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Level of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 activity is highly elevated in old-aged patients with aortic stenosis: implications for ACE2 as a biomarker for the severity of COVID-19 Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Miklós Fagyas, Attila Kertész, Ivetta Mányiné Siket, Viktor Bánhegyi, Bertalan Kracskó, Andrea Szegedi, Miklós Szokol, Gusztáv Vajda, Ildikó Rácz, Hajnalka Gulyás, Noémi Szkibák, Vivienn Rácz, Zoltán Csanádi, Zoltán Papp, Attila Tóth, Sándor Sipka
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high mortality in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. The cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), thereby implicating a link between cardiovascular diseases and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Aortic stenosis (AS) represents a chronic inflammatory state
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Dynamics of leukocyte telomere length in adults aged 50 and older: a longitudinal population-based cohort study Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Zhezhou Huang, Chazhen Liu, Ye Ruan, Yanfei Guo, Shuangyuan Sun, Yan Shi, Fan Wu
It is well established from previous cross-sectional studies that telomeres shorten with age. However, due to a considerable inter-individual variation in telomere length (TL), its relationship with biological aging is difficult to unpick. Longitudinal repeated assessments of TL changes within individuals should augment our understanding of TL dynamics in aging. This study disentangles within- and
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Associations of muscle lipid content with physical function and resistance training outcomes in older adults: altered responses with metformin Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Douglas E. Long, Bailey D. Peck, Steven C. Tuggle, Alejandro G. Villasante Tezanos, Samuel T. Windham, Marcas M. Bamman, Philip A. Kern, Charlotte A. Peterson, Rosicka G. Walton
Preserving muscle mass and strength is critical for long-term health and longevity. Age-related muscle lipid accumulation has been shown to be detrimental to muscle health. In healthy older individuals, we sought to determine whether muscle lipid content, determined from computed tomography, is associated with self-reported physical function, laboratory-measured performance, and the response to progressive
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Longevity pathways in stress resistance: targeting NAD and sirtuins to treat the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Carrie A. Sims, Hanna E. Labiner, Sohini S. Shah, Joseph A. Baur
Stress resistance correlates with longevity and this pattern has been exploited to help identify genes that can influence lifespan. Reciprocally, genes and pharmacological agents that have been studied primarily in the context of longevity may be an untapped resource for treating acute stresses. Here we summarize the evidence that targeting SIRT1, studied primarily in the context of longevity, can
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Age-associated difference in circulating ACE2, the gateway for SARS-COV-2, in humans: results from the InCHIANTI study Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Majd AlGhatrif, Toshiko Tanaka, Ann Zenobia Moore, Stefania Bandinelli, Edward G. Lakatta, Luigi Ferrucci
Levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the gateway for COVID-19 virus into the cells, have been implicated in worse COVID-19 outcomes associated with aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data on age-associated differences in circulating ACE2 levels in humans and the role of CVD and medications is limited. We analyzed data from 967 participants of the InCHIANTI study, a community-dwelling
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Cerebral hemodynamics in obesity: relationship with sex, age, and adipokines in a cohort-based study Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Oscar Ayo-Martin, Jorge García-García, Francisco Hernández-Fernández, Mercedes Gómez-Hontanilla, Isabel Gómez-Fernández, Carolina Andrés-Fernández, Cristina Lamas, José Joaquín Alfaro-Martínez, Francisco Botella, Tomás Segura
Overweight and obesity are well-known independent risk factors for stroke in the general population although uncertain in the case of the elderly, according to the obesity paradox. Little is known about underlying mechanisms. Our study aims to assess whether there is a relationship between excess body weight (measured as waist circumference) and poor cerebral hemodynamics (measured by transcranial
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Effects of 16 months of high intensity resistance training on thigh muscle fat infiltration in elderly men with osteosarcopenia Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Mansour Ghasemikaram, Oliver Chaudry, Armin M. Nagel, Michael Uder, Franz Jakob, Wolfgang Kemmler, Matthias Kohl, Klaus Engelke
Osteosarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decline in muscle function and bone strength and associated with muscle fat accumulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term high intensity resistance training (HIRT) on thigh muscle fat infiltration in older men with osteosarcopenia. Forty-three community-dwelling men (72 years and older) were randomly assigned to either an exercise
