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Exon and Intron Variability in Salmonidae Growth Hormone Genes Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 D. N. Kamenskaya, M. V. Pankova, V. A. Brykov
Abstract Gene duplication is one of the main mechanisms of formation of new genetic material in evolution. The occurrence of a gene duplication is believed to relax selection pressure on one of the copies. Consequently, this gene accumulates mutations at a higher rate, and over time it acquires a new function. As a result of several rounds of polyploidization, many genes in salmon are duplicated, including
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Cell Replacement Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease—History of Development and Prospects for Use in Clinical Practice Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 N. V. Katolikova, A. B. Malashicheva, R. R. Gainetdinov
Abstract— Parkinson’s disease is a widespread neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Clinically, the disease is manifested by tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and other motor and non-motor symptoms that ultimately lead to disability. To date, there are only symptomatic treatment options for Parkinson’s disease;
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as an Oligogenic Disease: Transcriptomic Arguments Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 N. M. Baulina, I. S. Kiselev, O. S. Chumakova, O. O. Favorova
Abstract— Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetically determined heart pathology and is often accompanied by fatal complications. Today, the traditional view of the monogenic origin of HCM is being replaced by the idea of it as an oligogenic disease, the clinical phenotype of which is determined not only by mutations in the genes encoding sarcomere proteins in cardiomyocytes, but
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Novel miRNAs as Potential Regulators of PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint, and Prognostic Value of MIR9-1 and MIR124-2 Methylation in Ovarian Cancer Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 N. E. Kushlinskii, V. I. Loginov, D. O. Utkin, E. A. Filippova, A. M. Burdennyy, E. A. Korotkova, I. V. Pronina, S. S. Lukina, A. V. Smirnova, E. S. Gershtein, E. A. Braga
Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is mostly detected at late stages weighed down with metastasis, and the five-year survival rate of patients is only 30%, which dictates the necessity to develop gentler and more selectively targeted drugs that current chemotherapeutic agents. The search for factors that can influence on the activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway in tumors is relevant
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Direct Molecular Fishing of Zinc-Dependent Protein Partners of Amyloid-beta 1–16 with the Taiwan (D7H) Mutation and Phosphorylated Ser8 Residue Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 P. V. Ershov, Yu. V. Mezentsev, E. O. Yablokov, L. A. Kaluzgskiy, A. S. Ivanov, N. V. Gnuchev, V. A. Mitkevich, A. A. Makarov, S. A. Kozin
Abstract We previously showed that the metal-binding domain 1–16 of intact amyloid-beta (Aβ) is involved in interactions with a number of proteins from the cytosolic fraction of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells in a zinc-dependent manner only. It is known that hereditary mutations in the Aβ metal-binding domain (Aβ(1–16)), which accelerate the development of Alzheimer’s disease and post-translational
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Extraction and Separation of Sinapine from Rapeseed Cake and the Mode of Action of Melanin Production Inhibition Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Z. T. Yang, D. X. Lu, E.-K. Hong, B. Y. Zhang, M. C. Jiang, Y. J. Yang, D. J. Zhang
Abstract— Brassica campestris L. is the important oil-bearing crop in China. Rapeseed cake is the main byproduct of rapeseed oil extraction. As the main active ingredient in rapeseed cake, sinapine has several important biological activities. Therefore, the inhibitory activity of sinapine on tyrosinase in vitro and its free radical-scavenging rate were determined. Tyrosinase activity in A-375 human
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shRNA-Mediated Suppression of γ-Synuclein Leading to Downregulation of p38/ERK/JNK Phosphorylation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Endometrial Cancer Cells Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 D. Sun, W.-Y. Li, S.-H. Chen, Z.-F. Zhi, H.-S. Lin, J.-T. Fan, Y.-J. Fan
Abstract In this study, we explored the effects of treating human endometrial cancer cells with γ-synuclein-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and elucidated the associated mechanisms in vitro and in vivo through the p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CCK8, Transwell, and scratch
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Increasing the Uniformity of Genome Fragment Coverage for High-Throughput Sequencing of Influenza A Virus Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Y. V. Mikhaylova, A. A. Shelenkov, Y. G. Yanushevich, D. A. Shagin
Abstract The high variability of the influenza A virus poses a significant threat to public health, therefore monitoring viral strains and studying their genetic properties are important tasks. One part of this monitoring includes sequencing of influenza A viruses of any subtype and analysis of their whole genomes, which is especially important in cases of interspecies adaptation and reassortment.
