Here we announce the first part of an exciting new series of reviews exploring the impact of immunometabolism in the interaction between host and pathogen, and in the outcome of infection. This collection discusses the links between metabolism and epigenetic control of cell function, post‐translation modifications of host proteins that determine protein fate and host cell function, the metabolic determinants

Binding prediction tools are commonly used to identify peptides presented on MHC class II molecules. Recently, a wealth of data in the form of naturally eluted ligands has become available and discrepancies between ligand elution data and binding predictions have been reported. Quantitative metrics for such comparisons are currently lacking. In this study, we assessed how efficiently MHC class II binding

Upon activation, naïve CD4+ T‐helper (Th) cells differentiate into distinct Th effector cell lineages depending on the local cytokine environment. However, these polarized Th cells can also adapt their function and phenotype depending on the changing cytokine environment, demonstrating functional plasticity. Here, Th17 cells, which play a critical role in host protection from extracellular pathogens

As a distinctive population of leucocytes, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) participate in immune‐mediated diseases and play crucial roles in tissue remodelling after injury. ILC lineages can be divided into helper ILCs and cytotoxic ILCs. Most helper ILCs are integrated into the fabric of tissues and produce different types of cytokines involving in the pathogenesis of many kinds of cardiovascular disease

In the face of ineffective vaccines, increasing antibiotic resistance, and the decline in new antibacterial drugs in the pipeline, tuberculosis (TB) still remains pandemic. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes TB, either results in direct elimination of the pathogen, most likely by the innate immune system, or infection and containment that requires both innate and adaptive immunity

Traumatic injury initiates a large and complex immune response in the minutes after the initial insult, comprising of simultaneous pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. In patients that survive the initial injury, these immune responses are believed to contribute towards complications such as the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. These post‐traumatic complications affect

Basophils are known for their role in allergic inflammation which makes them suitable targets in allergy diagnostics such as the basophil activation test (BAT) and the microfluidic immunoaffinity basophil activation test (miBAT). Beside their role in allergy, basophils have an immune modulatory role in both innate and adaptive immunity. To accomplish this mission, basophils depend on the capability

Excessive and dysregulated inflammation is known to contribute to disease progression. HSP90 is an intracellular chaperone known to regulate inflammatory processes including the the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)‐1β. Here, primarily using an in vitro inflammasome ASC speck assay, and an in vivo model of murine peritonitis, we tested the utility of

Antibodies that bind complement components were first identified over 30 years ago. Investigations into their functions in animal models motivated clinical studies that have now generated licensed products and a strong pipeline of future therapeutics. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of one of the first effective C5‐binding antibodies, BB5.1, were not known. Here, we report a new study that reveals

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a novel coronavirus strain. Some studies suggest that COVID‐19 could be an immune‐related disease, and failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of viral infection contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue damage, leading to worse disease outcomes. T cells can act as a double‐edge sword with both pro‐ and anti‐roles in

Memory T cells respond rapidly in part because they are less reliant on heightened levels of costimulatory molecules. This enables rapid control of secondary infecting pathogens but presents challenges to efforts to control or silence memory CD4 T cells, for example in antigen specific tolerance strategies for autoimmunity. We have examined the transcriptional and functional consequences of re‐activating

Our world is changing fast. Microbes, once considered our adversaries, are now recognized as partners. Well, not all microbes, but a vast number that live in the unique niches of our bodies and, in particular, the gut. Recently, we have come to appreciate how our normal microbiota contribute to our health, and how disruption of this partnership can open the way for disease (both infectious and non‐infectious)

Retraction: Emoto, M., Shimizu, T., Koike, H., Yoshizawa, I., Hurwitz, R., Kaufmann, S.H.E. and Emoto, Y. (2010), Dissociated expression of natural killer 1.1 and T‐cell receptor by invariant natural killer T cells after interleukin‐12 receptor and T‐cell receptor signalling. Immunology, 129: 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03148.x

Inflammation in psoriasis is driven through the IL‐23/IL‐17 pathway. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines in the pathway have proven highly effective and are widely used in clinical practice. There is still much to learn, however, about how these pathogenic responses are controlled, particularly with respect to the highly immunologically active molecules produced by the inflamed skin tissue itself

In the article of Ono,1 the author would like to add the following affiliation. International Research Centre for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. The author would also like to add the research funding from JSPS KAKENHI to the Acknowledgements section on page 34. The updated Acknowledgement section with the correct funding information is shown below.

In the following article,1 there were two references that were missed out and should have been cited in the text and added to the references. 1. Botting, RA, Haniffa M. The developing immune network in human prenatal skin. Immunology 2020; 160: 149–56. This should have been cited in the following text on page 104, first column, line 6 and added to references. “With this in mind, Bottling and Haniffa

Nearly everyone is interested, having been taken unawares, by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the coronavirus currently causing a pandemic. The imminent emergence of an infective pandemic had been foreseen by viral ecologists such as Nathan Wolfe, who had actually proposed a coronavirus as the most likely candidate.1 COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become a household

In the following article1, there is an error in the Abstract: The fourth sentence, ‘Interleukin 10 receptor antagonist production was increased upon activation of TLR10 ex vivo after BCG vaccination, and TLR10 protein expression on monocytes was increased after BCG vaccination, whereas anti‐TLR10 antibodies did not significantly modulate β‐glucan or BCG‐induced trained immunity in vitro .’ Should have