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Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and miR-21 antagonism attenuates macrophage-mediated inflammation in ischemia reperfusion injury of the aged kidney Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Sathnur Pushpakumar, Sourav Kundu, Gregory Weber, Utpal Sen
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the aging population. A reduction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the old kidney and renal IRI contribute to renal pathology and injury. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of AKI and a significant crosstalk exists between H2S and miRs. Among the miRs, miR-21
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SMAD4 mutations and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ signaling accelerate rates of DNA damage and cellular senescence, resulting in a segmental progeroid syndrome—the Myhre syndrome Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai, Deyin Hou, Jiaming Zhang, Xiaomeng Yang, Goli Compoginis, Takayasu Mori, Tamara Tchkonia, George M. Martin, Fuki M. Hisama, James L. Kirkland, Junko Oshima
SMAD4 encodes a member of the SMAD family of proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Potentially heritable, autosomal dominant, gain-of-function heterozygous variants of SMAD4 cause a rare developmental disorder, the Myhre syndrome, which is associated with a wide range of developmental and post-developmental phenotypes that we now characterize as a novel segmental progeroid syndrome. Whole-exome
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Access to females and early life castration individually extend maximal but not median lifespan in male mice Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Michael Garratt, Heather Try, Robert C. Brooks
Investment in reproduction is predicted to accelerate ageing, but the link between reproductive investment and lifespan can be sex- and context-specific. In mammals, female reproductive costs are linked to pregnancy and lactation, but in males substantial reproductive allocation is required for a range of pre- and post-copulatory reproductive traits. Such traits include male-specific increased body
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T cell–depleted cultured pediatric thymus tissue as a model for some aspects of human age-related thymus involution Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Laura P. Hale, Lynn Cheatham, Andrew N. Macintyre, Bonnie LaFleur, Brittany Sanders, Jesse Troy, Joanne Kurtzberg, Gregory D. Sempowski
Human age-related thymus involution is characterized by loss of developing thymocytes and the thymic epithelial network that supports them, with replacement by adipose tissue. The mechanisms that drive these changes are difficult to study in vivo due to constant trafficking to and from the thymus. We hypothesized that the loss of thymocytes that occurs during human thymic organ cultures could model
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Progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in young-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer’s disease Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Melisa Gumus, Namita Multani, Michael L. Mack, Maria Carmela Tartaglia
Young-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease has different clinical presentations with late-onset presenting most often with memory deficits while young-onset often presents with a non-amnestic syndrome. However, it is unknown whether there are differences in presentation and progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in young- versus late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. We aimed to investigate differences
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Morbidity compression or expansion? A temporal analysis of the age at onset of non-communicable diseases in India Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Sanjay K. Mohanty, Justin Rodgers, Rajeev R. Singh, Radhe Shyam Mishra, Rockli Kim, Junaid Khan, Priyamadhaba Behera, S. V. Subramanian
While there is evidence of morbidity compression in many countries, temporal patterns of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries, such as India, are less clear. Age at onset of disease offers insights to understanding epidemiologic trends and is a key input for public health programs. Changes in age at onset and duration of major NCDs were estimated for 2004 (n = 38,044) and 2018 (n = 43
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Decreased parenchymal arteriolar tone uncouples vessel-to-neuronal communication in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Ki Jung Kim, Juan Ramiro Diaz, Jessica L. Presa, P. Robinson Muller, Michael W. Brands, Mohammad B. Khan, David C. Hess, Ferdinand Althammer, Javier E. Stern, Jessica A. Filosa
Chronic hypoperfusion is a key contributor to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions, but the cellular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we sought to elucidate chronic hypoperfusion-evoked functional changes at the neurovascular unit. We used bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), a well-established model of vascular cognitive impairment, combined
