic complications and inflammatory diseases. We found the expression levels of AMPK subunits including PRKAA1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1 and PRKAB2 are decreased in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients from multiple datasets. Interestingly, metformin treatment ameliorates

Cuphea aequipetala Cav (Lythraceae) is an herb used in folk treatment for pain and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of an ethanol extract from the leaves and stem of Cuphea aequipetala (CAE). The antinociceptive actions of CAE (10-200 mg/kg p.o.) were assessed with the acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests. The

Depression and anxiety are comorbid conditions in many neurological or psychopathological disorders. Stress is an underlying event that triggers development of anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Recent experimental data indicate that anxiety and depressive-like behaviors occurring as a result of stressful situations can cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which is characterized by inflammation

Inflammation and angiogenesis are two major contributors to tumourigenesis. Melilotus indicus is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of ethanolic extract of M. indicus (Miet) whole plant and its marker compound (coumarin) using a series of in vivo methods. Extraction by maceration was adopted

R-phenylpiracetam (R-PhP, (4R)-2-(4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide) is an optical isomer of phenotropil, a clinically-used nootropic drug that improves physical condition and cognition. Recently, R-PhP was shown to bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT). Since growing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the dopaminergic system is associated with persistent neuroinflammation, the aim of this

Paclitaxel use in cancer treatment is limited by a painful syndrome that has no effective treatment. Despite new therapies, drugs of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder remain a useful therapeutic tool for cancer pain relief. Since cancer pain is caused by both tumor and chemotherapy, we assessed the efficacy of drugs from the WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain relief in a paclitaxel-induced

Systematic reviews with meta-analyses are powerful instruments to synthesize research. If done correctly, they may constitute the highest level of evidence by combining several individual studies. As high-quality evidence is scarce in the field of complementary medicine, meta-analyses of randomized trials may shed new light on both efficacy and safety, but they must be properly conducted. In this commentary

Brachychiton populneus is one of the unexploited Tunisian plants, traditionally eaten as food and used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of the seeds, leaves and flowers from B. populneus using three different solvents and to explore their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Further, this study was focused on the identification

The classic NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB molecular pathways are activated in many inflammatory-related diseases, such as pleurisy. Because oridonin (Ori) has been indicated as a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammasome activity, we herein aimed to assess the effects of Ori in a mouse model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced pleurisy. The results showed that CAR caused hemorrhaging and exudation

OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a common cause of disability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to investigate the metabolic changes in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. METHODS Metabolic changes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS According to the principal component analysis

AIMS Activated microglia is known as a main mediator of inflammatory pain, but the possible mechanisms of its operation are poorly understood. Microglial cells have considered as one of the main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the CNS. PTEN is one of the important targets of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the main mediator of apoptotic cell death. In this study, we investigated the possible

Ferulic acid (FA), a hydroxycinnamic acid, is an organic compound found in several plant species. Previous studies have shown that FA contains anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic activity and possible mechanism(s) of action of FA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. The progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves

Clindamycin, a bacteriostatic semisynthetic lincosamide, is useful in the management of infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, including bacteremic pneumonia, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and sepsis. It has been recently demonstrated that clindamycin inhibits in vitro and in vivo inflammatory cytokine production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of clindamycin

Inflammation has a central role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. Both genetic and epigenetic factors have been implicated in the development of T2D-associated inflammation. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the function of several components of the immune system. Diabetic conditions trigger aberrant epigenetic alterations that contribute to the progression of insulin resistance

BACKGROUND Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is an anticoagulant that has recently been found benefit in the acute exacerbation stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But its efficacy is controversial. The objective of this paper is to compare the harm/benefit of LMWH combined with conventional therapy versus single conventional therapy in the acute exacerbation stage of COPD. METHODS

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease destroying the insulin-producing beta cells. Recently, stem cell therapy has been tested to treat T1D. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous infusion of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in an experimental model of diabetes, induced by multiple

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in synovium tissue of patients with RA using RNA sequencing, and to further assess the clinical values of dysregulated lncRNAs in RA diagnosis and monitoring. METHODS Thirty patients with RA who underwent knee arthroscopy and 30 controls with knee trauma who underwent surgery were consecutively enrolled and synovium

Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used as a folk remedy for inflammation and pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of an ethanol extract of Senna septemtrionalis aerial parts (SSE). The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of SSE were assessed using LPS-stimulated macrophages and the subsequent

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused by a variety of factors, including hereditary and environmental influences, that lead to dysfunction of the intestinal immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit important regulatory roles in relieving inflammation and repairing damaged tissues. Although neutrophils are important participants in the development of inflammatory reactions, they

INTRODUCTION Retinoic Acid Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor gamma T (RORγT) is a lineage specifying transcription factor for IL-17 expressing cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). VPR-254 is a selective in vitro inhibitor of RORγT. AIMS The main goals of our study were twofold: (1) To determine if ex vivo treatment with VPR-254 reduced relevant cytokine

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-system inflammatory disease associated with autoantibody formation. Clinical management of lupus is associated with multiple adverse events. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin with several pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the combinatorial effect of resveratrol (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) and its bio-enhancer piperine (1/10th dose

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can induce tissue injury involved in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as neurodegeneration observed in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist has beneficial effects in pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy, when administered within minutes of seizure to

Abstract Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases characterized by changes in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Objective To review the influence of the main drugs used in the treatment of SLE and RA on CAM levels. Methods A bibliographic search was performed using electronic databases. The research included human studies, in vivo or in vitro

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is prevalent in old age people and is one of the most common brain diseases. Brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial and cholinergic dysfunction are key features of the disease. In our study, streptozotocin (STZ) in a dose of 3 mg/kg was injected in male Wistar rats bilaterally through the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route

In Hawaiian traditional medicinal practices, the indigenous 'uhaloa, Waltheria indica var. Americana is one of the most recognized plants. Waltheria is also known in various cultures as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Results in human subjects and cell and animal models supported anti-inflammatory activity for the Waltheria flavonoid quercetin, and for crude plant extracts

Diabetic encephalopathy, a major complication of diabetes, is characterized by cognitive impairment and structural and neurochemical abnormalities. Neuroinflammation following impairment of iron homeostasis is a remarkable feature of several neurological disorders. In the present study, we investigated the role of deferoxamine (DFO), as a clinical iron chelator, in improvement of type 1 diabetes-induced

Acute lung injury (ALI)-triggered pulmonary injury has been associated with high mortality, despite advances in drug treatment and supportive therapy. Remarkable progress has been made in attenuating the inflammatory injury associated with ALI using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based cell and gene therapy. However, to date, the benefits of interleukin-35 (IL-35)-modified MSCs in ALI intervention have

Selenium is an essential immunonutrient which holds the human's metabolic activity with its chemical bonds. The organic forms of selenium naturally present in human body are selenocysteine and selenoproteins. These forms have a unique way of synthesis and translational coding. Selenoproteins act as antioxidant warriors for thyroid regulation, male-fertility enhancement, and anti-inflammatory actions

AIMS To explore the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (IV-TXA) on inflammation and immune response following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Primary TKA patients (n = 125) were randomized into the following four groups: group A to receive placebo; group B to receive a single dose of 20 mg kg-1 IV-TXA and 20 mg of intravenous dexamethasone (IV-DXM); group C to receive six doses of

Amlodipine, a second-generation calcium channel blocker, exhibits documented anti-inflammatory potential. Thereby, present investigation was accomplished with an aim to explore anti-arthritic potential of amlodipine, giving a second chance to an existing drug. For validation of anti-arthritic potential of amlodipine, some in vitro models comprised of bovine serum albumin- and egg albumin-induced protein

We aimed to determine the effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with changes in inflammasome-dependent and -independent inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS of mice. C57BL/6 mice were used to induce chronic EAE by using an injection of MOG35-55 peptide/PT

Arthritis can be defined as a painful musculoskeletal disorder that affects the joints. Hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) is a flavonoid with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, its effects on a specific cell type and in the zymosan-induced inflammation are unknown. We aimed at evaluating the effects of HMC in a zymosan-induced arthritis model. A dose-response curve of HMC