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Phylogeography and Mitochondrial Polymorphism of Asian Coho Salmon Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 D. A. Zelenina, V. A. Soshnina, A. A. Sergeev
Abstract Multiple Pleistocene glaciations significantly affected the gene pool of many species inhabiting the Northern part of the Pacific Rim, an area with a rich glacial history. This paper is devoted to the study of intraspecific polymorphism of the coho salmon and the routes of its settlement throughout the Asian part of its range. Such problems are traditionally solved by comparing parts of the
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The Effect of I155T, K156Q, K156E and N186K Mutations in Hemagglutinin on the Virulence and Reproduction of Influenza A/H5N1 Viruses Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 T. A. Timofeeva, G. K. Sadykova, N. F. Lomakina, A. S. Gambaryan, I. A. Rudneva, E. B. Timofeeva, A. A. Shilov, E. Y. Boravleva, M. M. Zhuravleva, P. A. Ivanov, E. L. Ryazanova, A. G. Prilipov
Abstract— The continued circulation of influenza A virus subtype H5 may cause the emergence of new potential pandemic virus variants, which can be transmitted from person to person. The occurrence of such variants is mainly related to mutations in hemagglutinin (HA). Previously we discovered mutations in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin, which contributes to virus immune evasion. The purpose of this
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Effects of the Hydrogen Sulfide Donor GYY4137 and HSP70 Protein on the Activation of SH-SY5Y Cells by Lipopolysaccharide Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 M. M. Yurinskaya, D. G. Garbuz, V. N. Afanasiev, M. B. Evgen’ev, M. G. Vinokurov
Abstract The effects of exogenous recombinant human heat shock protein Hsp70 and hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on the mechanisms of endocytosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y were studied. Hsp70 and GYY4137 have been shown to significantly reduce LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators by SH-SY5Y cells, including reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, TNFα
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Key Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Biomarkers, and Potential Interventions Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 E. N. Proshkina, I. A. Solovev, M. V. Shaposhnikov, A. A. Moskalev
Abstract The mechanisms of aging are described at the molecular, cell, tissue, and systemic levels. Primary age-dependent molecular lesions activate the cell stress response to compensate for the resulting defects, but the mechanisms that recover and maintain homeostasis are gradually deteriorated. When the amount of errors reaches a critical threshold in regulatory networks, a phase transition from
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Microarray for Quantitative Determination of Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Culture Medium Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 S. A. Voloshin, G. U. Feyzkhanova, E. N. Savvateeva, O. V. Smoldovskaya, A. Yu. Rubina
Abstract Cytokines and acute phase proteins play an important role in the development of the immune response during inflammatory reactions. Depending on the type of disease, the development of inflammation is accompanied by changes in concentrations (both decrease and increase) of not one, but many inflammatory biomarkers. Here, a quantitative microarray-based method for multiplex immunoassay of eight
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Hypoxia Accelerate β-actin Expression through Transcriptional Activation of ACTB by Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 X. T. Wang, K. Cheng, L. Zhu
Abstract Cytoskeletal protein β-actin is abundant both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, its mRNA is commonly utilized an internal control for gene expression analysis. Recent reports demostrated that hypoxia influences the levels of β-actin in a variety of cells. The mechanism underlying this change are not yet elucidated. In this work, we show that the changes in the levels of hypoxia-induced Nuclear
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Noncoding Polymorphism rs6832151 Is an Attractive Candidate for Genome Editing Aimed at Finding New Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 A. S. Ustiugova, M. A. Afanasyeva
Abstract—Currently only a small fraction of the proteins encoded in the human genome serve as pharmaceutical targets. Genome-wide association studies are a powerful tool to uncover new genetic loci responsible for predisposition to complex diseases, such as autoimmune disorders. However, further work is still required to identify causative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which directly mediate
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Identification and Characterization of circRNAs in the Developing Stem Cambium of Poplar Seedlings Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 W. Q. Zheng, Y. Zhang, B. Chen, M. Wei, X. W. Wang, L. Du