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Fasting and fasting-mimicking diets for chemotherapy augmentation Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Sebastian Brandhorst
The increasingly older population in most developed countries will likely experience aging-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart and lung diseases, osteoporosis, arthritis, dementia, and/or cancer. Genetic and environmental factors, but also lifestyle choices including physical activity and dietary habits, play essential roles in disease onset and progression. Sixty-five
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Endothelin B receptor dysfunction mediates elevated myogenic tone in cerebral arteries from aged male Fischer 344 rats Geroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Alexander P. Young, Jiequan Zhu, Amina M. Bagher, Eileen M. Denovan-Wright, Susan E. Howlett, Melanie E.M. Kelly
The human brain requires adequate cerebral blood flow to meet the high demand for nutrients and to clear waste products. With age, there is a chronic reduction in cerebral blood flow in small resistance arteries that can eventually limit proper brain function. The endothelin system is a key mediator in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, but the contributions of its constituent receptors in the
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ACE2/ACE imbalance and impaired vasoreparative functions of stem/progenitor cells in aging Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-27 S. Joshi, K. Chittimalli, J. Jahan, G. Vasam, Y. P. Jarajapu
Aging increases risk for ischemic vascular diseases. Bone marrow–derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are known to stimulate vascular regeneration. Activation of either the Mas receptor (MasR) by angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) or angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) stimulates vasoreparative functions in HSPCs. This study tested if aging is associated with decreased ACE2 expression
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Towards resolving the enigma of the dichotomy of resveratrol: cis - and trans- resveratrol have opposite effects on TyrRS-regulated PARP1 activation Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Megha Jhanji, Chintada Nageswara Rao, Mathew Sajish
Unlike widely perceived, resveratrol (RSV) decreased the average lifespan and extended only the replicative lifespan in yeast. Similarly, although not widely discussed, RSV is also known to evoke neurite degeneration, kidney toxicity, atherosclerosis, premature senescence, and genotoxicity through yet unknown mechanisms. Nevertheless, in vivo animal models of diseases and human clinical trials demonstrate
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Senescent cell accumulation mechanisms inferred from parabiosis Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Omer Karin, Uri Alon
Senescent cells are growth-arrested cells that cause inflammation and play a causal role in aging. They accumulate with age, and preventing this accumulation delays age-related diseases. However, the mechanism for senescent cell accumulation is not fully understood. Accumulation can result from increasing production or decreasing removal of senescent cells with age, or both. To distinguish between
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Is impaired dopaminergic function associated with mobility capacity in older adults? Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Simon Moskowitz, David W. Russ, Leatha A. Clark, Nathan P. Wages, Dustin R. Grooms, Adam J. Woods, Julie Suhr, Janet E. Simon, Andrew O’Shea, Cody R. Criss, Paolo Fadda, Brian C. Clark
The capacity to move is essential for independence and declines with age. Slow movement speed, in particular, is strongly associated with negative health outcomes. Prior research on mobility (herein defined as movement slowness) and aging has largely focused on musculoskeletal mechanisms and processes. More recent work has provided growing evidence for a significant role of the nervous system in contributing
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Thyroid hormone signaling is associated with physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of oldest-old: results from the Mugello study Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Angelo Di Iorio, Roberto Paganelli, Michele Abate, Giovanni Barassi, Alex Ireland, Claudio Macchi, Raffaele Molino-Lova, Francesca Cecchi
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of muscle function, such as myogenesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that the thyroid may be also involved in the entropic processes of muscle aging. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of TH signaling on physical performance, muscle mass, and strength in a cohort of community-dwelling oldest-old subjects (> 90 years)
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Biomarkers and phenotypic expression in Alzheimer’s disease: exploring the contribution of frailty in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Marco Canevelli, Ivan Arisi, Ilaria Bacigalupo, Andrea Arighi, Daniela Galimberti, Nicola Vanacore, Mara D’Onofrio, Matteo Cesari, Giuseppe Bruno
