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Plant Mitochondria are a Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Alan C. Christensen
A fundamental paradox motivates the study of plant mitochondrial genomics: the mutation rate is very low (lower than in the nucleus) but the rearrangement rate is high. A landmark paper published in Journal of Molecular Evolution in 1988 established these facts and revealed the paradox. Jeffrey Palmer and Laura Herbon did a prodigious amount of work in the pre-genome sequencing era to identify both
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Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction: From Chemical Paleogenetics to Maximum Likelihood Algorithms and Beyond J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Avery G. A. Selberg, Eric A. Gaucher, David A. Liberles
As both a computational and an experimental endeavor, ancestral sequence reconstruction remains a timely and important technique. Modern approaches to conduct ancestral sequence reconstruction for proteins are built upon a conceptual framework from journal founder Emile Zuckerkandl. On top of this, work on maximum likelihood phylogenetics published in Journal of Molecular Evolution in 1996 was one
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Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Michael Yarus
A near-universal Standard Genetic Code (SGC) implies a single origin for present Earth life. To study this unique event, I compute paths to the SGC, comparing different plausible histories. Notably, SGC-like coding emerges from traditional evolutionary mechanisms, and a superior route can be identified. To objectively measure evolution, progress values from 0 (random coding) to 1 (SGC-like) are defined:
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Optimal Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Michael Yarus
The Standard Genetic Code (SGC) exists in every known organism on Earth. SGC evolution via early unique codon assignment, then later wobble, yields coding resembling the near-universal code. Below, later wobble is shown to also create an optimal route to accurate codon assignment. Time of optimal codon assignment matches the previously defined mean time for ordered coding, exhibiting ≥ 90% of SGC order
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A Re-Assessment of Positive Selection on Mitochondrial Genomes of High-Elevation Phrynocephalus Lizards J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Jared E. Atlas, Jinzhong Fu
Due to their integral roles in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrially encoded proteins represent common targets of selection in response to altitudinal hypoxia across high-altitude taxa. While previous studies revealed evidence of positive selection on mitochondrial genomes of high-altitude Phrynocephalus lizards, their conclusions were restricted by out-of-date phylogenies and limited taxonomic
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Structural-Genetic Characterization Of Novel Butaryl co-A Dehydrogenase and Proposition of Butanol Biosynthesis Pathway in Pusillimonas ginsengisoli SBSA J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Subhrangshu Mandal, Utsab Debnath, Jagannath Sarkar
Despite extensive use in the biofuel industry, only butyryl co-A dehydrogenase enzymes from the Clostridia group have undergone extensive structural and genetic characterization. The present study, portrays the characterization of structural, functional and phylogenetic properties of butyryl co-A dehydrogenase identified within the genome of Pusillimonas ginsengisoli SBSA. In silico characterization
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Correction to: Quest for the Best Evolutionary Model J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Rafael Zardoya
The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error in Figure 2. Incorrect version of Dr. Taka-aki Yano has been published. Figure 2 with the corrected image of Dr. Taka-aki Yano is given below.
