Objective To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by cold-knife conization (CKC) in patients with 2018 FIGO stage IB2–IIA1 cervical cancer who desired to maintain fertility. Design Pilot study of conization after chemotherapy in stage IB2–IIA1 >2 cm cervical cancer. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) From 2014 to 2018, 25 patients, <40 years of age, were enrolled. Interventions(s)

Objective To evaluate the risk of ectopic pregnancies (EPs) for fresh cycles according to different ovarian stimulation protocols. Design Registry-based retrospective cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) A total of 68,851 clinical pregnancies after fresh single embryo transfer between 2007 and 2015. Intervention (s) None Main Outcome Measure(S) Ectopic pregnancies. Odds ratios and 95% confidence

Objective To compare clinical and ongoing pregnancy after natural cycle (NC) intrauterine insemination (IUI) versus ovarian stimulation (OS) IUI in ovulatory women undergoing therapeutic donor insemination (TDI). Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Single infertility center. Patient(s) A total of 76,643 IUI cycles in patients treated with intrauterine insemination were examined. Women undergoing TDI

Objective To examine the impact of a prepregnancy very-low-energy diet (VLED) program on time to pregnancy in women with obesity. Design Substudy of a two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial. Setting Multiple tertiary care centers. Patient(s) Women 18–38 years old with obesity (body mass index 30–55 kg/m2) and planning conception. Intervention(s) One hundred sixty-four normoglycemic women

Objective To determine whether a patient-specific predictive model combining antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels and body mass index (BMI) can aid in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other ovulatory dysfunction disorders (OVDYS) among infertile women. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic fertility center. Patient(s) One thousand and ten infertile women undergoing

Objective To study pain in women undergoing oocyte retrieval with a reduced needle (20/17 gauge) compared to a standard needle (16 gauge). Design Single-center randomized controlled trial. Setting Fertility clinic. Patients Women undergoing their first oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Interventions Oocyte retrieval with a reduced needle (20/17 gauge)

Objective To study the true prevalence of recurrent implantation failure. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A private assisted reproductive technology center. Patient(s) Women (n = 4,429) with anatomically normal uterus who underwent up to three consecutive frozen euploid single embryo transfers (FE-SETs) were included in the study. Cycles with donor eggs or gestational carriers were excluded

Objective To evaluate the applicability of the Uterine mass Magna Graecia (UMG) risk index (elevation defined by a lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme index >29) in women undergoing surgery for benign fibroids and to determine whether other factors were associated with an elevated index. An elevated UMG index has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of uterine sarcoma in Italian women

Objective To determine whether body mass index (BMI) affects intrauterine insemination treatment success. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) A total of 3,217 intrauterine insemination treatment cycles in 1,306 patients. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome was live birth rate stratified by BMI. Secondary outcomes included rates of

Objective To determine the expression and functional roles of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in leiomyoma. Design Experimental study. Setting Academic research laboratory. Patient(s) Women undergoing hysterectomy for leiomyoma. Intervention(s) Overexpression and underexpression of XIST; blockade of specific protein 1 (SP1). Main Outcome Measure(s) Expression of

Objective To examine the association between plasma glycemia in women attempting to conceive and fecundability, as measured by time to pregnancy. Design Prospective preconception population-based study. Setting Hospital. Patient(s) Asian preconception women, 18–45 years old, attempting conception for ≤12 cycles at study entry. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) We ascertained time to pregnancy

Objective To study the experiences, considerations, and motivations of patients with endometriosis in the decision-making process for deep endometriosis (DE) treatment options. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth focus group methodology. Setting University medical center. Patient(s) A total of 19 Dutch women diagnosed with DE between 27 and 47 years of age. Intervention(s) Not applicable

Objective To describe the treatments of a patient using the laparoscopic Davydov’s method for Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome and ureteral reimplantation for hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Design Surgical video article. A consent form from the patient was obtained as appropriate; the nature of the study did not necessitate ethics committee approval. There were no conflicts of interest

Objective To prospectively investigate the association of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure through critical windows of pregnancy establishment with fecundability and pregnancy loss. Design Prospective cohort study using longitudinal urine measurements of common SSRIs while women are actively trying to conceive. Setting Four clinical sites. Patient(s) A total of 1,228 women without