The present study aimed at investigating if the main biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology and their association with cognitive disturbances and dementia are modified by the individual’s frailty status. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
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Characterization of the plasma proteomic profile of frailty phenotype Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Kristina Landino, Toshiko Tanaka, Giovanna Fantoni, Julián Candia, Stefania Bandinelli, Luigi Ferrucci
Frailty is a risk factor for poor health outcomes in older adults. The aim of this study was to identify plasma proteomic biomarkers of frailty in 752 men and women older than 65 years of age from the InCHIANTI study. One thousand three hundred one plasma proteins were measured using an aptamer-based assay. Associations of each protein with frailty status were assessed using logistic regression and
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Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-15 Melod Mehdipour, Taha Mehdipour, Colin M. Skinner, Nathan Wong, Chao Liu, Chia-Chien Chen, Ok Hee Jeon, Yi Zuo, Michael J. Conboy, Irina M. Conboy
Our recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old
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Association between telomere length, frailty and death in older adults Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-15 Mariam El Assar, Javier Angulo, José A. Carnicero, Stefan Walter, Francisco J. García-García, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
Frailty is considered a clinical marker of functional ageing. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age but its role in human ageing is controversial. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the longitudinal association of TL with incident frailty and mortality in two cohorts of Spanish community–dwelling older adults. TL was determined at baseline in blood samples from
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Glycolytic inhibition: an effective strategy for developing calorie restriction mimetics Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Donald K. Ingram, George S. Roth
Calorie restriction mimetics encompass a growing research field directed toward developing treatments that mimic the anti-aging effects of long-term calorie restriction without requiring a change in eating habits. A wide range of approaches have been identified that include (1) intestinal inhibitors of fat and carbohydrate metabolism; (2) inhibitors of intracellular glycolysis; (3) stimulators of the
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Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Viktor J. Horváth, Noémi Hajdú, Orsolya Vági, Karolina Schnábel, Emese Szelke, Anna E. Körei, Magdolna Békeffy, Márk M. Svébis, Beatrix A. Domján, Tamás Berényi, István Takács, Zoltán Ungvári, Attila Kun, Ádám G. Tabák
The distinction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related and community-acquired pneumonias poses significant difficulties, as both frequently involve the elderly. This study aimed to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia based on clinical characteristics at hospital presentation. Case-control study of all patients admitted for pneumonia at Semmelweis University
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Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease in comparison with healthy aging Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Maria Conte, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Antonio Chiariello, Morena Martucci, Aurelia Santoro, Daniela Monti, Marina Arcaro, Daniela Galimberti, Elio Scarpini, Anna Rita Bonfigli, Angelica Giuliani, Fabiola Olivieri, Claudio Franceschi, Stefano Salvioli
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), and Humanin (HN) are mitochondrial stress-related mitokines, whose role in health and disease is still debated. In this study, we confirmed that their plasma levels are positively correlated with age in healthy subjects. However, when looking at patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), two age-related
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Late-onset depression is associated to age-related central auditory processing disorder in an older population in Southern Italy Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Madia Lozupone, Rodolfo Sardone, Rossella Donghia, Francesca D’Urso, Carla Piccininni, Petronilla Battista, Ilaria Di Gioia, Emanuela Resta, Fabio Castellana, Luisa Lampignano, Roberta Zupo, Ilaria Bortone, Vito Guerra, Chiara Griseta, Davide Seripa, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Gianluigi Giannelli, Nicola Quaranta, Giancarlo Logroscino, Antonello Bellomo, Francesco Panza
The association between late-life depression (LLD) and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) was suggested by preliminary studies, but reliance on LLD subtypes may introduce significant bias. We examined the association between ARHL and LLD according to the age of onset (early-onset depression (EOD) and late-onset depression (LOD)). We investigated the association between ARHL and LLD diagnosed according
