Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. Severe leptospirosis is often accompanied by kidney dysfunction caused by chronic infection. The kidney pathology involves bacterial invasion and inflammation caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Human beta defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides induced by microbial infection and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. One function

Within the last decade, our understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has rapidly increased due to significant advances in next-generation sequencing technologies. Scientists have discovered more and more gut microbes with supposedly "beneficial" roles for human health and are starting to identify the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the latest

The possible myelosuppression side effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) on primary immune deficiency (PID) patients has not been established yet.

Barrier repair therapy is the key management approach for both eczematous and non-lesional skin of atopic dermatitis. The use of appropriate cleansers to enhance skin hydration is an adjunctive treatment that increases topical drug penetration. Anti-inflammatory properties of various medicinal plants in tropical Asia have been reported.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) are commonly found in patients receiving paclitaxel. Effects of paclitaxel vary because of variable co-therapy or re-challenge with paclitaxel.

It is difficult to differentiate between hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).

This article aims to review the literature regarding the immune response to fungi in diabetic patients with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were performed to include articles from 1988 to 2019 which assessed 'immune response to fungi in normal host', 'immune deficiency in diabetes mellitus', or 'immune response to fungi in diabetic

Rush venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the recommended treatment for patients with Hymenoptera anaphylaxis. Specific data regarding regulatory T cell and cytokine changes in children receiving rush VIT are sparse.

Management of allergic rhinitis with oral antihistamine and steroid nasal spray are the standard treatment which is recommended by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma guidelines. In addition, nasal irrigation as an adjuvant therapy also provides a satisfactory result.

Mold sensitization has been reported as a factor associated with severe asthma exacerbation (SAE).

Behçet's disease (BD) is an auto-inflammatory vasculitis characterized by aphthous oro-genital ulcers, inflammatory skin changes and uveitis. Treatment is mainly immunosuppressive. Interestingly, elevated endotheline-1 (ET-1) levels suggest a possible beneficial effect of treatment with an ET-1 receptor antagonist.

Chronic urticaria is a common distressing allergic skin disorder. Immune dysregulation, histamine release and mast cell degranulation are suggested as its underlying mechanisms.

Chronic rhinitis is a common co-existing disease with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Current evidence on intranasal steroid efficacy as a treatment modality is scarce.

Food allergy has an impact on the quality of life of both patients and caregivers. It is, therefore, important to have a native language survey to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQL) among food allergic children.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the allergic inflammation of nasal mucosa. Treatment of AR includes pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is indicated in inadequate disease control, patient's preference, or impossible allergen avoidance. SCIT is an effective treatment but its cost is comparatively high. Efficacy, patient perception, and cost of medication are rarely

There is limited data regarding pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) in Turkey.

Providing asthma education about controller medication use and appropriate management of asthma exacerbation are the keys to improving the disease outcome. Many asthma guidelines recommend that physicians provide written asthma action plan (WAAP) to all of their asthmatic patients. However, the benefit of WAAP is unclear. Thus, we have created a new WAAP which is simplified in Thai and more user friendly

Some caregivers who believe their children have food allergy avoid feeding certain foods to their children without proper allergy tests. Such actions made without a proper diagnosis can negatively impact the child's health and impose an unnecessary burden on the caregivers.

Many investigators have demonstrated that a large number of patients who experience anaphylaxis during anesthesia have a history of atopic disease or allergy to a specific substance. Here, we review a hypersensitivity reaction to ketamine in a nine-year-old child with a history of atopic disease.

The level of virulence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was higher than those of the other virus subtypes. It has been suggested that the nonstructural (NS) gene might be a factor contributing to H5N1 HPAI virulence.

Maternal allergic diseases have an important influence on the origin of allergic rhinitis (AR) in offspring, but the mechanism and the duration of the maternal effect are unknown. Previous researches prompted the important roles of Tregs and Foxp3 DNA methylation in the development of allergic diseases.

AnkGAG1D4 is an artificial ankyrin repeat protein which recognizes the capsid protein (CA) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and exhibits the intracellular antiviral activity on the viral assembly process. Improving the binding affinity of AnkGAG1D4 would potentially enhance the AnkGAG1D4-mediated antiviral activity.

Specific IgE against Solenopsis invicta (imported fire ant) remains the current diagnostic tool for allergy to ants worldwide. However, S. invicta may not be the only cause of ant anaphylaxis in Thai patients.

Measurement of viral load in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients is essential for the establishment of a therapeutic strategy. Several assays based on qPCR are available for the measurement of viral load; they differ in sample volume, technology applied, target gene, sensitivity and dynamic range. The Bioneer AccuPower® HIV-1 Quantitative RT-PCR is a novel commercial kit that

Although smallpox was completely eliminated by 1980, it remains possible that variola virus could be intentionally released in an act of bioterrorism. Thus, several studies have been performed to detect antibody levels after smallpox vaccination of the current population in various countries to indicate the duration of maintenance of immunological memory. Our study endeavored to investigate the level

Recent surveys have shown that many patients with asthma experience uncontrolled symptoms and decreased quality of life due to their disease. However, few large population-based studies have evaluated asthma control in Japanese children.

Avoidance of allergen exposure is an effective measure for preventing naÏve and allergic individuals from sensitization (primary intervention) and disease aggravation (secondary intervention), respectively. Regular monitoring of the allergens in the environment is required for the effective intervention. Thus, there is a need for cost-effective test kits for environmental allergen quantifications.

A proportion of cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease exhibit some histological features consistent with IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD). Several investigators have discussed whether Rosai-Dorfman disease belongs to the spectrum of IgG4RD or is concurrent with it by coincidence.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by defects in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzyme system. This disease causes the disordered functioning of phagocytic cells. It is characterized by life-threatening and/or recurrent infections by bacteria and fungi. CGD has both an X-linked recessive (X-CGD) and autosomal recessive (AR-CGD)

There are no studies on cross-reactivity of betalactams among patients allergic to penicillin, or on the negative predictive value (NPV) of penicillin allergy evaluation from Arabian Gulf countries.

Antileukotriene has been used for alleviating disease severity in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) and mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous study showed the relationship between urinary cysteinyl leukotriene E₄ (uLTE₄) level and therapeutic response to montelukast in asthmatic adults. However, this relationship has never been investigated in pediatric OSA.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and other atopic diseases often share some common genetic and pathogenic bases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci associated with atopic diseases, allergic sensitization and asthma in different populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these susceptibility loci were related to AD in Chinese Han population.

Same-day anti-HIV testing algorithm is recommended by Thai National Guidelines. We compared performance characteristics of algorithms used in a mobile clinic and a facility-based clinic for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok.

Children who are highly sensitive to milk may also have severe allergic reactions after exposure to cow's milk proteins(CMP) through a different administration route than the oral one. We describe the case of a 16-year-old Caucasian boy with a clinical history of persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA), who developed one episode of anaphylaxis following cutaneous application of a bovine colostrum containing

Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) are among the high-risk groups who are most vulnerable to HIV infection. Several illicit drugs alter host immune function with increased incidence of infections including that of HIV. Many studies of the immune response of NK cells in HIV-1 seronegative IVDUs and HIV-1 seropositive IVDUs have been published from the Western countries and yet no data is available from

The goals of asthma management aim to control the symptoms and minimize future risk. There is, however, an option to stop controller medication if the patient has been well-controlled for at least 6-12 months. To assess control, both clinical symptom assessment and lung function should be monitored periodically. In practical clinical practice of pediatric patients, lung function is not available at

Subtropical grass pollens of Bermuda (BGP), Johnson (JGP), and Para or buffalo grass (PGP), are common causes of pollen allergies in warm climate area. Allergic rhinitis (AR) patients had positive skin prick test (SPT) to extract of these 3 grass pollens. However, no allergenic proteins of 3 grass pollens have never been studied.

Several prospective studies have been conducted in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-related cutaneous reactions in Caucasian patients, but prospective studies in Asian populations are scarce.

Small airway hyperresponsiveness is a critical aspect in preschool children with asthmatic symptoms interms of asthma control. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship of changes in reactance (Xrs) and resistance (Rrs) of IOS and FEV1 with those in clinical parameters and to determine which IOS parameter is correlated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness before positive clinical endpoints

Buckwheat anaphylaxis is commonly recognized in Europe and Asia, and there is only one case reported in Taiwan so far. Here, we report a case of biphasic buckwheat anaphylaxis in a 57 year-old male patient who lost consciousness twice in the same day after having buckwheat noodles. The serum test shows that Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp)immunoglobulin E (IgE) (42.4 kU/L) and buckwheat-specific

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by the Leptospira interrogans. The hamster is considered a susceptible host while the mouse is resistant. The knowledge of hamster T cell immunity is limited compared to the mouse. The reason why the hamster and the mouse give different responses to leptospires remains unclear.

With the rising prevalence of allergic rhinitis, the utility of indoor environmental management deserves increasing scrutiny. This research aims at evaluating the ability of air purifiers to be a therapy of allergic rhinitis.

Targeting inflammatory macrophages and their products is an effective method for controlling inflammation. The pyrazole analog of curcumin (curcumin pyrazole, PYR) has been reported to possess superior anti-inflammatory activity to curcumin (CUR). However, the role of PYR anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages has not yet been elucidated.

There is a high and rising prevalence of many allergic diseases in the Asia Pacific, including Hong Kong (HK), which is unmatched by a commensurate provision of clinical allergy services.

The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) was developed to assess asthma control in children worldwide. A self-administered questionnaire for children translated into Thai language was used.

Aeroallergen sensitization may predict higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels.

Viral infections and hypersensitivities are commonly reported by Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) patients. Mast Cells (MC) uniquely mediate type 1 hypersensitivities and resolve viral infections via toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3).

Soluble CD147 (sCD147) is the shed form of membrane-bound CD147, which is involved in the regulation of cellular functions. The presence of sCD147 in body fluids is associated with several diseases.

Food allergy (FA) prevalence is increasing in pediatric liver transplantation (LT). However, the clinical course is still limited.

To evaluate long-term effectiveness of omalizumab in 'real-life' setting of Thai asthmatic patients.

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are proinflammatory lipid mediators that act on the type 1 cysLT receptor (CysLT1R) in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). GPR17, a G protein-coupled orphan receptor with homology to the cysLT receptors, has been proposed as a damage sensor during inflammation. However, the expression and correlation of GPR17 and CysLT1R in eosinophilic

Flooding may affect aeroallergen sensitization.

Eggplant allergy is rare and most of the previously described reactions were mild. In this case report, we present an interesting case of a 27-year-old male who experienced symptoms of anaphylaxis (shortness of breath, and swelling of the face, lips and tongue, which was followed by hypotension, tachycardia of 140/min and a sudden loss of consciousness) several minutes after eating a dish containing

Diagnostic tools to identify allergens that cause allergic symptom is important part in the care of allergic patients. Detection of causative allergen can be performed by in vivo skin prick test (SPT) or in vitro tests for detection serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). The common methods used are fluorescent enzyme assay and immunoblotting assay.

Plaque size is a common feature of viral characterization. Small plaque size is used as a marker of attenuation for live-attenuated vaccine development.

Although wheezing is very common in preschoolers, epidemiologic studies in Thailand are quite limited. The likelihood of having a second wheezing episode following the first attack remains unclearly established.

Recent data suggested that imbalance in gut microbiota and gastrointestinal inflammation are associated with the childhood allergic disease. Fecal calprotectin has been used for a non-invasive marker of gut inflammation.

Intramuscular epinephrine is the first line drug in the treatment of anaphylaxis. This study was to identify the appropriateness of 1 inch needle length for epinephrine prefilled syringes in children.

Previous studies indicate high prevalence of liver diseases in HIV-infected patients, and their genetic risk factors are still unclear. The chemokine CXCL12 plays important roles in development of chronic liver injury and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G to A change at position 801 in CXCL12 gene has been demonstrated to affect CXCL12 production levels.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare disease characterized by eruption recurrence in the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle. As synthetic progesterones are increasingly used for assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) for infertility or prevention of abortion, cases of dermatitis caused by exogenous progesterone have been reported.