Objective To study whether the growth trajectory of the first, second, and third trimester, birth, and 5 years of age differs between children born following fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET), frozen−thawed embryo transfer (FET), and children born after natural conception (NC). Design Historical cohort study of children. The analysis compared cross-sectional and longitudinal differences in measurement

Objective To evaluate and compare the methylation pattern of Human Homeobox (HOX) clusters (A–D) and HOX cofactors in normal, eutopic, and ectopic endometrial tissues with ectopic and eutopic endometriosis organoids as advanced preclinical research models. Design A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) array containing 84 genes was used to analyze methylation levels of HOX clusters (A–D) and HOX cofactors

Objective To explore the relationship between couples’ prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and time to pregnancy (TTP) among those with no prior gravidity. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Local maternal/child health care or family-planning service institutions. Patient(s) A total of 2,301,782 eligible couples participating in the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects from January

Objective To evaluate the utility, responsiveness, and thresholds for clinically meaningful change of a numerical rating scale for worst pain associated with dysmenorrhea (NRS-DYS) and nonmenstrual pelvic pain (NRS-NMPP) in women with moderate to severe endometriosis-associated pain. Design Analysis of data from two phase III randomized clinical trials (EM-I [NCT01620528] and EM-II [NCT01931670]).

Objective To examine whether Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) member in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers adhere to the Society’s new advertising policy, updated in January 2018, and evaluate other services advertised by region, insurance mandate and university affiliation status. Historically, a large percentage of IVF clinics have not adhered to SART guidelines for IVF clinic website

Objective To use time-lapse imaging to compare embryo morphokinetic parameters between embryos resulting in euploid pregnancy loss and euploid embryos resulting in live birth. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single academic fertility center. Patient(s) All euploid single embryo transfers between October 2015 and January 2018. Intervention(s) Collection and analysis of baseline characteristics

Objective To explore predictors of successful sperm retrieval (SR) and to identify potentially suitable candidates for testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), a more straightforward, less traumatic, and less costly procedure than open surgical SR methods. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Academic tertiary medical center. Patients A total of 297 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Interventions

Objective To describe the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in a well-defined polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population, and to assess the impact of common PCOS treatments on sexual function. Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, oral contraceptive pills and weight loss in PCOS. Setting Two academic medical centers. Patients Women with PCOS (N = 114) defined by the Rotterdam

Multiple pregnancies following fertility treatments typically occur in 30% of women in whom more than one embryo is transferred. Worldwide, fewer than 20 countries have fully funded public fertility treatments, and many women utilizing assisted reproduction technologies are transferring more than one embryo for financial reasons because they consider it will be cheaper to have two embryos transferred

Multiple birth rates after fertility treatment are still high in many countries. Multiple births are associated with increased rates of preterm birth and low birth weight babies, in turn increasing the risk of severe morbidity for the children. The multiple birth rates vary in different countries between 2% and 3% and up to 30% in some settings. Elective single-embryo transfer, particularly in combination

In the early years of in vitro fertilization, overall pregnancy rates were low, and it was considered necessary to transfer more than one embryo to increase the chances of pregnancy. It was not until advances in assisted reproductive technologies resulting in increased pregnancy rates that the concept of transferring just one embryo was considered possible. A consequence of improvements in implantation

With increasing use of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) almost 2% of all babies born in the United States each year are now conceived with these technologies, making outcomes of IVF-ICSI extremely important not only to patients and families but to public health. Twin pregnancy rates after IVF-ICSI in the United States have declined since their peak in 2013 but

The health of children born through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is particularly vulnerable to policy decisions and market forces that play out before they are even conceived. ART treatment is costly, and public and third-party funding varies significantly between and within countries, leading to considerable variation in consumer affordability globally. These relative cost differences

Objective To investigate the embryo retention (ER) rate in embryo transfer (ET) cycles and its effects on reproductive outcomes. Design Matched retrospective cohort study. Setting A tertiary hospital−based reproductive medicine center. Patient(s) A total of 6,089 ET cycles were performed from January 2013 to December 2018 in our unit. Intervention(s) Each woman was matched with two separate control

Objective To determine whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is associated with improved outcomes compared with conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) for patients with nonsevere male factor infertility. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting University-affiliated reproductive endocrinology unit. Patient(s) Couples who received their first-cycle embryo transfer without severe oligoasthenozoospermia