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I 2 imidazoline receptor modulation protects aged SAMP8 mice against cognitive decline by suppressing the calcineurin pathway Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Foteini Vasilopoulou, Christian Griñán-Ferré, Sergio Rodríguez-Arévalo, Andrea Bagán, Sònia Abás, Carmen Escolano, Mercè Pallàs
Brain aging and dementia are current problems that must be solved. The levels of imidazoline 2 receptors (I2-IRs) are increased in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. We tested the action of the specific and selective I2-IR ligand B06 in a mouse model of accelerated aging and AD, the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Oral administration of B06
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C 60 in olive oil causes light-dependent toxicity and does not extend lifespan in mice Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Kristopher J. Grohn, Brandon S. Moyer, Danique C. Wortel, Cheyanne M. Fisher, Ellie Lumen, Anthony H. Bianchi, Kathleen Kelly, Paul S. Campbell, Douglas E. Hagrman, Roger G. Bagg, James Clement, Aaron J. Wolfe, Andrea Basso, Cristina Nicoletti, Giovanni Lai, Mauro Provinciali, Marco Malavolta, Kelsey J. Moody
C60 is a potent antioxidant that has been reported to substantially extend the lifespan of rodents when formulated in olive oil (C60-OO) or extra virgin olive oil (C60-EVOO). Despite there being no regulated form of C60-OO, people have begun obtaining it from online sources and dosing it to themselves or their pets, presumably with the assumption of safety and efficacy. In this study, we obtain C60-OO
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Whole brain irradiation in mice causes long-term impairment in astrocytic calcium signaling but preserves astrocyte-astrocyte coupling Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Adam Institoris, Ciaran Murphy-Royal, Stefano Tarantini, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Jordan N. Haidey, Anna Csiszar, Zoltan Ungvari, Grant R. Gordon
Whole brain irradiation (WBI) therapy is an important treatment for brain metastases and potential microscopic malignancies. WBI promotes progressive cognitive dysfunction in over half of surviving patients, yet, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Astrocytes play critical roles in the regulation of neuronal activity, brain metabolism, and cerebral blood flow, and while neurons are considered
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“Cerebral small vessel disease and other influential factors of cognitive impairment in the middle-aged: a long-term observational cohort PURE-MIND study in Poland” Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Dorota Szcześniak, Joanna Rymaszewska, Anna Zimny, Marek Sąsiadek, Katarzyna Połtyn-Zaradna, Eric E. Smith, Katarzyna Zatońska, Tomasz Zatoński, Sumathy Rangarajan, Salim Yusuf, Andrzej Szuba
A complex picture of factors influencing cognition is necessary to be drawn for a better understanding of the role of potentially modifiable factors in dementia. The aim was to assess the prevalence and determinants of cognitive impairment, including the role of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in Polish middle-aged cohort. A comprehensive set of clinical (hypertension, coronary heart disease,
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Quality of life after traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional analysis uncovers age- and sex-related differences over the adult life span Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-17 Katrin Rauen, Claudia B. Späni, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, Maria Teresa Ferretti, Lara Reichelt, Philipp Probst, Barbara Schäpers, Friedemann Müller, Klaus Jahn, Nikolaus Plesnila
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability in the working population and becomes increasingly prevalent in the elderly. Thus, TBI is a major global health burden. However, age- and sex-related long-term outcome regarding patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is yet not clarified. In this cross-sectional study, we present age- and sex-related demographics and HRQoL up
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Internalize at your peril: internalizing disorders as risk factors for dementia—cohort study Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Yoram Barak, David Barson, Gabrielle Davie, Paul Glue, Diana Paleacu
Few studies examined comorbid anxiety and depression’s independent association with dementia. We assessed internalizing disorders as risk factors for dementia to avoid pitfalls inherent in separating anxiety and depression. Retrospectively designed prospective comparative cohort study using New Zealand’s (NZ) National Minimum Dataset of hospital discharges. Hazards ratios (HRs), estimated from parametric
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Primary neuron and astrocyte cultures from postnatal Callithrix jacchus : a non-human primate in vitro model for research in neuroscience, nervous system aging, and neurological diseases of aging Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Angela O. Dorigatti, Stacy A. Hussong, Stephen F. Hernandez, Aubrey M. Sills, Adam B. Salmon, Veronica Galvan