Abstract Non-coding RNAs are a class of RNAs with multiple roles in plant life. Covalently closed circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) have been recently shown to be a group of RNA isoforms that show widespread tissue-specific expression in plants, often cooperating with the corresponding linear mRNAs to regulate gene function. However, no previous study of poplar has identified circRNAs in the cambium
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Efficiency of RNA Hydrolysis by Binase from Bacillus pumilus : The Impact of Substrate Structure, Metal Ions, and Low Molecular Weight Nucleotide Compounds Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 A. A. Kuznetsova, A. A. Akhmetgalieva, V. V. Ulyanova, O. N. Ilinskaya, O. S. Fedorova, N. A. Kuznetsov
Abstract Binase is an extracellular guanyl-preferring ribonuclease from Bacillus pumilus. The main biological function of binase is RNA degradation with the formation of guanosine-2',3'-cyclic phosphate and its subsequent hydrolysis to 3'-phosphate. Extracellular RNases are believed to be key agents that affect the functional activity of the body, as they directly interact with epithelial and immune
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Relationship between Type I and Type II Template Processes: Amyloids and Genome Stability Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Yu. V. Andreychuk, S. P. Zadorsky, A. S. Zhuk, E. I. Stepchenkova, S. G. Inge-Vechtomov
Abstract Classical views of hereditary mechanisms consider linear nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, as template molecules wherein genetic information is encoded by the sequence of nitrogenous bases. The template principle embodied in the central dogma of molecular biology describes the allowed paths of genetic information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins. The discovery of prions revealed an additional
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Functional Characteristics of Long Noncoding RNAs Containing Sequences of Mobile Genetic Elements Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 K. A. Tatosyan, L. S. Zinevich, D. E. Demin, A. M. Schwartz
Abstract Long nonconding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform a variety of functions: they are involved in chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and regulation of activity and stability of some proteins. The majority of known lncRNAs contain sequences of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in a sense or antisense orientation. According to several
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Alternative Variants of Pax4 Human Transcription Factor: Comparative Transcriptional Activity Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 A. I. Melnikova, T. S. Krasnova, N. A. Zubkova, A. N. Tiulpakov, P. M. Rubtsov
Abstract MODY is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous forms of diabetes characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and is subdivided in 13 subtypes dependent on the gene involved. The subtype MODY9 is a very rare form caused by mutations in the gene encoding the PAX4 transcription factor which is engaged in differentiation of pancreatic beta-cells. PAX4 contains two DNA-binding
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Retrovirus Restriction Factor TRIM5α: The Mechanism of Action and Prospects for Use in Gene Therapy of HIV Infection Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 D. V. Glazkova, F. A. Urusov, E. V. Bogoslovskaya, G. A. Shipulin
Abstract— It is commonly known that the antiviral activity of the TRIM5α protein, the intracellular retrovirus restriction factor, underlies the resistance of the Old World monkeys to HIV-1. This fact suggests that TRIM5α can potentially be used to cure HIV-1 infection in humans. The present review considers the mechanisms of HIV-1 replication inhibition by the TRIM5α protein and the prospects for
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CbCYP716A261, a New β-Amyrin 28-Hydroxylase Involved in Conyzasaponin Biosynthesis from Conyza blinii Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 R. Sun, J. L. Gao, H. Chen, S. Liu, Z. Z. Tang
Abstract Conyzasaponins produced by the traditional Chinese herb Conyza blinii are oleanane-type saponins with a wide range of biological activities. Here, we identified a gene, designated CbCYP716A261, encoding a β-amyrin 28-hydroxylase in conyzasaponins biosynthesis. Ten full putative CYP sequences were isolated from Conyza blinii transcript tags. The CbCYP716A261 gene product was selected as the
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Molecular Biological Aspects of Depressive Disorders: A Modern View Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 V. M. Ushakova, A. Yu. Morozova, A. M. Reznik, G. P. Kostyuk, V. P. Chekhonin