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Hemocyanins of Muricidae: New ‘Insights’ Unravel an Additional Highly Hydrophilic 800 kDa Mass Within the Molecule J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Gabriela Giannina Schäfer, Lukas Jörg Grebe, Frank Depoix, Bernhard Lieb
Hemocyanins are giant oxygen transport proteins that freely float within the hemolymph of most molluscs. The basic quaternary structure of molluscan hemocyanins is a cylindrical decamer with a diameter of 35 nm which is built of 400 kDa subunits. Previously published results, however, showed that one out of two hemocyanin subunits of Rapana venosa encompasses two polypeptides, one 300 kDa and one 100 kDa
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Felsenstein Phylogenetic Likelihood J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 David Posada, Keith A. Crandall
In 1981, the Journal of Molecular Evolution (JME) published an article entitled “Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach” by Joseph (Joe) Felsenstein (J Mol Evol 17:368–376, 1981). This groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the emerging field of statistical phylogenetics, providing a tractable way of finding maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of evolutionary trees
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Correlation Analysis Reveals an Important Role of GC Content in Accumulation of Deletion Mutations in the Coding Region of Angiosperm Plastomes J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Ying Yu, Hong-Tao Li, Yu-Huan Wu, De-Zhu Li
Variation in GC content is assumed to correlate with various processes, including mutation biases, recombination, and environmental parameters. To date, most genomic studies exploring the evolution of GC content have focused on nuclear genomes, but relatively few have concentrated on organelle genomes. We explored the mechanisms maintaining the GC content in angiosperm plastomes, with a particular
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Water and Life: The Medium is the Message J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Moran Frenkel-Pinter, Vahab Rajaei, Jennifer B. Glass, Nicholas V. Hud, Loren Dean Williams
Water, the most abundant compound on the surface of the Earth and probably in the universe, is the medium of biology, but is much more than that. Water is the most frequent actor in the chemistry of metabolism. Our quantitation here reveals that water accounts for 99.4% of metabolites in Escherichia coli by molar concentration. Between a third and a half of known biochemical reactions involve consumption
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Crick Wobble and Superwobble in Standard Genetic Code Evolution J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Michael Yarus
Wobble coding is inevitable during evolution of the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). It ultimately splits half of NN U/C/A/G coding boxes with different assignments. Further, it contributes to pervasive SGC order by reinforcing close spacing for identical SGC assignments. But wobble cannot appear too soon, or it will inhibit encoding and more decisively, obstruct evolution of full coding tables. However
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Complex Evolution of the Mismatch Repair System in Eukaryotes is Illuminated by Novel Archaeal Genomes J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Paulo G. Hofstatter, Daniel J. G. Lahr
Repairing DNA damage is one of the most important functions of the ‘housekeeping’ proteins, as DNA molecules are constantly subject to different kinds of damage. An important mechanism of DNA repair is the mismatch repair system (MMR). In eukaryotes, it is more complex than it is in bacteria or Archaea due to an inflated number of paralogues produced as a result of an extensive process of gene duplication
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Correction to: Fewer Exposed Lysine Residues May Explain Relative Resistance of Chicken Serum Albumin to In Vitro Protein Glycation in Comparison to Bovine Serum Albumin J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Claire M. Anthony‑Regnitz, Amanda E. Wilson, Karen L. Sweazea, Eldon J. Braun
The original version of the article requires some changes to the supplementary information. The supplementary files 239_2020_9964_MOESM1_ESM and 239_2020_9964_MOESM2_ESM have been replaced.
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Correction to: G:U‑Independent RNA Minihelix Aminoacylation by Nanoarchaeum equitans Alanyl‑tRNA Synthetase: An Insight into the Evolution of Aminoacyl‑tRNA Synthetases J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Misa Arutaki, Ryodai Kurihara, Toru Matsuoka, Ayako Inami, Kei Tokunaga, Tomomasa Ohno, Hiroki Takahashi, Haruka Takano, Tadashi Ando, Hiromi Mutsuro‑Aoki, Takuya Umehara, Koji Tamura
In the original version of this article, “A73” in Fig 6b was inadvertently labeled as “G73”. The corrected Fig. 6 is given here.
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Site-Specific Amino Acid Distributions Follow a Universal Shape J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Mackenzie M. Johnson, Claus O. Wilke
In many applications of evolutionary inference, a model of protein evolution needs to be fitted to the amino acid variation at individual sites in a multiple sequence alignment. Most existing models fall into one of two extremes: Either they provide a coarse-grained description that lacks biophysical realism (e.g., dN/dS models), or they require a large number of parameters to be fitted (e.g., mutation–selection
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Evolution of Biomineralization Genes in the Prismatic Layer of the Pen Shell Atrina pectinata J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Keisuke Shimizu, Hiroyuki Kintsu, Masahiko Awaji, Toshie Matumoto, Michio Suzuki