The ability to generate in vitro cultures of neuronal cells has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the nervous system. Rodent models have been the principal source of brain cells used in primary cultures for over a century, providing insights that are widely applicable to human diseases. However, therapeutic agents that showed benefit in rodent models, particularly those pertaining
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Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-13 Bergita Ganse, Anthony Kleerekoper, Matthias Knobe, Frank Hildebrand, Hans Degens
In the research of age-related performance declines, the value of cross-sectional versus longitudinal data is an ongoing debate. This paper analyses the largest longitudinal master track and field data set ever published to compare the age-related decline in performance between 16 athletics disciplines in cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The data set contained 83,209 results (64,948 from men
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Effect of rapamycin on aging and age-related diseases—past and future Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-10 Ramasamy Selvarani, Sabira Mohammed, Arlan Richardson
In 2009, rapamycin was reported to increase the lifespan of mice when implemented later in life. This observation resulted in a sea-change in how researchers viewed aging. This was the first evidence that a pharmacological agent could have an impact on aging when administered later in life, i.e., an intervention that did not have to be implemented early in life before the negative impact of aging.
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Association of physical activity and sedentary time with structural brain networks—The Maastricht Study Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Laura W. M. Vergoossen, J. F. A. Jansen, J. J. A. de Jong, C. D. A. Stehouwer, N. C. Schaper, H. H. C. M. Savelberg, A. Koster, W. H. Backes, M. T. Schram
We assessed whether objectively measured low- and high-intensity physical activity (LPA and HPA) and sedentary time (ST) were associated with white matter connectivity, both throughout the whole brain and in brain regions involved in motor function. In the large population-based Maastricht Study (n = 1715, age 59.6 ± 8.1 (mean ± standard deviation) years, and 48% women), the amounts of LPA, HPA, and
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Association between genetically predicted telomere length and facial skin aging in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Yiqiang Zhan, Sara Hägg
Are shorter telomeres causal risk factors for facial aging on a large population level? To examine if longer, genetically predicted telomeres were causally associated with less facial aging using Mendelian randomization analysis. Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were applied to the summary statistics of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for self-reported facial aging from 417, 772 participants
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Imaging the role of blood–brain barrier disruption in normal cognitive ageing Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Inge C. M. Verheggen, Joost J. A. de Jong, Martin P. J. van Boxtel, Alida A. Postma, Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Frans R. J. Verhey, Walter H. Backes
To investigate whether blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a potential mechanism of usual age-related cognitive decline, we conducted dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) MRI to measure BBB leakage in a healthy sample, and investigated the association with longitudinal cognitive decline. In a sample of neurologically and cognitively healthy, older individuals, BBB leakage rate in the white and grey
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Candidate rejuvenating factor GDF11 and tissue fibrosis: friend or foe? Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Jan Frohlich, Manlio Vinciguerra
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11, BMP11) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is closely related to other family member—myostatin (also known as GDF8). GDF11 was firstly identified in 2004 due to its ability to rejuvenate the function of multiple organs in old mice. However, in the past few years, the heralded rejuvenating effects of GDF11
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High-resolution yeast quiescence profiling in human-like media reveals complex influences of auxotrophy and nutrient availability Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Sean M. Santos, Samantha Laflin, Audrie Broadway, Cosby Burnet, Joline Hartheimer, John Rodgers, Daniel L. Smith, John L. Hartman IV
Yeast cells survive in stationary phase culture by entering quiescence, which is measured by colony-forming capacity upon nutrient re-exposure. Yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) studies, employing the comprehensive collection of gene knockout strains, have correlated weakly between independent laboratories, which is hypothesized to reflect differential interaction between the deleted genes, auxotrophy