Objective To determine the rate of utilization, factors influencing the decision-making process, and patient satisfaction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis for monogenic disorders (PGT-M). Design Survey study. Setting Academic center. Patient(s) Genetically at-risk patients seen for PGT-M consultation between January 2010 and 2018. Intervention(s) Electronic survey including demographics, genetic

Objective To analyze and compare the expression profile of TAC3, TACR3, KISS1, and KISS1R in mural granulosa and cumulus cells from healthy oocyte donors and patients with different infertility etiologies, including advanced maternal age, endometriosis, and low ovarian response. Design Genetic association study. Setting Private fertility clinic and public research laboratory. Patient(s) Healthy oocyte

Objective To investigate the role(s) of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and hyaluronan in disease progression of endometriosis and epidermal growth factor (EGF)−induced motility changes of endometriotic cells. Design A case-control experimental study and in vitro primary cell culture study. Setting University hospital−affiliated research centers. Patients A total of 21 women with stage I/II endometriosis

Objective To demonstrate various types of longitudinal vaginal septa (LVS), their classification, and the surgical management of typical and unique morphologic conditions of LVS. Design Video presentation of clinical appearance and surgical techniques for treatment of LVS. Setting University hospital and two private. Patient(s) Representative cases from 121 consecutive women treated from 2013 to 2018

Objective To demonstrate a simple, stepwise strategy for robot-assisted abdominal cerclage placement before pregnancy. Design Demonstrative video presentation. Surgical footage surrounding a case report is used to describe a four-step technique for robot-assisted abdominal cerclage placement in women with recurrent pregnancy loss or other anatomic variants before pregnancy. This video article was reviewed

Objective To evaluate the association of sleep parameters on female and male reproductive functions. Design Systematic review. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Female and male individuals, either healthy or infertile. Intervention(s) Relevant articles were identified according to the The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses recommendations in the PubMed and EMBASE databases

Objective To characterize circulating insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) in different stages of ovarian insufficiency and its role in the evaluation of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University-based center for reproductive medicine. Patient(s) A total of 145 women, including 48 patients with POI (25 IU/L < follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] ≤40 IU/L),

Objective To examine different expression profiles of plasma exosomal microRNA (miRNA) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls, and their potential roles in PCOS pathogenesis. Design Experimental study. Setting Center for reproductive medicine. Patient(s) Seventy-five PCOS patients and 75 age-matched controls. Intervention(s) Plasma exosomes miRNAs sequenced from 15 PCOS patients

Objective To study reproductive outcomes, and pregnancy and delivery complications after conservative or operative treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis during long-term follow-up. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) Women with rectovaginal endometriosis referred to hospital due to any indication from 2004 to 2013 (N = 543) who were treated initially either

Objective To measure free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] immediately before embryo transfer and analyze its association with early pregnancy outcome parameters such as biochemical pregnancy, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer after their first ovarian hyperstimulation. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Academically affiliated private

Objective To describe a minimally invasive 10-step technique of ethanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of an endometrioma. Design Step-by-step video demonstration of the technique. Setting University tertiary care hospital. Patient(s) Women with endometriomas defined as persistent endometriotic ovarian cysts between 25 and 100 mm of diameter, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Intervention(s)

Objective To study whether vitamin D (VitD) inhibits cell proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor−β (TGFβ) signaling pathways in uterine leiomyomas independent of mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) mutation status. Design Prospective study comparing leiomyoma vs. myometrial tissues and human uterine leiomyoma primary (HULP) cells treated with or without VitD and analyzed by

Objective To compare the psychological impact of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) on affected men and women and to determine risk and protective factors in both partners. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University-affiliated fertility center. Patient(s) Ninety female/male couples and 14 women. Intervention(s) Participants completed a questionnaire covering psychological risk factors (ScreenIVF)

Objective To study whether markers of prenatal exposure to reproductive hormones are related to Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and endometriosis. Design Case-control study. Comparison of sex hormone-related external genital and digital characteristics in cases and controls. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) We enrolled 172 women in four groups—women

Objective To assess for the first time the potential relationships of personal exposure to magnetic fields (MF) with pregnancy outcomes among a cohort of women from a fertility clinic, addressing, through study design, some of the primary limitations of previous studies on this topic. Design Longitudinal preconception prospective cohort. Setting Fertility center. Patient(s) Our analysis included 119

