Abstract—rDNA genes play an important role in epigenetic regulation and in differentiation of eukaryotic cells. Using the 4C (circular chromosome conformation capture) approach and model HEK293T cells, we analyzed the rDNA-contacting gene FANK1, using anchor located inside rDNA genes. At the 5' end of the FANK1 gene we detected frequent contacts with rDNA clusters. The contact sites coincide with the

Abstract The thermal stability of protein enzymes is determined in vitro by measuring the enzymatic activity during incubation at constant temperature. Refolding of thermal inactivated enzymes is carried out both in vitro and in vivo, in the presence of chaperones, usually at temperature optimal for the particular enzyme for the manifestation of enzymatic activity. In the present work thermal stability

Abstract—Mutual arrangement, or packing, of α-helices in proteins depends on several factors, but, tight packing and the chemical nature of the polypeptide chain are the most important. This study shows, for the first time, that the torsion packing angles between axes of α-helices depend on their length. A database of helical pairs formed by two connected and juxtaposed α-helices has been compiled

Abstract—Novel treatments for various types of malignant diseases are warranted. In this study, we evaluated JAK2 inhibitors (Janus kinase 2) for suppressing the growth of malignant neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells as well as breast and non-small cell lung cancers. Neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells are the most sensitive to the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. A study of the relative expression of receptors

Abstract A brief review of current data on the molecular biology of stem cells forming meristems and differentiating into various organs of angiosperms is presented. Different primary and secondary meristems are compared. The interactions of some hormones, regulatory gene networks, and signaling pathways in different types of meristems are described.

Abstract Influenza A virus is capable of rapidly infecting large human populations, warranting the development of novel drugs to efficiently inhibit virus replication. A transmembrane ion channel formed by the M2 protein plays an important role in influenza virus replication. A reasonable approach to designing an effective antivirus drug is constructing a molecule that binds in the M2 transmembrane

Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the features of the genetic structure of myocardial infarction (MI) susceptibility depending on age (“early MI” denoting individuals who had the first MI before the age of 60 years, and “late MI” the group of patients with the first “MI after 60 years”). A total of 355 patients were examined (n = 121 early MI and n = 234 late MI) and 285 residents of the

The study of extracellular miRNA is one of the most dynamic areas of modern biomedical research. Oftentimes, there is a need to isolate miRNAs associated with a particular carrier, for example, a ribonucleoprotein complex. The most thoroughly investigated protein component of these complexes is Ago2. Complexes are commonly isolated by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. Here we compare three

Abstract Obesity is a major disease that causes significant complications. Inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation has the potential to prevent obesity and metabolic diseases. Melatonin is a pineal gland hormone that has various effects on cells and tissues. In this research, we investigated whether melatonin induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured until confluence

Abstract Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), which was initially identified in the striatum, is encoded by the Ptpn5 gene and is expressed in neurons of various structures of the brain. STEP is involved in regulating neuroplasticity, and its expression abnormalities are associated with human neurodegenerative disorders. The STEP inhibitor 8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine

Abstract A synthetic genetic chain was created—a two-promoter integrator, the activity of the output signal of which is high only with the high activity of two promoters at the input of the chain. The integrator is shown to work by the example of cancer-specific promoters of the human survivin and telomerase genes that can be used for specific transcription of target genes in tumor cells. To create

Abstract—The large amount of the DNA- and RNA-binding protein regulatory factors contain Zn-domains. Total six Zn-CysHis factor families with different functions were considered. Among them the transcription factors of family PF00096, complex type Zn-Cys2His2, is the most important because it includes over 340.000 members of 365.000 total members listed at present in the Zn-containing factor families

Thanks to their strong immunostimulating properties and safety for humans, plant viruses represent an appropriate basis for the design of novel vaccines. The coat protein of Alternanthera mosaic virus can form virus-like particles that are stable under physiological conditions and have adjuvant properties. This work presents a recombinant human rotavirus A antigen based on the epitope of rotavirus

Abstract DNA hypermethylation and mutations are key mechanisms for the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. NotI-microarrays allowed us to detect hypermethylation and/or deletions in 180 NotI sites associated with 188 genes of human chromosome 3, in 24 paired (tumor/normal) colon samples. The most frequent aberrations (in more than 20% of tumor samples) were detected in the promoter regions of

Abstract The actin-binding proteins profilin, fascin, and ezrin were tested for involvement in metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The levels of the PFN1, FSCN1, and EZR mRNAs and respective proteins were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting; tumor and adjacent normal lung tissue samples were obtained from 46 NSCLC patients. Patients with lymphatic metastasis had higher expression