Molluscan shells are composed of calcium carbonates, with small amounts of extracellular matrices secreted from mantle epithelial cells. Many types of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified from molluscan shells or mantle cells. The pen shell Atrina pectinata (Pinnidae) has two different shell microstructures, the nacreous and prismatic layers. Nacreous and prismatic layer-specific matrix
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Revisiting the Relationships Between Genomic G + C Content, RNA Secondary Structures, and Optimal Growth Temperature J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Michelle M. Meyer
Over twenty years ago Galtier and Lobry published a manuscript entitled “Relationships between Genomic G + C Content, RNA Secondary Structure, and Optimal Growth Temperature” in the Journal of Molecular Evolution that showcased the lack of a relationship between genomic G + C content and optimal growth temperature (OGT) in a set of about 200 prokaryotes. Galtier and Lobry also assessed the relationship
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Richard Dickerson, Molecular Clocks, and Rates of Protein Evolution J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 David Alvarez-Ponce
Proteins approximately behave as molecular clocks, accumulating amino acid replacements at a more or less constant rate. Nonetheless, each protein displays a characteristic rate of evolution: whereas some proteins remain largely unaltered over large periods of time, others can rapidly accumulate amino acid replacements. An article by Richard Dickerson, published in the first issue of the Journal of
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Quest for the Best Evolutionary Model J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Rafael Zardoya
In the early 1980s, DNA sequencing became a routine and the increasing computing power opened the door to reconstruct molecular phylogenies using probabilistic approaches. DNA sequence alignments provided a large number of positions containing phylogenetic information, which could be extracted using explicit statistical models that described the mutation process using appropriate parameters. Consequently
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Directed Evolution. The Legacy of a Nobel Prize J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Konstantinos Voskarides
This article is part of an anniversary issue of Journal of Molecular Evolution, commenting on a paper published on 1999 by the Nobel laureate Frances Arnold and her colleague Kentaro Miyazaki. The paper by Miyazaki and Arnold presented saturation mutagenesis as an alternative method to random mutagenesis for obtaining enzymes with increasing stability. Both techniques were conceived to accomplish directed
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An Evolutionary Remedy for an Abominable Physiological Mystery: Benign Hyperglycemia in Birds J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Carlos Martinez del Rio, Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero
Relative to other vertebrates, birds have unusually high blood glucose levels. In humans, the hyperglycemia observed in birds would be associated with diabetes mellitus and the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, which leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation products and to a plethora of microvascular pathologies. How do birds avoid the negative effects of hyperglycemia? Anthony-Regnitz et
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A Phylogenetic Rate Parameter Indicates Different Sequence Divergence Patterns in Orthologs and Paralogs J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Joseph B. Ahrens, Ashley I. Teufel, Jessica Siltberg-Liberles
Heterotachy—the change in sequence evolutionary rate over time—is a common feature of protein molecular evolution. Decades of studies have shed light on the conditions under which heterotachy occurs, and there is evidence that site-specific evolutionary rate shifts are correlated with changes in protein function. Here, we present a large-scale, computational analysis using thousands of protein sequence
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Positive Selection in the Chloroplastic ATP-Synthase β-Subunit and Its Relation to Virulence Factors J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Joaquina Farias, Facundo M. Giorello
The most paradigmatic examples of molecular evolution under positive selection involve genes related to the immune system. Recently, different chloroplastic factors have been shown to be important for plant defenses, among them, the α- and β-subunits of the ATP synthase. The β-subunit has been reported to interact with several viral proteins while both proteins have been implicated with sensitivity
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The Effects of Ecological Traits on the Rate of Molecular Evolution in Ray-Finned Fishes: A Multivariable Approach J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Jacqueline A. May, Zeny Feng, Matthew G. Orton, Sarah J. Adamowicz
Myriad environmental and biological traits have been investigated for their roles in influencing the rate of molecular evolution across various taxonomic groups. However, most studies have focused on a single trait, while controlling for additional factors in an informal way, generally by excluding taxa. This study utilized a dataset of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode sequences from over