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Retinal biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): implication for early diagnosis and prognosis Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-04 Cecilia Czakó, Tibor Kovács, Zoltan Ungvari, Anna Csiszar, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Shannon Conley, Tamas Csipo, Agnes Lipecz, Hajnalka Horváth, Gábor László Sándor, Lilla István, Trevor Logan, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, Illés Kovács
Cognitive impairment and dementia are major medical, social, and economic public health issues worldwide with significant implications for life quality in older adults. The leading causes are Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment/dementia (VCID). In both conditions, pathological alterations of the cerebral microcirculation play a critical pathogenic role. Currently, the main pathological
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Traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral microbleeds in the elderly Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Luca Toth, Andras Czigler, Peter Horvath, Balint Kornyei, Nikolett Szarka, Attila Schwarcz, Zoltan Ungvari, Andras Buki, Peter Toth
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was shown to lead to the development of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which are associated with long term cognitive decline and gait disturbances in patients. The elderly is one of the most vulnerable parts of the population to suffer TBI. Importantly, ageing is known to exacerbate microvascular fragility and to promote the formation of CMBs. In this overview, the effect
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Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics—a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Daniel L. Smith, Rachael M. Orlandella, David B. Allison, Lyse A. Norian
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty
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From bedside to battlefield: intersection of ketone body mechanisms in geroscience with military resilience Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Brianna J. Stubbs, Andrew P. Koutnik, Jeff S. Volek, John C. Newman
Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites that are linked to multiple mechanisms of aging and resilience. They are produced by the body when glucose availability is low, including during fasting and dietary carbohydrate restriction, but also can be consumed as exogenous ketone compounds. Along with supplying energy to peripheral tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, they increasingly are
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Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Richard Kirwan, Deaglan McCullough, Tom Butler, Fatima Perez de Heredia, Ian G. Davies, Claire Stewart
The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary
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Age-dependent modulation of bone metabolism in zebrafish scales as new model of male osteoporosis in lower vertebrates Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-30 Marta Carnovali, Giuseppe Banfi, Massimo Mariotti
After middle age, in human bone, the resorption usually exceeds formation resulting in bone loss and increased risk of fractures in the aged population. Only few in vivo models in higher vertebrates are available for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about bone aging. Among these, male Danio rerio (zebrafish) can be successfully used as low vertebrate model to study degenerative alterations that affect
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The retention of fall-resisting behavior derived from treadmill slip-perturbation training in community-dwelling older adults. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Xuan Liu,Tanvi Bhatt,Yiru Wang,Shuaijie Wang,Anna Lee,Yi-Chung Pai
The purpose of this study was to determine whether and to what extent the immediate generalization of treadmill slip-perturbation training could be retained over 6 months to resist overground slip-induced falls. Four protocols (Tc: treadmill control; Tt: treadmill slip-perturbation training; Oc: overground control; Ot: overground slip-perturbation training) from two randomized controlled trials were
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Protein signatures from blood plasma and urine suggest changes in vascular function and IL-12 signaling in elderly with a history of chronic diseases compared with an age-matched healthy cohort. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Yanbao Yu,Harinder Singh,Keehwan Kwon,Tamara Tsitrin,Joann Petrini,Karen E Nelson,Rembert Pieper
Key processes characterizing human aging are immunosenescence and inflammaging. The capacity of the immune system to adequately respond to external perturbations (e.g., pathogens, injuries, and biochemical irritants) and to repair somatic mutations that may cause cancers or cellular senescence declines. An important goal remains to identify genetic or biochemical, predictive biomarkers for healthy
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Semiautomatic morphometric analysis of skeletal muscle obtained by needle biopsy in older adults. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Henry J Bonilla,Maria L Messi,Khalima A Sadieva,Craig A Hamilton,Aron S Buchman,Osvaldo Delbono