Abstract To clarify genetic differences between subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus, their distribution, and hybridization, we first conducted a comparative analysis of variability of nucleotide sequences of fragments of the nuclear gene Brca1, exon 11 (2331 bp), and mitochondrial gene Cox1 (1260 bp) in 40 house mice from West and East Europe, Transcaucasia, Siberia, and Central and South Asia

Abstract PARP10 is an intracellular mono-ADP ribosyltransferase and recent reports suggest that it regulates proliferation of some cell types. However, its effect on the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells has not yet been systematically reported. We explored the influence of PARP10 on the proliferation of several colorectal carcinoma cell types and carried out initial studies on the underlying

Abstract Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors and is accompanied by the induction of local and systemic inflammatory responses. Combinations of chemotherapeutic agents with immunotherapy are therefore commonly used for melanoma treatment. A B16 melanoma model was used to study the tumor suppressive, immunostimulating, and hepatotoxic effects of a combination of a small double-stranded immunostimulatory

Abstract—The leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are promising targets for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases. However, no working model of ligand binding to either of these receptors has been developed so far. Under the assumption that homologous receptors bind their ligands in a similar way, computational modeling of agonist binding to BLT1 and BLT2 was performed using fully flexible

Abstract CRISPR/Cas technology of genome editing is a powerful tool for making targeted changes in the DNA of various organisms, including plants. The choice of the precise nucleotide sequence (protospacer) in the gene to be edited is important in the design of guide RNA, which can be carried out by specialized software. We review and compare all the known on-line and off-line resources for guide RNA

Abstract— A decrease in the light in autumn and winter causes depression like seasonal affective disorders (SAD) in sensitive patients, in which the serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) brain mediator systems are involved. We studied the interaction of the 5-HT and DA brain systems in an experimental SAD model in sexually mature male mice of the congenic B6-1473C and B6-1473G lines with high and low

Abstract— Short Interspersed Elements (SINEs) are mobile genetic elements of higher eukaryotes, which originated during evolution from various tRNAs and less often from 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA. Similar to the genes of these RNAs, SINEs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcripts of some mammalian SINEs have an ability to undergo AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation, which is unique for the RNA polymerase

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the most malignant subpopulation of tumor cells that possess a tumorigenic potential and resistantance to chemotherapy. These properties make CSCs a promising target for the development of targeted antitumor therapy which is especially in demand in highly aggressive cancers. However, the correct identification of cancer cells with stem properties remains a challenge

Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a global problem nowadays and in 2017 the World Health Organization published the list of bacteria for which treatment are urgently needed, where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of critical priority. Current therapies lack efficacy because this organism creates biofilms conferring increased resistance to antibiotics and host immune responses. The strategy is to “not kill

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that CAR-T cell based therapy and oncolytic virotherapy display robust performance in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models. Rare, yet highly successful attempts to combine these therapeutic platforms have also been reported. Interestingly, both approaches have shown pronounced efficacy in human trials, albeit these were limited to just a handful

Abstract The factors that affect the labeling of NIH 3T3 murine fibroblasts with Fe3O4-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were studied using MNPs produced by the gas condensation and solution precipitation methods and MNPs surface-modified with 3-aminopropylsilane or L-lysine. The production method, surface modifications, the particle concentration and size, the state of the cell population, and the

Abstract In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been linked to drug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer relapse. This study investigates the expression profile of ZEB1, ZEB2, ABCG2 in HCC-CSCs, and the role of EMT promoter ZEB2 in cells treated with resveratrol. The expression of ZEB1, ZEB2 and ABCG2 transcripts were analyzed in

Abstract— Bacillus subtilis bacteria play an important role in veterinary medicine, medicine, and biotechnology, and the permanently growing demand for biotechnological products fuels the improvement of the properties of biotechnological strains. B. subtilis strains with improved characteristics may be obtained by rational design and the directed evolution technologies, or be found among newly described

Abstract PTTG1 (vertebrate securin) is a separation inhibitor and regulates DNA repair and transcription. The protein is predominantly expressed in the second half of the S phase and at the G2 stage. With the onset of anaphase, securin is ubiquitinated by the APC/C complex and degraded rapidly. Increased expression of PTTG1 is associated with enhanced tumor cell growth and metastasis. Recently, we

Abstract Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial cells are the main immune cells of the central nervous system. On exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, components of the cell wall of Gram-negative enterobacteria), microglia is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and inflammatory mediators, which may cause neuron death