Abstract Depression is a serious mental disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment methods, the pathogenesis of depression is necessary to study in order to understand its development and find new therapies. The review describes the main mechanisms of depression, including the monoamine hypothesis, impairment of the hipotalamic–pituitary–adrenal
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The Influence of A/G Composition of 3' Stop Codon Contexts on Translation Termination Efficiency in Eukaryotes Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 E. E. Sokolova, P. K. Vlasov, T. V. Egorova, A. V. Shuvalov, E. Z. Alkalaeva
Abstract Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and
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Hyper-Resistance of the Bacillus licheniformis 24 Strain to Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Overexpression of Enzymatic Antioxidant System Genes Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 D. S. Karpov, P. G. Osipova, A. I. Domashin, N. B. Polyakov, A. I. Solovyev, M. V. Zubasheva, V. G. Zhukhovitsky, V. L. Karpov, S. V. Poddubko, N. D. Novikova
Abstract— At the International Space Station (ISS), artificial living conditions are created and maintained to satisfy human needs, these conditions are also favorable for the growth of numerous microorganisms, molds and bacteria. Among the microorganisms detected on the ISS are those from the automicroflora of crew members, and a significant number of spore-forming bacteria. In most cases, this group
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Long Non-Coding RNAs as Competitive Endogenous RNAs in Osteosarcoma Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 N. E. Kushlinskii, M. V. Fridman, E. A. Braga
Abstract— It was more than twenty years ago that miRNAs were recognized as a new class of RNA, but the understanding of their regulatory role is just beginning to emerge. Furthermore, it was found that the function of miRNAs as “master regulators” can be controlled by other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). The regulatory functions of lncRNAs have been indicated in tumors
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The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector. Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 T A Zaichuk,Y D Nechipurenko,A A Adzhubey,S B Onikienko,V A Chereshnev,S S Zainutdinov,G V Kochneva,S V Netesov,O V Matveeva
Abstract To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental
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Age-Dependent Approach to Search for Genetic Variants Associated with Myocardial Infarction Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 G. J. Osmak; A. R. Sidko; I. S. Kiselev; O. O. Favorova
AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI), one of the most common manifestations of cardiovascular system aging, is often fatal. The vast majority of studies on genetic susceptibility to age-dependent diseases are carried out using the case–control study design. However, its use involves a number of difficulties, most of which arise when establishing the control group of relatively healthy individuals. In
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The State of The Jak/Stat Pathway Affects the Sensitivity of Tumor Cells to Oncolytic Enteroviruses Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 T. H. Le; A. V. Lipatova; M. A. Volskaya; O. A. Tikhonova; P. M. Chumakov
AbstractA test of the sensitivity of seven colon cancer cell lines to a panel of 12 nonpathogenic human enteroviruses revealed significant differences in the ability of tumor cells to become infected and replicate different viral strains. Among the factors that can affect the sensitivity of cells to viruses are differences in the state of the mechanisms of antiviral protection, associated with a reaction
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Regulation of Gene Expression of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Colorectal Cancer Patients Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 D. S. Kutilin
AbstractThe transcriptional activity of genes encoding cancer/testis antigens (CTA) and its regulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well understood. The expression of CTA coding genes (CT genes) and possible mechanisms for its regulation, including expression and copy number of DNA methyltransferase genes, copy number of CT genes, microRNA expression, and LINE-1 methylation in CRC were analyzed
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In vitro and in silico Determination of the Interaction of Artemisinin with Human Serum Albumin Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 S. Ginosyan; H. Grabski; S. Tiratsuyan
AbstractArtemisinins are secondary metabolites of the medicinal plant Artemisia annua, have anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulating, antimicrobial and other properties. However, the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, exact molecular targets of artemisinin are not well known. The interaction of artemisinin with human serum albumin was studied both in vitro and in silico, and compared