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Evolutionary History of Alzheimer Disease-Causing Protein Family Presenilins with Pathological Implications J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Ammad Aslam Khan, Raja Hashim Ali, Bushra Mirza
Presenilin proteins make the catalytic component of γ-secretase, a multiprotein transmembrane protease, and are type II transmembrane proteins. Amyloid protein, Notch, and beta catenin are among more than 90 substrates of Presenilins. Mutations in Presenilins lead to defects in proteolytic cleavage of its substrate resulting in some of the most devastating pathological conditions including Alzheimer
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A Case Study of Eukaryogenesis: The Evolution of Photoreception by Photolyase/Cryptochrome Proteins J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 Jennifer A. Miles, Thomas A. Davies, Robert D. Hayman, Georgia Lorenzen, Jamie Taylor, Mubeena Anjarwalla, Sammie J. R. Allen, John W. D. Graham, Paul C. Taylor
Eukaryogenesis, the origin of the eukaryotes, is still poorly understood. Herein, we show how a detailed all-kingdom phylogenetic analysis overlaid with a map of key biochemical features can provide valuable clues. The photolyase/cryptochrome family of proteins are well known to repair DNA in response to potentially harmful effects of sunlight and to entrain circadian rhythms. Phylogenetic analysis
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Fewer Exposed Lysine Residues May Explain Relative Resistance of Chicken Serum Albumin to In Vitro Protein Glycation in Comparison to Bovine Serum Albumin. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Claire M Anthony-Regnitz,Amanda E Wilson,Karen L Sweazea,Eldon J Braun
Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products is associated with several diseases resulting from high blood glucose concentrations. Plasma albumin is directly exposed to circulating glucose concentrations and is therefore at greater risk of glycation than hemoglobin. As plasma glucose concentrations in birds are 1.5–2 times higher than mammals of similar mass, avian albumin may
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mPartition: A Model-Based Method for Partitioning Alignments. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Thu Le Kim,Vinh Le Sy
Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of nucleotide or amino-acid alignments is widely used to infer evolutionary relationships among species. Computing the likelihood of a phylogenetic tree from such alignments is a complicated task because the evolutionary processes typically vary across sites. A number of studies have shown that partitioning alignments into sub-alignments of sites, where each sub-alignment
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Structural Variation of the Turtle Mitochondrial Control Region. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Lucas E Bernacki,C William Kilpatrick
The present study describes the most comprehensive comparison of turtle mtD-loop regions to date. The primary structure was compared from DNA sequences accessed from GenBank from 48 species in 13 families of extant turtles, and secondary structures of the mtD-loop region were inferred from thermal stabilities, using the program Mfold, for each superfamiliy of turtles. Both primary and secondary structures
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The Coevolution of Cellularity and Metabolism Following the Origin of Life. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Yuta A Takagi,Diep H Nguyen,Tom B Wexler,Aaron D Goldman
The emergence of cellular organisms occurred sometime between the origin of life and the evolution of the last universal common ancestor and represents one of the major transitions in evolutionary history. Here we describe a series of artificial life simulations that reveal a close relationship between the evolution of cellularity, the evolution of metabolism, and the richness of the environment. When
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Benchmarking Methods of Protein Structure Alignment. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Janan Sykes,Barbara R Holland,Michael A Charleston
The function of a protein is primarily determined by its structure and amino acid sequence. Many biological questions of interest rely on being able to accurately determine the group of structures to which domains of a protein belong; this can be done through alignment and comparison of protein structures. Dozens of different methods for Protein Structure Alignment (PSA) have been proposed that use
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Insights into Dietary Switch in Cetaceans: Evidence from Molecular Evolution of Proteinases and Lipases. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Guiting Li,Huiyuan Wei,Juanjuan Bi,Xiaoyue Ding,Lili Li,Shixia Xu,Guang Yang,Wenhua Ren
Fossil evidence suggests that cetaceans evolved from artiodactylans. Thus, there was a major dietary change from herbivorous to carnivorous during their transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic environment. However, the molecular evolutionary mechanisms underlying this dietary switch have not been well investigated. Evidence of positive selection of digestive proteinases and lipases of cetaceans
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Cell Communication-mediated Nonself-Recognition and -Intolerance in Representative Species of the Animal Kingdom. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 Werner A Mueller,Baruch Rinkevich
Why has histo-incompatibility arisen in evolution and can cause self-intolerance? Compatible/incompatible reactions following natural contacts between genetically-different (allogeneic) colonies of marine organisms have inspired the conception that self–nonself discrimination has developed to reduce invasion threats by migratory foreign germ/somatic stem cells, in extreme cases resulting in conquest