Abstract Lysine succinylation of proteins has potential impacts on protein structure and function, which occurs on post-translation level. However, the information about the succinylation of proteins in tea plants is limited. In the present study, the significant signal of succinylation in tea plants was found by western blot. Subsequently, we performed a qualitative analysis to globally identify the

Abstract The degradation of the extracellular matrix plays an important role in the processes of morphogenesis, angio- and neurogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, carcinogenesis and others. The urokinase receptor uPAR is an important participant in processes that regulate extracellular proteolysis, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, cell migration along the chemokine gradient, proliferation

Abstract Migration of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to nearby tissues is the starting point of the metastatic process. The invasive properties of cells are especially important for carcinomas, since tumor cells need to overcome the basement membrane and go beyond its boundaries to the underlying tissues. Substances that reduce the invasive ability of malignant cells are promising as antimetastatic

Abstract— Frontotemporal dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with high clinical, genetic, and pathomorphological diversity It is the third most common cause of dementia in all ages and the most common cause of early onset dementia (below 65). Despite its multifactorial nature, up to 40% of patients have a family history where the autosomal dominant inheritance type is seen in a quarter

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with poor prognosis and high mortality. The aberrant expression or alteration of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the development and progression of cancer. Studies have shown that miR-455 plays a regulatory role in the development of HCC. Therefore, in the present study, the role of miR-455 was analyzed in HepG2 cells proliferation

Abstract This review summarizes the main achievements of recent years in molecular organization research of yeast cell surface, i.e., the compartment that consists of the coordinately functioning plasma membrane, periplasmic space, and cell wall. There are data on vesicular transport to the external environment through the cell wall and the formation of channels in the wall, which indicate the possibility

Abstract Chromatin packing in eukaryotic chromosomes has been traditionally viewed as a hierarchical process, in which nucleosome chains fold into helical chromatin fibers. These fibers would then fold into more complex regular structures. However, recent chromatin imaging studies and analyses of chromosomal DNA contacts within the 3D space of the cell nucleus have necessitated a radical revision of

Abstract Zinc ions and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in amyloid deposits and are known to modulate the β-amyloid peptide (Аβ) aggregation, which is thought to be a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Correlation spectroscopy was used to study how the H6R and D7H mutations of the metal-binding domain (MBD) of Аβ42 affect the modulation of its zinc-induced aggregation by

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exist in a close contact with their specific microenvironment, called a niche, which supports the HSC function and significantly influences the HSC properties. The existence of the HSC niche, which was proposed as a purely theoretical concept in 1978, finds increasing experimental evidence and is now generally accepted by specialists in the field of hematopoiesis

Skeletal myogenesis is an intricate process coordinated temporally by multiple myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) including Myf5, which is the first MRF expressed and marks the commitment of skeletal muscle lineage. The expression of Myf5 gene during early embryogenesis is controlled by a set of enhancer elements, and requires the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of transcriptional coactivator

To obtain a whole genome library that suppresses the total diversity of human mRNAs, lentiviral vector constructs and a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassette were optimized. The optimization of the vector increased the virus titer in preparations by 15-20 times. A simple shRNA structure with a 21-bp stem proved to be the most effective. Lentivector-based shRNA expression constructs were obtained

X-ray scattering curves for the sperm whale myoglobin molecule and a model which includes only the helical regions of the polypeptide chain are calculated. The portion of the scattering curve associated with the packing of the helices inside the protein globule is analyzed. The model of the myoglobin molecule is used to investigate the sensitivity of the scattering curve to changes in the mutual packing

A series of adenylyl-(5' yields N)-omega-arylalkylamines, containing from one to six methylene groups in the amino component, was studied by methods of nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. It was shown that independently of the length of the aliphatic chain of the amine convergence of the adenine and benzene rings and a hydrophobic interaction between them occur. The plane of the benzene

The interaction of the oligonucleotides ApApA, ApApU and ApApC with polyribouridylic acid and of hexariboinosinic acid with and without phosphate near the 3'-end with polyribocytidylic acid was studied by the method of equilibrium gel filtration through Sephadexes. The free energy, the energy and entropy of the complexing were calculated from isotherms of the adsorption of the oligonucleotides on the

Preparations of high-molecular nuclear DNA were obtained from embroys of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at the stages of early and late blastula, gastrula, and pluteus. In an equilibrium cesium chloride density gradient, these preparations exhibit a single narrow symmetrical band at 1.695-1.703 g/cm3 with a maximum at l.699 plus or minus 0.001 g/cm3 and do not contain satellite components