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Age Dynamics of Telomere Length in Endemic Baikal Planarians Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 A. G. Koroleva; E. V. Evtushenko; A. V. Vershinin; E. P. Zaytseva; O. A. Timoshkin; S. V. Kirilchik
AbstractAge-related changes in telomere length (TL) in somatic tissues are not limited only to shortening. It is known that many organisms show different TL dynamics. Such species specificity indicates the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of TL. Owing to their morphological, physiological, and ecological features, Baikal planarians are an interesting model for studying the TL
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sFRP1 Expression Induces miRNAs That Modulate Wnt Signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 M. Pehlivan; M. Soyoz; B. Cerci; H. I. K. Coven; Z. Yuce; H. O. Sercan
AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease characterized by myeloid expansion. The hallmark of the disease is the Philadelphia chromosome, which results in the formation of the BCR-ABL oncogene, a tyrosine kinase that is involved in many signaling pathways including Wnt signaling. The latter has a unique role in chronic myeloid leukemia progression; activated signaling
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Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Novel Laccase Enzyme from Native Bacillus subtilis Strain OH67 Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 O. Hajipour; N. Mercan Dogan; S. Dincer; M. Norizadehazehkand
AbstractBacterial laccases are very stable at high temperature and high pH values, and have many biotechnological and industrial applications. Here we describe how we cloned, expressed and purified the laccase from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The enzyme molecular weight has been determined as 34 kDa in SDS- PAGE analysis. The activity of the recombinant enzyme has been proved by guaiacol oxidation
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Alteration in the Expression of Genes Encoding Primary Metabolism Enzymes and Plastid Transporters during the Culture Growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 R. K. Puzanskiy; D. A. Romanyuk; A. A. Kirpichnikova; M. F. Shishova
AbstractIn a mixotrophic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii culture, the expression levels of genes encoding primary metabolic enzymes and chloroplast plastid transporters were analyzed. For the majority of the genes studied, their expression levels decreased as they approached the final stages of culture growth. During the period of exponential growth, the expression profiles changed more intensively than
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The Role of Cysteine Residues in the Interaction of Nicking Endonuclease BspD6I with DNA Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 L. A. Abrosimova; A. R. Samsonova; T. A. Perevyazova; A. K. Yunusova; R. I. Artyukh; E. A. Romanova; L. A. Zheleznaya; T. S. Oretskaya; E. A. Kubareva
AbstractNicking endonucleases (NEs) are a small, poorly studied family of restriction endonucleases. The enzymes recognize a target sequence in DNA, but catalyze the hydrolysis of only one strand. The mechanism of their action is important to study because NEs with new specificities are necessary to design to solve the practical tasks of biotechnology. One of the modern approaches for investigation
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RNA Degradation in Eukaryotic Cells Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 K. A. Tatosyan; I. G. Ustyantsev; D. A. Kramerov
AbstractRNA is a crucial component of every living organism and is necessary for gene expression and its regulation in the cell. Mechanisms of RNA synthesis (especially mRNA synthesis) were a subject of extensive study for a long time. More recently, RNA degradation pathways began to be considered as equally important part of eukaryotic cell metabolism. These pathways have been studied intensely, and
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Genomic Markers Associated with Cold-Hardiness in Brassica rapa L. Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 A. V. Amosova; T. E. Samatadze; G. V. Mozgova; V. N. Kipen; A. G. Dubovskaya; A. M. Artemyeva; O. Yu. Yurkevich; S. A. Zoshchuk; V. A. Lemesh; O. V. Muravenko
AbstractBrassica rapa L. is a valuable and widespread species, but its cultivation in risk farming areas requires high-quality cold-hardy varieties to be developed. Mechanisms of the cold stress response in plants involve expression of numerous genes, including ribosomal ones, and are related to plant chromosome variability. FISH- and PCR-based methods were used to study intraspecific chromosome variability
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Expanding the Genetic Code: Unnatural Base Pairs in Biological Systems Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 S. A. Mukba; P. K. Vlasov; P. M. Kolosov; E. Y. Shuvalova; T. V. Egorova; E. Z. Alkalaeva
