The consumer genomics industry is steadily growing and delivering genetic information to over 10 million individuals. Yet, the implications of using data from different services remain unclear. We investigated the genotyped sites, concordance, and genetic risk estimation using data from three consumer services-two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array based and one sequencing based. In an N-of-one

We report the clinical findings of 26 individuals from 16 unrelated families carrying variants in the COL2A1 or COL11A1 genes. Using Sanger and next-generation sequencing, 11 different COL2A1 variants (seven novel), were identified in 13 families (19 affected individuals), all diagnosed with Stickler syndrome (STL) type 1. In nine families, the COL2A1 disease-causing variant arose de novo. Phenotypically

BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever is a hereditary inflammatory disorder caused by variants in MEFV. c.2230G>T p.(Ala744Ser) rs61732874 is considered to be an established pathogenic variant in MEFV, but in this study we provide a complete evaluation that suggests this variant is likely benign. METHODS Using an in-house exome database from 924 individuals, we extracted all individuals harboring

The objectives of the present study were to identify CYP4V2 genetic variants and characterize their functional consequences. A total of 26CYP4V2 genetic variants were identified, including seven novel variants in 60 randomly selected healthy subjects. Six protein-coding variants were studied, including three novel variants (L22V, R287T, and G410C) and three previously reported variants (R36S, Q259K

The aim was to examine the association between the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) gene and the guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) gene polymorphisms and the endurance/power athlete status and relative aerobic capacity. Another goal of this study was to reveal the connection between GNB3, blood pressure (BP), body composition and body mass index (BMI). Two hundred thirty-eight

Preterm birth is associated with short- and long-term impairments affecting physical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric health. These sequelae, together with a rising preterm birth rate and increased survival, make prematurity a growing public health issue because of the increased number of individuals with impaired health throughout the life span. Although a major contribution to preterm birth comes

The UK Biobank is an unprecedented resource for human disease research. In March 2019, 49,997 exomes were made publicly available to investigators. Here we note that thousands of variant calls are unexpectedly absent from this dataset, with 641 genes showing zero variation. We show that the reason for this was an erroneous read alignment to the GRCh38 reference. The missing variants can be recovered

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UHRF gene have been shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in European and Hong Kong Chinese, but statistically significant evidence for association has not been found in a mainland Han Chinese population. Therefore, we selected SNP rs13205210 located in UHRF1BP1 as a candidate association from our previously published genome-wide

To share the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) experience of a single surgeon in our institution.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of ADIPOQ gene variants (-3971G/A rs822396 and +276G/T rs1501299) with type 2 diabetes risk in a North Indian Punjabi population. METHODS Adiponectin is one of the most abundant circulating adipocytokines in the human body that plays an important role in the metabolic processes and positively regulates energy homeostasis and insulin secretion. Several studies have

With the carrier rate of 4%-8.6%, β-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hereditary disorders in Azerbaijan. Taking into consideration the high frequency of β-thalassemia as well as the occurrences of several other hemoglobinopathies, we conducted a large genotyping study to investigate the mutational background of common hemoglobinopathies in the country. Α- and β-globin genes were evaluated in

The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene was involved in the modulation of reward and addiction pathophysiology of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with risk of methamphetamine (METH) dependence. This study aimed to investigate the FAAH mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma protein levels and to analyze the 385C/A polymorphism (rs324420) between

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one kind of severe asthenozoospermia, which is caused by dysplastic development of sperm flagella. In our study, we sought to investigate the novel gene mutations leading to severe asthenozoospermia and MMAF.