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Protein Evolution in the Flaviviruses. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Miguel Arenas
Proteins are commonly used as molecular targets against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. However, pathogens can evolve rapidly permitting their populations to increase in protein diversity over time and thus escape to the activity of a molecular therapy. Subsequently, in order to design more durable and robust therapies as well as to understand viral evolution in a host and subsequent transmission
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Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression in Bacterial Genomes. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-06-06 Daniella F Lato,G Brian Golding
Gene expression in bacteria is a remarkably controlled and intricate process impacted by many factors. One such factor is the genomic position of a gene within a bacterial genome. Genes located near the origin of replication generally have a higher expression level, increased dosage, and are often more conserved than genes located farther from the origin of replication. The majority of the studies
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EasyDIVER: A Pipeline for Assembling and Counting High-Throughput Sequencing Data from In Vitro Evolution of Nucleic Acids or Peptides. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Celia Blanco,Samuel Verbanic,Burckhard Seelig,Irene A Chen
In vitro evolution is a well-established technique for the discovery of functional RNA and peptides. Increasingly, these experiments are analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for both scientific and engineering objectives, but computational analysis of HTS data, particularly for peptide selections, can present a barrier to entry for experimentalists. We introduce EasyDIVER (Easy pre-processing
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Evolutionary Aspects of the Structural Convergence and Functional Diversification of Kunitz-Domain Inhibitors. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Manasi Mishra
Kunitz-type domains are ubiquitously found in natural systems as serine protease inhibitors or animal toxins in venomous animals. Kunitz motif is a cysteine-rich peptide chain of ~ 60 amino acid residues with alpha and beta fold, stabilized by three conserved disulfide bridges. An extensive dataset of amino acid variations is found on sequence analysis of various Kunitz peptides. Kunitz peptides show
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Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Anthurium huixtlense and Pothos scandens (Pothoideae, Araceae): Unique Inverted Repeat Expansion and Contraction Affect Rate of Evolution. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Abdullah,Claudia L Henriquez,Furrukh Mehmood,Monica M Carlsen,Madiha Islam,Mohammad Tahir Waheed,Peter Poczai,Thomas B Croat,Ibrar Ahmed
The subfamily Pothoideae belongs to the ecologically important plant family Araceae. Here, we report the chloroplast genomes of two species of the subfamily Pothoideae: Anthurium huixtlense (size: 163,116 bp) and Pothos scandens (size: 164,719 bp). The chloroplast genome of P. scandens showed unique contraction and expansion of inverted repeats (IRs), thereby increasing the size of the large single-copy
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Selection Shapes Synonymous Stop Codon Use in Mammals. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Cathal Seoighe,Stephen J Kiniry,Andrew Peters,Pavel V Baranov,Haixuan Yang
Phylogenetic models of the evolution of protein-coding sequences can provide insights into the selection pressures that have shaped them. In the application of these models synonymous nucleotide substitutions, which do not alter the encoded amino acid, are often assumed to have limited functional consequences and used as a proxy for the neutral rate of evolution. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous
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Evolution of Epistasis: Small Populations Go Their Separate Ways. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 David M McCandlish,Gregory I Lang
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Spiralian Genomes Reveal Gene Family Expansions Associated with Adaptation to Freshwater. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-09 Kevin M Horn,Frank E Anderson
The colonization of freshwater habitats by marine-adapted organisms represents a major transition that has only occurred a few times in the evolution of animals. Only around half of the extant animal phyla have representatives in both marine and freshwater environments and even within those phyla some major clades are restricted to marine environments. Moving from marine to freshwater environments
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Prions: Roles in Development and Adaptive Evolution. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-09 Jamie D Dixson,Rajeev K Azad
Prions are often considered as anomalous proteins associated primarily with disease rather than as a fundamental source of diversity within biological proteomes. Whereas this longstanding viewpoint has its genesis in the discovery of the original namesake prions as causative agents of several complex diseases, the underlying assumption of a strict disease basis for prions could not be further from
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Recombination Between High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses and Non-Human Primate Papillomaviruses: Evidence of Ancient Host Switching Among Alphapapillomaviruses. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Alltalents T Murahwa,Mqondisi Tshabalala,Anna-Lise Williamson