AbstractThe genetic code is considered to use five nucleic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil), which form two pairs for encoding information in DNA and two pairs for encoding information in RNA. Nevertheless, in recent years several artificial base pairs have been developed in attempts to expand the genetic code. Employment of these additional base pairs increases the information
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Variability of the Mitochondrial Genome and Development of the Primary Progressing form of Multiple Sclerosis Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 M. S. Kozin; O. G. Kulakova; I. S. Kiselev; A. N. Boyko; O. O. Favorova
AbstractsRecently, it has been shown that dysfunction of mitochondria is an important component of the molecular mechanisms of the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. These include multiple sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, which is characterized by clinical heterogeneity. The role of genetic variability of mitochondrial DNA in
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Changes in Titin Structure during Its Aggregation Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 A. G. Bobylev; E. I. Yakupova; L. G. Bobyleva; O. V. Galzitskaya; A. D. Nikulin; S. A. Shumeyko; D. A. Yurshenas; I. M. Vikhlyantsev
AbstractIn this paper, the property of the muscle titin protein to form in vitro specific amyloid-like aggregates is discussed. The main difference from the known amyloid aggregates is the formation of a quaternary structure that resembles cross-β, with no changes in the secondary structure. Based on the results obtained earlier, as well as the results of this study, we make assumptions about changes
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Effects of SGI-1027 on Formation and Elimination of PrP Sc in Prion-Infected Cells Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 J. J. Li; C. S. Ryou; D.-H. Kim
AbstractRecently, SGI-1027, a well-known inhibitor of DNA-methyl transferases (DNMTs), was reported to effectively reduce formation of pathogenic PrPSc in prion-infected cells. Herein, we confirm the elimination of PrPSc in chronic wasting disease (CWD) prion-infected neurons by SGI-1027, and pinpoint the binding region of human prion protein to SGI-1027. SGI-1027 is broadly functional against various
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Drosophila rDNA Genes Shape the Stable Contacts with the Tlk Gene at the Expression Area of Small RNAs and Affect on Looped Domains inside the Gene Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 O. V. Kretova; D. M. Fedoseeva; I. Y. Slovohotov; E. S. Klushevskaya; Y. V. Kravatsky; N. A. Tchurikov
In experiments on mouse and human cells it was demonstrated that rDNA plays an important role in epigenetic regulation of many genes. To identify and study rDNA-contacting genes in Drosophila we used the 4С (circular chromosome conformation capture) approach. We detected very stable contacts of rDNA genes within a 5-kb region inside the Tlk gene residing in X chromosome. This 5-kb region corresponds
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Comparative Analysis of the Structure of Three piRNA Clusters in the Drosophila melanogaster Genome Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 A. P. Kotnova; Yu. V. Ilyin
AbstractHere we attempt to reconstruct the sequence of events that led to the formation of three regulatory piRNA clusters, namely, 20A, 38C and flamenco in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Both the 38C and flamenco clusters include inverted sequences, which potentially form double-stranded RNA hairpins. We present evidence in favor of the well-known hypothesis of piRNA clusters as “transposon traps”
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Maintenance of Plasmid Expression in vivo Depends Primarily on the CpG Contents of the Vector and Transgene Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 A. V. Bruter; M. V. Kalashnikova; A. P. Prytyko; A. V. Belyavsky
AbstractPlasmid-mediated gene therapy, being a safe and relatively inexpensive therapeutic strategy, is plagued by a fast silencing of transgene expression. The silencing severely reduces the long-term efficiency of plasmid vectors. We have earlier constructed a low-CpG pMBR2 plasmid vector supporting prolonged expression of transgenes in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Long-term expression from the
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Prospective Applications of Single-Domain Antibodies in Biomedicine Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 S. V. Tillib
AbstractMethods that utilize highly specific antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, various recombinant molecules with antibody properties and immunocorrection and immunoprophylaxis with the help of vaccines are in demand and are intensely developed in the field of biomedicine. Techniques to generate specific single-domain recombinant antibodies (nanobodies) and their derivatives have raised great