Most genome‐wide association studies used genetic‐model‐based tests assuming an additive mode of inheritance, leading to underpowered association tests in case of departure from additivity. The general regression model (GRM) association test proposed by Fisher and Wilson in 1980 makes no assumption on the genetic model. Interestingly, it also allows formal testing of the underlying genetic model. We

Previous studies have implicated common and rare genetic variants as risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Here, weighted burden analysis was applied to over 10,000 exome-sequenced subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Analyses were carried out to investigate whether rare variants predicted to have a functional effect within a gene were more commonly seen in cases

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of congenital autosomal recessive disorders with seven known subtypes (OCA1-OCA7) characterized by loss or absence of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. OCA1, caused by pathogenic variations in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene, has been documented to be the most prevalent subtype across the world including India. In the present study, we recruited 53 OCA-affected

Perrault syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by ovarian dysgenesis, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and associated with mutations in six mitochondrial proteins. Additional neurological features were also described. Herein, we report on a 27‐year‐old woman with Perrault syndrome (PS), moderate ataxia and axonal sensory‐motor peripheral neuropathy in whom we identified compound heterozygous

PTEN gene mutations are responsible for the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In this study, clinical and molecular findings of patients carrying PTEN mutations are presented. Our aim is to contribute to genotype–phenotype correlation and define the most common findings of the syndrome in pediatric patients.

The present study aimed to perform chromosome examination and pedigree analysis on three patients with semen abnormality who had undergone in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). Peripheral blood cell culture and chromosome karyotyping were performed on 4,200 individuals who had undergone chromosome examination. Among them, 155 pregnant women who had successfully conceived were subjected to

PURPOSE Laotians and Lao Isan are widely spread Lao groups who live in Laos and northeastern Thailand, respectively. We explored the genetic structure between them and other ethnic groups from Thailand to clarify historical patterns of admixture between Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers, and to expand the forensic reference database for the region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We combined new genetic data

Leigh syndrome is a clinically and radiologically heterogeneous condition with approximately 75 genes, nuclear and mitochondrial, known to be implicated in its pathogenesis. Leigh syndrome due to complex II deficiency constitutes 2% to 7% of these cases. Previously, nine individuals with Leigh syndrome have been reported with pathogenic variants in SDHB, which encodes for the iron-sulfur cluster subunit

The human dopamine transporter (hDAT) participates in dopamine homeostasis by clearing dopamine from the extracellular space using secondary active transport. Dysregulation of hDAT has been reported to be associated with different neuropsychiatric disorders. Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is a complex disease caused by defects in dopamine uptake within the synaptic cleft and patients

OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the specific role of miR-499-5p in NAFLD. METHODS Free fatty acid was used to induce HL-7702 cell line to establish a NAFLD cell model, and animal models of NAFLD were constructed by feeding C57BL/6 mice with a high-fat

The linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression method tests whether there is an association between the LD score and allele frequency differences between cases and controls. It makes the assumption that there is no association between LD score and allele frequency differences among populations and hence that any observed association is the result of a polygenic effect rather than population stratification

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable disease with systemic connective tissue disorder. Most of the patients represent autosomal dominant form of OI, and are usually resulting from the mutations in type I collagen genes. However, the gene mutations reported previously only account for ∼70% of the OI cases. Here, in a Chinese OI family, we examined seven patients and nine normal individuals

The sequence and assembly of human genomes using long-read sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of structural variation and genome organization. We compared the accuracy, continuity, and gene annotation of genome assemblies generated from either high-fidelity (HiFi) or continuous long-read (CLR) datasets from the same complete hydatidiform mole human genome. We find that the

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a well-defined multisystem chromosomal disorder that is caused by a chromosome 7q11.23 region heterozygous deletion. We explored prenatal diagnosis of WBS by ultrasound as well as multiple genetic methods to characterize the structural variants of WBS prenatally. Expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT-plus) was elected as a regular prenatal advanced screen for

KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A are the most common genes responsible for long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. However, the genetic variant frequencies of the three genes in different Chinese disease cohorts are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variants of KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A in patients from seven cohorts (total N = 11945, including patients clinically suspected to have inherited

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate pathogenic variants and molecular etiologies of Stargardt disease (STGD) in a cohort of Chinese families. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 12 unrelated STGD families diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations underwent analysis by targeted exome or whole-exome sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing, and cosegregation analysis

5α-Reductase type 2 deficiency causes a 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) characterized by ambiguous external genitalia, rudimentary prostate, and normal internal genitalia. The disease prevalence worldwide is low, but in a small and isolated village of the Venezuelan Andes, a higher incidence has been found. DNA analysis of the SRD5A2 gene was performed in three inbred affected individuals clinically