Objective To present the first live birth after uterine transplantation (UTx) in the People’s Republic of China. Design Case study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A 22-year-old woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome and previous surgery for vaginal reconstruction and UTx. Intervention(s) Endometrial preparation, frozen embryo transfer, pregnancy follow-up, and cesarean section

Objective To determine if short-term weight change among women with unexplained infertility (UI) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing ovulation induction is associated with live birth. Design Secondary analysis of randomized trials. Setting Multicenter fertility trial sites. Patient(s) A total of 900 women with UI and 750 women with PCOS. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth. Intervention(s)

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonographic presence of different forms of endometriosis and the associated clinical symptoms in adolescent women. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) Two hundred and seventy women aged 12–20 years referred to the gynecologic ultrasound unit from January 2014 to June 2019. Intervention(s) Two-dimensional, three-dimensional

Objective To evaluate the effect of testosterone treatment on metabolic and inflammation parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in transgender men (TGM). Design Prospective observational study. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) One hundred fifty-seven TGM. Intervention(s) Administration of testosterone undecanoate (1,000 mg, intramuscular) every 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s) Endocrine

Objective To study the impact of both controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) length and total gonadotropin (GN) dose individually and in concert on live birth rates (LBR) in both fresh and freeze-all in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. Design Historical cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) The U.S. national database from the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology

Objective To describe a computer algorithm designed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) management and to assess the algorithm’s accuracy in the day-to-day decision making during ovarian stimulation for IVF when compared to evidence-based decisions by the clinical team. Design Descriptive and comparative study of new technology. Setting Private fertility practice. Intervention(s) None. Patient(s) Data

Objective To investigate the impact of serum vitamin D level on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting Not applicable. Patients Infertile women undergoing conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Interventions Systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database

Objective To study whether low serum ferritin (s-ferritin) levels are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and whether low s-ferritin predicts the risk of another pregnancy loss or the ability to conceive. Design Cohort study. Setting Fertility clinic at a university hospital. Patient(s) Eighty-four women referred to the RPL Unit and 153 women of reproductive age with no known fertility

Objective To investigate, with pre-COVID-19 data, whether parental exposure to severe systemic infections near the time of conception is associated with pregnancy outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Population based study covering births within the United States between 2009 and 2016. Participants IBM® MarketScan® Research database covers reimbursed healthcare claims data on inpatient

Objective To design protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)–disrupting peptides covalently coupled to inert cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as sychnologically organized bioportide constructs as a strategy to modulate sperm motility. Design Experimental study. Setting Academic research laboratory. Patient(s)/Animal(s) Normozoospermic men providing samples for routine analysis and Holstein Frisian bulls. Intervention(s)

Objective To assess the efficacy of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in terms of reproductive outcomes by following FSS for borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and comparing the safety of FSS versus radical surgery (RS). Design Nationwide cohort study based on prospectively recorded data. Setting Sweden. Patient (s) All women of reproductive age (18–40 years) treated in Sweden for stage I BOT with the

Objective To determine whether subfertility in patients with endometriosis is due to impaired endometrial receptivity by comparing pregnancy and live-birth outcomes in women with endometriosis versus two control groups without suspected endometrial factors: noninfertile patients who underwent assisted reproduction to test embryos for a single-gene disorder and couples with isolated male factor infertility

Objective To study the association of endometrial thickness (EMT) with live birth rates (LBR) in ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (OS-IUI) treatments for unexplained infertility. Design Prospective cohort analysis of the Reproductive Medicine Network’s Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) randomized controlled trial. Setting Multicenter

Objective To estimate the prevalence of ovulatory cycles in eumenorrheic subfertile women and compare the diagnostic accuracy of a single ultrasound with serum midluteal progesterone measurement in detecting ovulatory cycles. Design Prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Setting University-level hospital. Patient(s) A total of 208 subfertile eumenorrheic women. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s)

Objective To demonstrate an innovative idea for a four-petal method for performing laparoscopic adenomyomectomy on a patient with focal-type adenomyosis. Design A step-by-step explanation of the technique with narrated video footage. Setting University hospital. Patient(s) A 38-year-old female with a 7 × 4 cm adenomyoma at the anterior uterine wall. Intervention(s) Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy began

Objective To assess the impact on women’s reproductive outcomes of barbed sutures to repair uterine breaches during laparoscopic myomectomy compared with traditional smooth sutures. Design Retrospective, monocentric cohort study, with information on subs