Analysis of skeletal muscle mass and composition is essential for studying the biology of age-related sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass, and function. Muscle immunohistochemistry (IHC) allows for simultaneous visualization of morphological characteristics and determination of fiber type composition. The information gleaned from myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, and morphological measurements offer a
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HIV-1 Tat promotes age-related cognitive, anxiety-like, and antinociceptive impairments in female mice that are moderated by aging and endocrine status. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Alaa N Qrareya,Fakhri Mahdi,Marc J Kaufman,Nicole M Ashpole,Jason J Paris
Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity associated with HIV-1 that is more prevalent among infected individuals over the age of 45. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but both combined antiretroviral therapeutics and HIV-1 proteins, such as trans-activator of transcription protein (Tat), dysregulate steroid-synthetic mechanisms including lipid storage/synthesis and mitochondrial function. Thus, Tat
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Mitochondrial-derived peptides in aging and age-related diseases. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Su-Jeong Kim,Brendan Miller,Hiroshi Kumagai,Ana R Silverstein,Melanie Flores,Kelvin Yen
A decline in mitochondrial quality and activity has been associated with normal aging and correlated with the development of a wide range of age-related diseases. Here, we review the evidence that a decline in the levels of mitochondrial-derived peptides contributes to aging and age-related diseases. In particular, we discuss how mitochondrial-derived peptides, humanin and MOTS-c, contribute to specific
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Estrogen receptor involvement in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia pathogenesis and treatment. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Dianna H Nguyen,J Thomas Cunningham,Nathalie Sumien
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a term that encompasses a continuum of cognitive disorders with cerebrovascular pathology contribution, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to vascular dementia (VaD). VCI and VaD, thus, represent an interesting intersection between cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a rising area of research in recent
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A geroscience perspective on immune resilience and infectious diseases: a potential case for metformin. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Jamie N Justice,Sriram Gubbi,Ameya S Kulkarni,Jenna M Bartley,George A Kuchel,Nir Barzilai
We are in the midst of the global pandemic. Though acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-COV2) that leads to COVID-19 infects people of all ages, severe symptoms and mortality occur disproportionately in older adults. Geroscience interventions that target biological aging could decrease risk across multiple age-related diseases and improve outcomes in response to infectious disease. This offers hope
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Correction to: Reflections on designing population surveys for COVID-19 infection and prevalence. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Akshay Swaminathan,S V Subramanian
The article Reflections on designing population surveys for COVID-19 infection and prevalence, written by Akshay Swaminathan and S. V. Subramanian, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 18 August 2020 with open access.
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A multivariate model of time to conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-04 María Eugenia López,Agustín Turrero,Pablo Cuesta,Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo,Ana Barabash,Alberto Marcos,Fernando Maestú,Alberto Fernández
The present study was aimed at determining which combination of demographic, genetic, cognitive, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomical factors may predict differences in time to progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To this end, a sample of 121 MCIs was followed up during a 5-year period. According to their clinical outcome, MCIs were divided into two subgroups:
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Amyloidosis increase is not attenuated by long-term calorie restriction or related to neuron density in the prefrontal cortex of extremely aged rhesus macaques. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-02 G A Stonebarger,H F Urbanski,R L Woltjer,K L Vaughan,D K Ingram,P L Schultz,S M Calderazzo,J A Siedeman,J A Mattison,D L Rosene,S G Kohama
As human lifespan increases and the population ages, diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a major cause for concern. Although calorie restriction (CR) as an intervention has been shown to increase healthspan in many species, few studies have examined the effects of CR on brain aging in primates. Using postmortem tissue from a cohort of extremely aged rhesus monkeys (22–44 years old
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A short digital eye-tracking assessment predicts cognitive status among adults. Geroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-01