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from copper excess. Some patients with clinical Wilson's disease symptoms exhibit no or only heterozygous pathogenic variants in the coding region of the disease-causing ATP7B gene. Therefore, the ATP7B promoter region is of special interest. Metal-responsive elements (MREs) located in the ATP7B promoter are promising motifs in modulating

Mutations in the SMPX gene can disrupt the regular activity of the SMPX protein, which is involved in the hearing process. Recent reports showing a link between nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in SMPX and hearing loss, thus classifying deleterious SNPs in SMPX will be an uphill task before designing a more extensive population study. In this study, damaging nsSNPs of SMPX from

The Xq26 locus has importance in human growth with multiple genes and regions playing important roles, which potentially leads to macrosomia or microsomia if disrupted. One region of Xq26.2 comprises the genes GPC3 and GPC4; deletion or duplication of this region has been recently been shown to result in overgrowth, specifically Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. We describe a male patient with two maternally

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders whose common trait is chronic hyperglycemia. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the subtypes of DM that manifests during pregnancy. It is believed that 2%-5% of pregnancies worldwide are complicated with GDM, with the prevalence having significantly increased over the last decade. While the pathogenesis of the disease remains largely

The purpose of the present study was to explore the ability of the total genotype score (TGS) for evaluation of the polygenic profile of elite athletes. Data from a Brazilian athlete cohort were used in this study, which included 368 athletes and 818 nonathletes. The TGS targeted to power athletes was computed using from two to 10 associated polymorphisms. In all models, the power group showed a higher

Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia (OSMD) is a very rare autosomal-recessive disorder and a distinctive type of osteopetrosis, characterized mainly by skeletal fractures and deformity, osteosclerosis, and sometimes hypotonia, developmental delay, and seizures. Sequence variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) gene underlying OSMD have been reported previously. In the present study, we

BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is common in Azari-Turkish people, one of the biggest ethnic groups in Iran. In this study, we sought to investigate the mutation spectrum of the MEFV gene and any genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS AND MATERIALS 400 unrelated Azari-Turkish FMF patients were analyzed in this study. Mutations in exons 2, 3, 5, and 10 of the MEFV gene were investigated

Mutations in the GJB2 gene are a main cause of autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) in many populations. Previous studies have estimated the average frequency of GJB2 mutations to be ∼16% in Iran, but would vary among different ethnic groups. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our two previous publications and data from searching other published mutation reports

Intellectual disability (ID) describes a wide range of serious human diseases caused by defects in central nervous system development and function. Some mutant genes have been found to be associated with these diseases, but not all cases can be explained, thus suggesting that other disease-causing genes have not yet been discovered. Sialic acid is involved in a number of key biological processes, including

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic disorder manifesting as warm, swollen, and painful joints. Multiple immune cells are implicated in the development of RA. Previous studies demonstrated that integrating the genetic information of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is capable of identifying new disease-risk loci and providing novel

Mutations of MSX1 have been associated with nonsyndromic hypodontia. To seek the causal gene mutation sites in a family with nonsyndromic oligodontia, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to seek the causative locus of the family. The candidate mutation was further identified by Sanger sequencing afterward. Two mutations of MSX1 were found both in the proband and her mother. One novel heterozygous

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies constitute a vast group of pathologies of the cerebral white matter. The large number of etiopathogenic genes and the frequent unspecificity on the clinical-radiological presentation generate remarkable difficulties in the diagnosis approach. Despite recent and significant developments, molecular diagnostic yield is still

No genetic modifiers of multiple sclerosis (MS) severity have been independently validated, leading to a lack of insight into genetic determinants of the rate of disability progression. We investigated genetic modifiers of MS severity in prospectively acquired training (N = 205) and validation (N = 94) cohorts, using the following advances: (1) We focused on 113 genetic variants previously identified

Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF: α2γ2) can ameliorate the clinical severity of the β-hemoglobinopathies. Microarray analysis represents a powerful approach to identify novel genetic factors regulating the γ-globin gene. Gene expression profiling was previously performed on 14 individuals with high or normal HbF levels to identify the genetic factors that control γ-globin gene expression.