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Detecting Large Germline Rearrangements of BRCA1 by Next Generation Tumor Sequencing Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 A. Minucci; G. Mazzuccato; C. Marchetti; A. Pietragalla; G. Scambia; A. Fagotti; A. Urbani
AbstractA majority of BRCA1/2 (BRCA) pathogenic variants (PVs) are single nucleotide substitutions or small insertions/deletions. Copy number variations (CNVs), also known as large genomic rearrangements (LGRs), have been identified in BRCA genes. LGRs detection is a mandatory analysis in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families, if no predisposing PVs are found by sequencing. Next generation
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A Study of the Fertility of a Drosophila melanogaster MS Strain with Impaired Transposition Control of the gypsy Mobile Element Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 I. V. Kukushkina; P. A. Makhnovskii; L. N. Nefedova; E. A. Balakireva; N. I. Romanova; I. V. Kuzmin; A. R. Lavrenov; A. I. Kim
AbstractThe flamenco locus is one of the main components of the piRNA pathway of regulation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutations at this locus lead to an increase in the transposition activity of MGEs and, as a result, to genetic instability. In this paper, the fertility of a genetically unstable MS strain obtained more than 25 years ago and characterized by a mutation
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Replacement of Hydroxylated His39 in Ribosomal Protein uL15 with Ala or Thr Impairs the Translational Activity of Human Ribosomes Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 D. D. Yanshina; A. V. Gopanenko; G. G. Karpova; A. A. Malygin
AbstractPost-translational hydroxylation occurs in three mammalian ribosomal proteins, uS12, uL2, and uL15, which are located in the small (S) and large (L) subunits of the ribosome near the most important decoding and peptidyltransferase functional centers. We have used cell cultures, which produce protein uL15 labeled with the 3xFLAG epitope at the C-terminus (uL153xFLAG) or mutant forms of uL153xFLAG
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The Role of Natural Selection in the Formation of the Genetic Structure of Populations by SNP Markers in Association with Body Mass Index and Obesity Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 E. A. Trifonova; A. A. Popovich; A. V. Bocharova; K. V. Vagaitseva; V. A. Stepanov
Abstract—Obesity is one of the major challenges in modern society. More than a third of the world’s population suffers froms overweight. This phenotype affects the quality of life and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and reproductive disorders. The population variability of allele frequencies of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms, in association with obesity and body mass
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Complexity of Detecting CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Homologous Recombination in Zebrafish Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Y. Pi; K. Z. He; W. Q. Zhang; Z. Q. Dong; F. G. Jiang; K. J. Jiang; S. Guo
AbstractHomology-directed (HD) genome modification offers an opportunity to precisely modify the genome. Despite reported successful cases, for many loci, precise genome editing remains challenging and inefficient in vivo. Here we report an effort to precisely knock-in a GFP reporter into gad locus mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 system in the zebrafish Danio rerio. PCR artifact was detected in testing for
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High Expression Level of SP1, CSF1R, and PAK1 Correlates with Sensitivity of Leukemia Cells to the Antibiotic Mithramycin Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 E. R. Vagapova; T. D. Lebedev; A. D. Tikhonova; B. V. Goikhman; K. A. Ivanenko; P. V. Spirin; V. S. Prassolov
Abstract—Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous group of oncological diseases of the hematopoietic system, which are extremely difficult to treat. The development of new targeted drugs (Hylteritinib, Venetoclax) significantly improved the survival of patients, but resistance, as well as cytotoxic anti-leukemia drugs, often occurs. The search for new molecular targets for the development
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tRNA Wobble Base Modifications and Boric Acid Resistance in Yeast: Boron-Resistant Deletion Mutants Induce the General Amino Acid Control Mechanism and Activate Boron Efflux Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 İ. Uluisik; H. C. Karakaya; A. Koc
AbstractBoric acid is essential for plants and has many vital roles in animals and microorganisms. However, its high doses are toxic to all organisms. We previously screened yeast deletion collections to identify boric acid-resistant and susceptible mutants to identify genes that play a role in boron tolerance. Here, we analyzed boron resistant mutants (elp1∆, elp3∆, elp6∆, ncs2∆, ncs6∆ and kti12∆)
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Cys-Flanked Cationic Peptides For Cell Delivery of the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 A. A. Egorova; S. V. Shtykalova; M. A. Maretina; A. V. Selyutin; N. Yu. Shved; N. V. Krylova; A. V. Ilina; I. A. Pyankov; S. A. Freund; S. A. Selkov; V. S. Baranov; A. V. Kiselev
Abstract—Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor in women of reproductive age. Gene therapy using suicidal genes appears to be a promising approach for UL treatment. One of key factors for success of gene therapy is the right choice of genetic construct carrier. A promising group of non-viral carriers for cell delivery of expression vectors is cationic Cys-flanked peptides which form
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Modification of the 5' End of mRNA Leader Sequence Alters the Set of Initiation Factors Essential for Initiation of Translation Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 P. A. Sakharov; E. A. Sogorin; S. Ch. Agalarov; V. A. Kolb
AbstractThe abundance of noncanonical mechanisms of eukaryotic initiation of translation indicates their involvement in the regulation of protein synthesis during key events in a cell life. One of the well-known examples of a noncanonical cap-independent process is the initiation of translation of mRNA with the 5'‑untranslated (leader) region of the messenger encoding for the photoprotein obelin (the
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The pH-Sensitive Potassium Channel TASK-1 Is a Chemosensor for Central Respiratory Regulation in Rats Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Q. Q. Li; K. X. Wan; M. S. Xu; L. M. Wang; Y. Y. Zhang; C. T. Wang; F. X. Mao; J. L. Zhu; Z. M. Pan; R. Gao
AbstractTWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel-1 (TASK-1) is a “leak” potassium channel sensitive to extracellular protons. It contributes to setting the resting potential in mammalian neurons. TASK-1 channels are widely expressed in respiratory-related neurons in the central nervous system. Inhibition of TASK-1 by extracellular acidosis can depolarize and increase the excitability of these
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Driver Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Inversion of Chromosome 16 Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 L. G. Ghukasyan; G. S. Krasnov; O. V. Muravenko; A. Y. Ikonnikova; R. A. Yurasov; L. V. Baidun; S. Z. Ibragimova; T. V. Nasedkina
AbstractCertain subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia occur as a result of the cooperation of several events these are, the formation of fusion genes as a result of chromosomal rearrangements, which leads to the disruption of cell differentiation, and the emergence of mutations that enhance cellular proliferation by activating intracellular signaling pathways. High-throughput sequencing methods reveal
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Structure of Neuroglobin from Cold-Water Sponge Halisarca dujardinii Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 K. I. Adameyko; O. I. Kravchuk; A. D. Finoshin; A. N. Bonchuk; A. A. Georgiev; V. S. Mikhailov; N. G. Gornostaev; K. V. Mikhailov; A. V. Bacheva; M. I. Indeykina; A. E. Bugrova; G. R. Gazizova; O. S. Kozlova; O. A. Gusev; E. I. Shagimardanova; Y. V. Lyupina
AbstractThe iron-containing protein neuroglobin (Ngb) involved in the transport of oxygen is generally considered the precursor of all animal globins. In this report, we studied the structure of Ngb of the cold-water sponge Halisarca dujardinii. In sponges, the oldest multicellular organisms, the Ngb gene contains three introns. In contrast to human Ngb, its promoter contains a TATA-box, rather than
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Healthy Aging: Antioxidants, Uncouplers and/or Telomerase? Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Y. E. Yegorov
AbstractThe free radical theory of aging was proposed in 1956. Although it does not fully describe the mechanisms of aging, it is generally accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the pathogenetic factors in aging and, in particular, in the development of pathologies associated with aging. The main source of ROS in the cell is mitochondria. Antioxidants directed to mitochondria have
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Functional Characterization of ZmHAK1 Promoter and Its Regulatory Transcription Factors in Maize Mol. Biol. (IF 1.023) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 H. Sheng; D. L. Cong; H. Y. Ju
AbstractPotassium (K+) deficiency in the soil may seriously affect the yield and quality of plants, which usually satisfy their potassium requirements by engaging their K+ transporters and/or channels. High-affinity potassium transporter (ZmHAK) family members play crucial role in the uptake and distribution of K+ in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we describe the function of ZmHAK1 promoter and its upstream