We have measured the alpha-deuterium and alpha-tritium secondary kinetic isotope effects on the synthesis and phosphorolysis of glycogen catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase B (EC 2.4.1.1). The isotope-labeled substrates glucose-1T-1-phosphate and 1C14-glucose-1D-1-phosphate were used in the experiments, together with 6T-glucose-1-phosphate and C14-glucose-1-phosphate as controls. Measurement by the

Enzymatic activity, hydrolyzing DNA treated with beta-isopropyl-bis-beta-chloroethylamine (HN2-DNA), HN2-DNA exposed at 50 degrees for 1 h, and DNA treated with acid, to acid-soluble fragments was found in extracts from cells of M. lysodeikticus. The endonucleolytic component ofthe indicated activity manifests chromatographic properties on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, close to those for UV-endonuclease

The ability of decomposed rat liver mitochondria, stripped of their outer membrane (fracton C) to bind 14C-DNA of phage T4 was demonstrated. The bound phage DNA is 10-15% resistant to treatment of fraction C with DNAase I. Treatment of fraction C with sarcosyl (final concentration 0.1%) and centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient (20-50%) permits the detection of a label in the Mt-DNA-membrane

The contacts between bulky hydrophobic side chains (Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Phe, Tyr, and Trp) were studied in five globins with known three-dimensional structures. It is shown that a large majority of these side chains participate in such contacts, where most often one side chain makes contact with two to four nearby side chains. The "recognition element" of a helical region is most often a pair of bulky

The rates of renaturation of ultrasonically treated DNA, isolated from fragments of rat liver chromatin, were compared. Chromatographic fractionation on hydroxylapatite was used to fractionate the denatured and renatured DNAs. It was shown that DNA fraction 1 renatures considerably faster than fraction 2. The results are compared with previously published data on the specificity coefficient of DNA

A description is provided for the effects of various concentrations of NaCl, MgC12, and urea on the precipitation of native and denatured DNA by histones. The solubility of complexes between total histones and fractions F1, F2a, F2b, and F3 with denatured and partially denatured DNA was greater than that of the complexes between histones and native DNA. The complexes formed between histones and denatured

The complex proton spin-echo decay curve was recorded for human serum albumin (SA) solutions with different concentrations in normal and heavy water. The curve included three fast-decaying components for SA, in addition to the slow-decaying component for the water. The total amplitude of these three components roughly corresponded to the number of protons in the SA (with isotopic exchange taken into

Studies were conducted on the depolymerization of polyadenylic acid (poly (A)) by RNAse A (EC 3.1.4.22) depending on the pH (pH 5-8). The results showed that depending on the pH, the ratio Vmax/Km was analogous to that described earlier for nucleoside-2', 3'-cyclophosphates and dinucleoside phosphates. This indicates that depolymerization of poly (A), transesterification and hydrolysis of specific

A light-induced reduction of the water-soluble nitroxide radical by chlorophyll in lipid and protein--lipid micelles was demonstrated. In contrast to model systems, in whole chloroplasts the NR is photoreduced by the electrons of the noncyclic electron transport chain. The initiation of cyclic electron transport in light particles, containing only photosystem I, does not lead to photoreduction of NR

Protein synthesis has been studied in a cell-free system from chick embryo, in the presence of homologous RNA isolated from free and endoplasmic reticulum-bound polyribosomes. The two RNA fractions showed equal activities in total protein synthesis. However, while the RNA from bound polyribosomes mainly supported synthesis of high molecular weight, TCA-insoluble polypeptides, the RNA from free polyribosomes

About 2% of mouse DNA reassociates at extremely low Cot values (10-7-10-6 mole-liter-1-sec). This DNA fraction was isolated with the aid of nuclease S1 and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The study of this fraction suggests that it has a structure of hairpin type. The DNA of the hairpins can hybridize with sequences forming the double-stranded regions in pre-mRNA. Probably at least some

Dense gels of E. coli 70 S ribosomes, their 50 S subunits, CM-like particles, RNP strands and their fragments, 38 S particles obtained from RNP strand folding upon addition of Mg2+ ions, and of unoriented salt-free and free rRNA sodium and magnesium salts were studied by X-ray diffraction. It was shown that under dense gel conditions RNA molecules contained in ribosomes unfolded by desalting, like

A theoretical analysis has been made of dependencies of specific enzymatic activity (a) on the concentration of the enzyme for associating enzyme systems, in which the association of protein molecules leads to the formation of linear associates of an unlimited length (M in equilibrium M2 in equilibrium M3 in equilibrium ...) and is accompanied by steric shielding of active centers, and also for systems