BACKGROUND Pterygium and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) are two clinically correlated ocular diseases. We propose to investigate the shared gene signature between pterygium and MGD. METHODS Microarray datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Initial processing of the data was performed using the R programming package. Gene-expression values were log2 transformed and

Biallelic mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2 cause autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 3 (MCPH3). MCPH is characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly at birth, classically without further organ involvement. Only recently, congenital cataracts were reported in four patients of one pedigree with MCPH3. Given the lack

Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS1) is characterized by acute cardiac disease (e.g., acute heart failure [AHF]), leading to acute kidney injury. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+ -dependent deacylase, has been found to be associated with CRS1. To confirm whether a correlation exists between SIRT1 variants and the risk of CRS1, the association between the prevalence of CRS1 and single-nucleotide polymorphisms

Osteoporosis is a complex bone metabolic disorder. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Mutations in more than 15 genes have been identified to be responsible for osteoporosis to date. Most recently, the gene PLS3 encoding plastin 3 was recognized to be involved in X-linked osteoporosis. Here, we recruited a four-generation Chinese family with X-linked osteoporosis

BACKGROUND N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a key enzyme involved in the phase II metabolism of aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines present in a wide range of xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the NAT2 polymorphism in the Buginese ethnic group of Indonesia to determine the frequency of NAT2 alleles in this population. RESULTS We found six haplotypes consisting of six

Unaccounted population stratification can lead to false-positive findings and can mask the true association signals in identification of disease-related genetic variants. The computational simplicity of principal component analysis (PCA) makes it a widely used method for population stratification adjustment. However, given that genotype data are generally represented by numerical values 0, 1, and 2

BACKGROUND The association between interleukin-10 (IL-10)-1082 (-1087) A > G polymorphism and either chronic (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) susceptibility was conflicting. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the association. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and WANFAN databases were searched for relevant studies that were submitted prior to January 31, 2018, and meta-analyses

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are used to investigate genetic variants contributing to complex traits. Despite discovering many loci, a large proportion of "missing" heritability remains unexplained. Gene-gene interactions may help explain some of this gap. Traditionally, gene-gene interactions have been evaluated using parametric statistical methods such as linear and logistic regression

The medieval history of several populations often suffers from scarcity of contemporary records resulting in contradictory and sometimes biased interpretations by historians. This is the situation with the population of the island of Crete, which remained relatively undisturbed until the Middle Ages when multiple wars, invasions, and occupations by foreigners took place. Historians have considered

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a heterogenous group of skin disorders characterized by a persistent thickening of the palms of the hands and sometimes soles of the feet. PPK can be classified into many types, including diffuse, transgradient, and focal or striate, where the areas of palmoplantar skin are alternatively thickened. Mutations in four main genes, keratin 9 (KRT9), keratin 1 (KRT1), desmoglein

We report on a sibling pair with the EPG5 c.1007A > G mutation who developed a severe form of Vici syndrome and died in infancy. The c.1007A > G (p.Gln336Arg) mutation, affecting the penultimate nucleotide and the splicing of exon 2 is the most common mutation of EPG5 and is typically associated with a less devastating prognosis: cardiomyopathy and cataract are less frequent consequences and the median

Ciliopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders often exhibiting phenotypic overlap and caused by abnormalities in the structure or function of cellular cilia. As such, a precise molecular diagnosis is important for guiding clinical management and genetic counseling. In the present study, two Pakistani families comprising individuals with overlapping clinical features

Oral folate is currently the most common treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which seriously threatens human health, but its efficacy is unsatisfactory. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a key enzyme that regulates Hcy metabolism. We investigated the association between the BHMT rs3733890 and the efficacy of oral folate therapy for HHcy in the Chinese Han population and analysed

The genetic background of Ménière's disease (MD) was studied in one patient with childhood-onset MD and his grandfather affected with middle age-onset MD. Whole-exome sequencing was performed and the data were compared to 76 exomes from unrelated subjects without MD. Thirteen rare inner ear expressed variants with pathogenic estimations were observed in the case of childhood-onset MD. These variants

OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that accounts for 12% of all maternal deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the polymorphisms of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 240 unrelated preeclampsia patients and 178 normotensive women were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted