Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory reaction of pancreatic tissue self-digestion, edema, hemorrhage, and even necrosis after the activation of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas caused by a variety of etiologies. This study was aimed to explore the functions and mechanism of Wip1 in AP. Twenty male SD rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups (control group: saline treatment; AP group: cerulein

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory, complicated pancreatic disease, carrying significant morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AP pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of FOXF1 adjacent non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in AP progression. Caerulein with or without LPS- induced or taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/pulmonary emphysema is driven by the dysregulated airway inflammation and primarily influenced by the interaction between cigarette smoking (CS) and the individual’s susceptibility. The inflammation in COPD involves both innate and adaptive immunity. By binding to its specific ligands, chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays an important role in regulating tissue

Inflammation is an immune response to exogenous or endogenous insults that helps to maintain the tissue homeostasis under stressful conditions. Depending on the differential types of insults, inflammation is classified into microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, allergic, and physical inflammation. With regard to its involvement in the pathogenesis of most of human diseases, dissecting the key molecules

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is an important contributor to the cerebral ischemic injury. Sappanone A (SA), a kind of natural homoisoflavanone extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L, has been evidenced to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The present study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of SA in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The potential neuroprotective

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inflammation-related disease. CHRFAM7A can regulate inflammatory responses. Therefore, the present study investigated the mechanism of CHRFAM7A in cerebral I/R injury. CHRFAM7A expression and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with cerebral I/R injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-treated microglia were detected. The proliferation

Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is widely distributed in the nervous and non-cholinergic immune systems. It is necessary for the cholinergic transmitter to participate in the regulation of inflammatory response and is the key element of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Because of the profound impact of CAP on the immune system, α7nAChR is considered as a potential therapeutic

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease with strong genetic influence, especially upon immune response components. Several cytokines from the toll-like receptors activation pathway display recognized role for RA establishment. However, few studies have verified the role of key mediators such as MYD88 gene and its genetic variants. In the present study, we aim to evaluate

Progesterone has been shown to regulate immunity during pregnancy, and progesterone administration may reduce inflammation-induced preterm labor. We sought to determine the maternal brain immune response to LPS-induced inflammation in pregnant and non-pregnant mice and whether additional progesterone supplementation attenuates this response. Pregnant (P: n = 9) and non-pregnant mice (NP: n = 9) were

The present study is focused on the modulation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced inflammatory response by poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) in macrophages. Flow cytometric and confocal microscopy studies indicated that both BCG and AF-SWCNTs were efficiently internalized by RAW 264.7 and MH-S macrophage cell lines and were essentially localized in the cytoplasmic

Tadalafil (TAD) is primarily a treatment drug for erectile dysfunction. Studies have shown that TAD has a therapeutic effect on prostatitis, but the specific mechanism has not been reported. LPS induced RWPE-1 cells to form a model of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). Cell activity was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression

Inflammation theory has suggested that the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI) involves the steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3). Therefore, we investigated the role of SRC-3 in the muscles of the small intestine using a mouse POI model. Here, we reported that intestinal manipulation (IM) significantly reduced the extent of phenol red migration in the entire gastrointestinal tract, and the

Arthritis is characterized by irreversible joint destruction and presents a global health burden. Natural alternatives to synthetic drugs have been gaining popularity for their safety and effectiveness. Juglanin has demonstrated a range of anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues and cell types. However, the pharmacological function of Juglanin in arthritis and chondrocytes has been little studied

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory chronic colitis disease with the particularly complex cause. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be related to the development of UC. LncRNA MEG3 has been proved to play an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases, which share similar pathogenesis with UC, indicating the potential involvement of lncRNA MEG3 in UC

To study the effects of betulin (BE) on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, electrocardiogram (ECG) was detected by an electrocardiograph; myocardial infarction was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining, serum biochemical indicators myocardial enzymes creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione

Macrophages not only play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but they also play a major role in preserving intestinal homeostasis. In this work, we evaluated the role of macrophages in IBD and investigated whether the functional reprogramming of macrophages to a very specific phenotype could decrease disease pathogenesis. Thus, macrophages were stimulated in

Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) possesses high mortality. Exosomes present in serum have potential application value in ACI diagnosis. This study investigated the mechanism of serum exosomes in ACI. Serum exosomes isolated from ACI patients and normal people were identified and then injected into the established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model to evaluate cerebral injury and inflammation

Wheat is a major diet from many years; apart from its nutritious value, the wheat protein gliadin is responsible for many inflammatory diseases like celiac disease (CD), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). In this study, the gliadin-induced inflammation and associated cellular damage along with the protective role of curcumin was evaluated using human intestinal cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01402-x

The original version of this article contained mistakes, and the authors would like to correct them.

Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause complicated urinary tract infections especially in people with indwelling catheters which may result in pyelonephritis. Microorganisms in biofilm demonstrate high resistance to both antibiotics and host protection mechanisms, often resulting in chronic and difficult-to-treat infections. This study is aimed to assess in vivo and ex vivo efficacy of Zingerone

Studies have found that N-myc downstream–regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the specific mechanism still remains unclear. Gene expression profiles in the tibial joints of the collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis model were obtained using Gene Expression Omnibus database. Western blot and real-time PCR were respectively performed to determine

Lycopodii herba (SJC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of dispelling wind and eliminating dampness (a therapeutic principle and method of traditional Chinese medicine for rheumatoid arthritis), relaxing tendon and activating collaterals. However, the major effective components and its therapeutic mechanism were unclear. In this study, different SJC samples with slightly different compositions

In order to investigate efficacy of FGF21 combine dexamethasone (Dex) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) meanwhile reduce side effects of dexamethasone. We used combination therapy (Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.25 mg/kg, Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.5 mg/kg or Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 1 mg/kg) and monotherapy (Dex 15 mg/kg or FGF21 1 mg/kg) to treat CIA mice induced by chicken type II collagen, respectively. The effects

Excessive amounts of air can enter the lungs and cause air embolism (AE)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Pulmonary AE can occur during diving, aviation, and iatrogenic invasive procedures. AE-induced lung injury presents with severe hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, microvascular hyper-permeability, and severe inflammatory responses. Pulmonary AE-induced ALI is a serious complication resulting in significant

Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is an acute clinical disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor TAK-242 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced explosive hepatitis and explore in vivo and in vitro mechanisms. Mice were pretreated with TAK-242 for 3 h prior to LPS (10 μg/kg)/D-GalN

Downregulating miR-217-5p could protect cardiomyocytes against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its role in restoring mitochondrial function of I/R-injured cardiomyocytes remained unclear. H9C2 cardiomyocyte-derived cell line with I/R injury was established in vitro on the basis of hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model. Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry

Similar to other immune-mediated diseases, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is the disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to external or endogenous antigens. In the present study, it was confirmed that MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) antibodies (IgG, IgG4, and IgM) were detected by immunofluorescence (IFA) in serum of the patients with IgG4-RD. In vivo, the levels of

In early-stage sepsis, glucose metabolism is increased primarily through glycolysis in the inflammatory response of M1 macrophages. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) has been linked to sepsis, which can promote macrophage activation and inflammatory factor release. However, the mechanism by which glucose metabolism regulates the inflammatory response is unclear. We show that HBP contributes to sepsis by

The Editor has retracted this article [1] because there are concerns about the scientific validity of the study and undeclared conflicts of interest.

The inflammatory response involving interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been thought to play an important role in the development of late-phase sepsis. However, in this study, we wanted to explore the possibility of using IL-1β to improve the prognosis of sepsis by triggering local differentiation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) into regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, thereby reversing the immune paralysis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been considered a Th2- and Th17-related disease. However, anti-IL-12/23 p40 antibody, which blocks Th1 and Th17 cell induction and maintenance, has shown efficacy in treating UC, suggesting that UC might not be a prototypical Th2 and Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. To verify how the immune responses in UC patients interact with each other, we analyzed the cytokine

There are more than 80 kinds of autoimmune diseases known at present, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as other disorders. Autoimmune diseases have a characteristic of immune responses directly attacking own tissues, leading to systematic inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. B cells play

Recent data has signaled that in addition to its therapeutic indications as antidepressant and analgesic, amitriptyline (AM) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in humans and experimental animal models of acute inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that this compound could also modulate the chronic inflammatory process induced by synthetic matrix in mice. Polyether-polyurethane sponge disks were implanted

The widespread occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The S spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a functional “receptor” and then enters into host cells to replicate and damage host cells and organs. ACE2 plays a pivotal role in the inflammation, and its downregulation

Sepsis is an inflammatory disease characterized by dysregulation of inflammation. Macrophage-mediated inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Itaconate is a metabolite produced in activated macrophages which has anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of a cell-permeable itaconate derivative dimethyl itaconate on inflammation

After publication of our article [1], we found that the second images in the first row in Figure 2a were inadvertently replaced with the first image in Figure 2a.