We use all the currently known 405 Papillomavirus (PV) sequences, 343 curated PV sequences from both humans and animals from the PAVE data base, to analyse the recombination dynamics of these viruses at the whole genome levels. After showing some evidence of human and non-human primate PV recombination, we report a comprehensive recombination analysis of all currently known 82 Alphapapillomaviruses
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Evolutionary Processes and Biophysical Mechanisms: Revisiting Why Evolved Proteins Are Marginally Stable. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Amanda E Wilson,Westin M Kosater,David A Liberles
Evolved proteins observed in natural organisms are found to be only marginally stable. Several mechanistic hypotheses have been presented to date to explain this observation. One idea that has been put forward is that active selection prevents proteins from becoming too stable to enable proper function. A second idea is that marginal stability reflects the point of mutation–selection–drift balance
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G:U-Independent RNA Minihelix Aminoacylation by Nanoarchaeum equitans Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase: An Insight into the Evolution of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Misa Arutaki,Ryodai Kurihara,Toru Matsuoka,Ayako Inami,Kei Tokunaga,Tomomasa Ohno,Hiroki Takahashi,Haruka Takano,Tadashi Ando,Hiromi Mutsuro-Aoki,Takuya Umehara,Koji Tamura
Nanoarchaeum equitans is a species of hyperthermophilic archaea with the smallest genome size. Its alanyl-tRNA synthetase genes are split into AlaRS-α and AlaRS-β, encoding the respective subunits. In the current report, we surveyed N. equitans AlaRS-dependent alanylation of RNA minihelices, composed only of the acceptor stem and the T-arm of tRNAAla. Combination of AlaRS-α and AlaRS-β showed a strong
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Animal-to-Human Viral Transitions: Is SARS-CoV-2 an Evolutionarily Successful One? J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Konstantinos Voskarides
Transmission of viruses from one species to another is not unusual in nature. Despite this, evolutionarily successful transmissions are rare. Such events can cause pandemics and are followed by host–virus coevolution procedures that can increase the fitness potential of viruses. In this perspective article, I recognize eight main types of trans-species viral transmission. I consider two of them as
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FLAVI: An Amino Acid Substitution Model for Flaviviruses. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Thu Kim Le,Le Sy Vinh
Amino acid substitution models represent substitution rates among amino acids during the evolution. The models play an important role in analyzing protein sequences, especially inferring phylogenies. The rapid evolution of flaviviruses is expanding the threat in public health. A number of models have been estimated for some viruses, however, they are unable to properly represent amino acid substitution
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Moderate Amounts of Epistasis are Not Evolutionarily Stable in Small Populations. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-29 Dariya K Sydykova,Thomas LaBar,Christoph Adami,Claus O Wilke
High mutation rates select for the evolution of mutational robustness where populations inhabit flat fitness peaks with little epistasis, protecting them from lethal mutagenesis. Recent evidence suggests that a different effect protects small populations from extinction via the accumulation of deleterious mutations. In drift robustness, populations tend to occupy peaks with steep flanks and positive
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A Continuum of Evolving De Novo Genes Drives Protein-Coding Novelty in Drosophila. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Brennen Heames,Jonathan Schmitz,Erich Bornberg-Bauer
Orphan genes, lacking detectable homologs in outgroup species, typically represent 10-30% of eukaryotic genomes. Efforts to find the source of these young genes indicate that de novo emergence from non-coding DNA may in part explain their prevalence. Here, we investigate the roots of orphan gene emergence in the Drosophila genus. Across the annotated proteomes of twelve species, we find 6297 orphan
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Exploring Evolutionary Constraints in the Proteomes of Zika, Dengue, and Other Flaviviruses to Find Fitness-Critical Sites. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Janelle Nunez-Castilla,Jordon Rahaman,Joseph B Ahrens,Christian A Balbin,Jessica Siltberg-Liberles
Dengue virus (DENV) challenges vaccine design due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and evidence suggests that Zika virus (ZIKV) experiences ADE with DENV and West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies. Thus, multiple flaviviruses must be considered when developing novel therapies against ZIKV. We analyzed 42 flavivirus polyproteins in their evolutionary context to identify motifs conserved in sequence
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The Marginal Stability of Proteins: How the Jiggling and Wiggling of Atoms is Connected to Neutral Evolution. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-04 Osvaldo A Martin,Jorge A Vila
Here we propose that the upper bound marginal stability of proteins is a universal property that includes macro-molecular complexes and is not affected by molecular changes such as mutations and post-translational modifications. We theorize that its existence is a consequence of Afinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis rather than a result of an evolutionary process. This result enables us to conjecture