The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and evaluate the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 5-[1-(4-fluorphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-1H-tetrazole-(LQFM-096: a new triazole compound) as well as to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. The oral administration of LQFM-096 (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) decreased the number of writhing in mice. At the dose of 20 mg/kg, LQFM-096

BACKGROUND The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still being investigated. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of curcumin (Cur), a polyphenolic electrophile in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic colitis and mitochondrial dysfunction, in mice. METHODS Colitis was induced by rectal instillation to mice of 30

Resveratrol is found in numerous plant-based foods and beverages and is known to have an impact on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the vasorelaxant effect of resveratrol and its underlying mechanisms by employing an aortic ring assay model. Resveratrol caused relaxation of aortic rings that had been precontracted with phenylephrine in the presence of endothelium

In our article entitled "Moringa rivae leaf extracts attenuate Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats via modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers", we described the anti-arthritic effects of the plant leaves from Pakistan that we referred to as Moringa rivae (Saleem et al. 2019). Unfortunately, the identity of the plant material was incorrect. In fact, the plant

The causal and functional connection between inflammation and cancer has become a subject of much research interest. Modulation of cell signaling pathways, such as those involving mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and Wnt, and their outcomes play a fundamental role in inflammation and cancer. Activation

Globally, many people have been affected with atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease. AD is associated with multiple factors such as genetic, inflammatory, and immune factors. Bee venom (BV) is now widely used for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases. However, its effect on 5% phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced AD has not been reported yet. We investigated the anti-inflammatory

BACKGROUND There has been an extensive range of incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC), and the comprehensively available treatments for BC have not been completely successful in achieving satisfactory outcomes up to date. HYPOTHESIS Recently, we are watching intense attention paid to the utilization of natural compounds as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Quercetin, a dietary

Lung cancer has second highest rate of incidence and mortality around the world. Smoking cigarettes is the main stream cause of lung carcinogenesis along with other factors such as spontaneous mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The present study was aimed to identify the mechanistic role of Imatinib in the chemoprevention of experimental lung carcinogenesis in rat model. Gross morphological

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious and common complication following heart surgery. Cardiac surgery triggers inflammation in the heart and makes it susceptible to the incidence of AF. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce the rate of AF incidence in the post-surgery conditions. Immunosuppressant agents, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids), non-aspirin non-steroid anti-inflammatory

Genipin is one of the major component in Gardenis fruit, which has long been used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, such as colitis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of genipin on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Colitis was induced by giving 2.5% (wt/vol) DSS for 7 days. As the results show, DSS-induced body weight loss and colonic

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a type of transcriptional factor, is widely expressed in immune cells. The activation of AhR signaling pathway depends on its ligands, which exist in environment and can also be produced by metabolism. Normal expressions of AhR and AhR-mediated signaling may be essential for immune responses, and effects of AhR signaling on the development and function of innate and

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of preemptive analgesia of celecoxib on postoperative pain, patients' global assessment (PGA) and hip function recovery compared to postoperative analgesia of celecoxib in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients who underwent hip arthroscopy surgery (HAS). The 100 FAI patients underwent HAS were randomly allocated to preemptive analgesia group (N = 50) or postoperative

Unfortunately, the 4th author name was incorrectly published in the original article. The complete correct name is given below.

BACKGROUND Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) are considered a novel therapeutic tool in treating autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplantation reactions. Among numerous pharmacological immune modulators, dexamethasone (Dex) is known to induce potent tolerogenicity in DCs generated from human monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), and

Metformin (MET), a biguanide oral hypoglycaemic agent, recently has been shown to be effective in various conditions other than type-2 diabetes including cancer, stroke, weight reduction, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, to name a few. MET has also possessed antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties by activation of AMPK . This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of MET on lipopolysaccharide

Modulation of inhibitor kappa B kinase-beta (IKK-β) kinase activity could be useful for preventing inflammation that serves an efficient role in protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). IKK-β induces inflammation by activating transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB) through phosphorylation of IκB. Therefore, IKK-β is considered an interesting target for protecting and treating CVDs. The cardioprotective