Gefitinib (Iressa), is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), used in the targeted treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Skin toxicity is the major adverse effect observed in patients treated with EGFR-targeted TKIs such as gefitinib and erlotinib. To date, a corresponding skin animal model has not been established

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of luteolin (Lu) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)–induced colitis in mice. Mice spleen was weighed. The length of colon was measured. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon in mice. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and intestine of mice were detected by commercial kits. Serum and intestinal cytokines

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common complication of sepsis with a high mortality rate. In this study, we focus on the renal injury caused by the immune response of renal tubular epithelial cells and inflammation-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. We studied the role of GRP120 in the inflammation and apoptosis of human renal cell line HK-2 and mouse primary renal tubular epithelial

Acute liver injury (ALI) refers to abnormalities in liver function caused by various causes and accompanied by poor prognosis and high mortality. Common predisposing factors for the disease are viral hepatitis, bacteria, alcohol, and certain hepatotoxic drugs. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are critical for the pathogenesis of ALI. Pterostilbene (Pte), a natural polyphenol product extracted

Cohousing of sick with healthy or treated animals is based on the concept of sharing an intestinal ecosystem and coprophagy, the consumption of feces, which includes sharing of the microbiome and of active drug metabolites secreted in the feces or urine. To develop a model for short-term cohousing, enabling the study of the effect of sharing an ecosystem on inflammatory states. To determine the impact

High-fat diet (HFD) alters the gut microbiota and its fermentation products mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate is well studied as a regulator of host metabolism and inflammation while acetate and propionate still need to be studied. Therefore, we aim to decipher the role of acetate and propionate alone and in combination in HFD-induced diabetic mice. HFD was given to mice for 4 months

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. A close relationship exists between inflammation and pain. Estrogen can affect inflammation and may play a crucial role in IDD and pain. Substance P (SP) can also regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of SP in estrogen regulation

Severe inflammation can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which has high mortality. Adipose-derived stem cells have been shown to affect the inflammatory response of macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory capacity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) remains to be understood. In the present study, a macrophage inflammation model was established by LPS, and

Autophagy exerts its dual role in eukaryotic cells and exerts its cytoprotective action through degradation mechanism and by regulating catabolic processes which results in elimination of pathogens. Under suitable conditions, autophagy is associated with recycling of cytoplasmic components which causes regeneration of energy whereas deregulated autophagy exerts its implicated role in development and

Liraglutide, one of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, has been demonstrated to protect brain damage produced by ischemic stroke. However, it remains unknown whether liraglutide attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The present study was performed to explore the effect of liraglutide on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, and further

The potential risk associated with ACP nanoparticles (ACP NPs) cultured with immune cells and their indirect effects on osteogenesis have not been studied deeply. This project aims to evaluate the safety of ACP NPs in macrophages, the responses of macrophages (macrophage polarization, the cytokine secretion pattern of macrophages and intracellular homeostasis) to ACP NPs and the effect of ACP NPs/

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who have mutated phagocyte NADPH oxidase are susceptible to infections due to reduced reactive oxygen species production and exhibit autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the absence of evident infection. Neutrophils and macrophages have been extensively studied since phagocyte NADPH oxidase is mainly found only in them, while the impact of its deficiency

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence of about 1% in which genetic and environmental risk factors both participate in performance of disease. Though several studies contributed in identifying its etiology and pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To date, so as palliative for RA, cure strategies are still popular. Hypoxia and oxidative

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a clinical syndrome of brain dysfunction secondary to sepsis, which is characterized by long-term neurocognitive deficits such as memory, attention, and executive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying SAE remain unclear. By using transcriptome sequencing approach, we showed that hippocampal S100A9 was significantly increased in sepsis induced by cecal

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Recent reports have shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system in inflammatory diseases such as MS. In this study, the cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model was used to investigate

Heterophragma adenophyllum is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used as anti-inflammatory and to relief muscular tension. In the current research, four isolated constitutes namely lapacho (1), peshawaraquinone (2), indanone derivatives (3), α-lapachone (4) of H. adenophyllum were tested for anti-inflammatory effect using the carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw edema paradigm. The tested

The objective was to investigate the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) on T helper (Th) 17 cells by observing the effects of EEN on colon and serum interleukin (IL)-17A levels in juvenile inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rat models and to reveal the potential mechanism of the therapeutic effect of EEN on IBD. ATNBS-induced IBD rat model was established. Feeding Peptison, a type of enteric

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) is a common complication of hospitalized patients, often leading to unacceptable mortality. Limited effective treatment or diagnosis biomarkers are available and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The miR-30c-5p is considered as a critical mediator of kidney diseases and aberrantly decreased in patients with SAKI, while the mechanism is still unclear

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the secreted isoform of an intracellular actin remodeling protein found in high concentrations in human plasma. Clinical studies demonstrate reduced pGSN concentrations in several disease states, including severe trauma, burns, and sepsis. Markedly decreased pGSN concentrations in these conditions precede and predict adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we measured pGSN

Inflammation is a complex biological process which alters the normal physiological function of the immune system resulting in an abnormal microenvironment that leads to several clinical complications. The process of inflammation is mediated through various intracellular signaling factors inside the cells. Apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an inflammation-derived kinase that controls the

Sex differences in the immune response can also affect the febrile response, particularly the fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, other pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as zymosan A (Zym) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), also induce fever in male rats with a different time course of cytokine release and different mediators such as endothelin-1 (ET-1). This