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Reconstruction and Characterization of Thermally Stable and Catalytically Active Proteins Comprising an Alphabet of ~ 13 Amino Acids. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Madoka Kimura,Satoshi Akanuma
While extant organisms synthesize proteins using approximately 20 kinds of genetically coded amino acids, the earliest protein synthesis system is likely to have been much simpler, utilizing a reduced set of amino acids. However, which types of building blocks were involved in primordial protein synthesis remains unclear. Herein, we reconstructed three convergent sequences of an ancestral nucleoside
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Pseudo-Symmetric Assembly of Protodomains as a Common Denominator in the Evolution of Polytopic Helical Membrane Proteins. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Philippe Youkharibache,Alexander Tran,Ravinder Abrol
The polytopic helical membrane proteome is dominated by proteins containing seven transmembrane helices (7TMHs). They cannot be grouped under a monolithic fold or superfold. However, a parallel structural analysis of folds around that magic number of seven in distinct protein superfamilies (SWEET, PnuC, TRIC, FocA, Aquaporin, GPCRs) reveals a common homology, not in their structural fold, but in their
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Horizontal Gene Transfer has Impacted cox1 Gene Evolution in Cassytha filiformis. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Canyu Zhang,Hui Ma,M Virginia Sanchez-Puerta,Lang Li,Jianhua Xiao,Zhifang Liu,Xiuqin Ci,Jie Li
The gene cox1 is one of the most reported mitochondrial genes involved in horizontal gene transfer among angiosperms. However, whether different cox1 copies exist in different populations of a species and whether any other novel way except intron homing exists for cox1 intron acquisition is less understood. In this study, we chose Cassytha filiformis, a parasitic plant from the angiosperm family Lauraceae
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Evolutionary Diversity in the Intracellular Microsporidian Parasite Nosema sp. Infecting Wild Silkworm Revealed by IGS Nucleotide Sequence Diversity. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Wazid Hassan,Basavaraju Surendra Nath,Kangayam M Ponnuvel,Rakesh K Mishra,Appukuttan Nair R Pradeep
Intracellular microsporidian Nosema mylitta infects Indian wild silkworm Antheraea mylitta causing pebrine disease. Genetic structure and phylogeny of N. mylitta are analysed using nucleotide variability in 5S ribosomal DNA and intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence from 20 isolates collected from Southern, Northern and Central regions of Jharkhand State. Nucleotide diversity (π) and genetic differentiation
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Co-evolution in the Jungle: From Leafcutter Ant Colonies to Chromosomal Ends. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 Ľubomír Tomáška,Jozef Nosek
Biological entities are multicomponent systems where each part is directly or indirectly dependent on the others. In effect, a change in a single component might have a consequence on the functioning of its partners, thus affecting the fitness of the entire system. In this article, we provide a few examples of such complex biological systems, ranging from ant colonies to a population of amino acids
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Computer and Experimental Simulation of Alloxazine Synthesis from Gamma Irradiation of Amino Acids on Iceland Spar: A Prebiotic Chemistry Perspective. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 Ernesto Mendoza-Torres,Jorge Cruz-Catañeda,Alicia Negrón-Mendoza,Alejandro Heredia
On ancient Earth, environmental conditions favored prebiotic chemical reactions. In the Archean, some molecules with conjugated rings might have been synthesized, displaying structural stability in the Archean in the presence of ionizing radiation and hydration-dehydration events. Additionally, it is suggested that on ancient Earth, calcite was a common mineral promoting organic compound synthesis
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Emerging Frontiers in the Study of Molecular Evolution. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 David A Liberles,Belinda Chang,Kerry Geiler-Samerotte,Aaron Goldman,Jody Hey,Betül Kaçar,Michelle Meyer,William Murphy,David Posada,Andrew Storfer
A collection of the editors of Journal of Molecular Evolution have gotten together to pose a set of key challenges and future directions for the field of molecular evolution. Topics include challenges and new directions in prebiotic chemistry and the RNA world, reconstruction of early cellular genomes and proteins, macromolecular and functional evolution, evolutionary cell biology, genome evolution
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On the Evolution and Functional Diversity of Terpene Synthases in the Pinus Species: A Review. J. Mol. Evol. (IF 1.821) Pub Date : 2020-02-08 Enrica Alicandri,Anna Rita Paolacci,Samson Osadolor,Agostino Sorgonà,Maurizio Badiani,Mario Ciaffi
In the biosynthesis of terpenoids, the ample catalytic versatility of terpene synthases (TPS) allows the formation of thousands of different molecules. A steadily increasing number of sequenced plant genomes invariably show that the TPS gene family is medium to large in size, comprising from 30 to 100 functional members. In conifers, TPSs belonging to the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d subfamily produce
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