Background Cardiovascular diseases contribute to the leading cause of deaths (31%) in the world population. Objective The objective of this study is to compile non-coding RNA-gene interaction into a core regulatory network whose dysregulation might play an important role in disease progression. Method We applied a structured approach to reconstruct the interaction network of lncRNAs, miRNAs and genes

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial medical issue worldwide. The dependence of HBV replication on host cell machineries and their co-evolutionary interactions prompt the codon usage pattern of viral genes to translation selection and mutation pressure. Objective The evolutionary characteristics of HBV and the natural selection effects of the human genome on the codon usage characteristics

Background p-Coumaric acid (p-CA), a phenolic compound abundantly found in edible plants, was found to induce apoptosis in SNU-16 gastric cancer cells. However, the effects of p-CA on the microRNA expression pattern in SNU-16 cells have not been reported. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to investigate microRNA expression profiles in p-CA-treated SNU-16 cells. Methods SNU-16 cells

Background The flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus has a global distribution in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas worldwide. Previous studies proposed that globally distributed M. cephalus comprises at least 14 different lineages, and divided into two or three groups in the northwest Pacific. Therefore, we hypothesized that there may exist at least two lineages in Korea. Objective The aim of

Background A synapse is a fundamental signaling component that facilitates neuronal connectivity and information processing in the brain. Dynamic changes in the number, size, and functionality of synapse are induced by extensive signaling networks and structural proteins, which are stimulated on various neuronal activities. Changes in the expression level of synaptic proteins depend upon the physiological

Background The TFAP2 family of transcription factors, regulating gene expression related to vertebrate evolution, have been studied extensively in human cancer. However, the distinct roles of each TFAP2 in the expression and prognostic significance of lung carcinoma have not been elucidated yet. Objective This study is aimed to identify the mRNA expression and prognostic value of TFAP2 family in human

Background Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) plays a critical role in both early sex determination and later gonad development in vertebrate species. However, it remains unknown in northern snakehead (Channa argus), which is economically important freshwater fish with sexual dimorphism. Objective This study aimed to identify the expression profiles and estrogenic regulation of CaAmh during gonadal sex differentiation

BACKGROUND The increase in genetic alterations targeted by specific chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for universal use of more comprehensive genetic testing, which has highlighted the development of a lung cancer diagnostic panel using next-generation sequencing. OBJECTIVE We developed a hybridization capture-based massively parallel sequencing assay named Friendly, Integrated, Research-based

BACKGROUND Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a serious viral disease that infects the olive flounder in South Korea. The Korean aquaculture industry experienced an economic loss caused by the high infectivity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the infection density of VHSV in various organs of the olive flounder including spleen, liver, kidney, stomach, esophagus, intestine,

BACKGROUND Handedness in plants introduced by helical growth of organs is frequently observed, and it has fascinated plant scientists for decades. However, the genetic control of natural handedness has not been revealed. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, pods can be coiled in a clockwise or anti-clockwise manner, providing a model for genetic analysis of plant handedness. OBJECTIVE We aimed

BACKGROUND Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis is an endemic freshwater fish in Northeast Asia, but experienced a dramatic population decline due to over-exploitation, deteriorated habitats and global climate change. It has been listed as a threatened or endangered species in South Korea and China, respectively. However, the conservation and restoration work in wild B. lenok tsinlingensis populations

BACKGROUND Wingless-types/beta-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway is one of the most extensively studied transcriptional cascades involved in various types of organogenesis including embryonic and postnatal development. Downy feather quantity is primarily affected by follicular development and gene regulations. OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to investigate the role of catenin beta-1(CTNNB1)

BACKGROUND The apparent disconnection between biological complexity and both genome size (C-value) and gene number (G-value) is one of the long-standing biological puzzles. Gene-dense genomic sequences in prokaryotes or simple eukaryotes are highly constrained during selection, whereas gene-sparse genomic sequences in higher eukaryotes have low selection constraints. This review discusses the correlations

BACKGROUND Fertility is the most important economic trait in sows, as it is critical for profitability. Considerable phenotypic variation in litter size exists in Large White sows. However, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular and genetic bases. OBJECTIVE An experiment was conducted to screen key genes that affect the fecundity of pigs during the luteal (L) and follicular phases

BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB) is a major adverse pregnancy outcome and largely contributes to increasing neonatal and maternal mortality. Genetic and environmental factors may play an important role in the development of PTB. Numerous studies have shown that immune genes related to the immune system, such as IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα, are associated with the occurrence of PTB. OBJECTIVE We examined genetic

BACKGROUND High-risk HPV is a causative factor of cervical cancer. HPV DNA fragments integrate into host genome resulting in the constitutive expression of HPV genes E6 and E7 under the regulation of transcription factors, such as p300 and Tip60. Interestingly, Tip60, a factor with HAT (histone acetyl transferase) activity, represses HPV18 E6/E7 genes while another HAT p300 activates the transcription

BACKGROUND ACS (acute coronary syndrome), a subgroup of coronary artery disease (CHD), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Reports shown the association between methylation and CHD, while the abnormal expression of C1QTNF1 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1) in CHD patients, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyze the methylation of CpG sites of C1QTNF1

BACKGROUND Micronuclei (MN), nuclear bud (NBud), and nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) are suggested as biomarkers for radiation exposure; however, they have not been extensively studied to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for their formation. OBJECTIVES To (1) validate NBud and NPB within the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay as biomarkers for radiation exposure and (2) determine

BACKGROUND Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N). OBJECTIVE To identify pathogenic mutation in the Korean patients with CMT and distal hereditary motor neuronopathy (dHMN). METHODS

It is now evident that transcriptional gene regulation usually requires the re-organization of chromatin architecture. Increasing evidence suggested various kinds of RNAs are involved in this process. Especially the nascent RNAs retained at their site of transcription can serve as a scaffold for organizing transcriptionally either favorable or unfavorable chromatin structures. An emerging concept of

BACKGROUND As waxy maize is considered a key economic crop in Korea, an understanding of its genetic variation and differentiation is fundamental for the selective plant breeding. The maize genome is primarily composed of transposable elements, for which large and stable insertions generate variations that reflect selection during evolution. OBJECTIVES This study was to elucidate the genetic diversity

BACKGROUND LBDs, as the plant-specific gene family, play essential roles in lateral organ development, plant regeneration, as well as abiotic stress and pathogen response. However, the number and characteristic of LBD genes in Pyscomitrella patens were still obscure. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to identify the LBD family gene in moss and to determine the expression profiles of LBDs under the

Pseudogenes have been known as non-functional molecular relics developed from inactivated genomic mutations while evolution. However, they have a various function at distinct molecular stages (DNA, RNA and protein) in different biological events including in cancer and associated with parental-gene-dependently and parental-gene independently. The interactions of pseudogenes with ancestor genes or other

BACKGROUND Grape is an economically valuable fruit around the world. However, some cultivars are prone to fruit cracking during ripening, leading to severe losses. OBJECTIVE We aimed to find important metabolisms related to fruit cracking during ripening process. METHODS RNA-Sequence and analysis was applied to the pericarp of cracking-susceptible 'Xiang Fei' at 1 (W1), 2 (W2) and 3 weeks (W3) after

BACKGROUND Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have become the most significant DNA marker technology used in genetic research. The availability of complete draft genomes for a number of Palmae species has made it possible to perform genome-wide analysis of SSRs in these species. Palm trees are tropical and subtropical plants with agricultural and economic importance due to the nutritional

BACKGROUND Sweet potato is easily propagated by cuttings. But the molecular biological mechanism of adventitious root formation are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE To understand the molecular mechanisms of adventitious root formation from stem cuttings in sweet potato. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was performed using un-rooted stem (0 day) and rooted stem (3 days). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the copy number of microRNA (miR)-124 is decreased in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and that miR-124 is a tumor suppressor by targeting NF-κB p65 in B-cell lymphoma. In turn, miR-124 expression is regulated by transcription factors such as HNF4α, ETS2, and p53. However, whether and how miR-124 transcription is modulated by NF-κB transcription factors

BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a great threat to human health. DNA methylation abnormalities play a central role in the development and outcome of most human malignancies, providing potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1) can act as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the tumor microenvironment, and its role in lung cancer is still controversial

BACKGROUND Chloroplasts are a common character in plants. The chloroplasts in each plant lineage have shaped their own genomes, plastomes, by structural changes and transferring many genes to nuclear genomes during plant evolution. Some plastid genes have introns that are mostly group II introns. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to get genomic and evolutionary insights on the plastomes from green algae to

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is the most highlighted pathogen across the globe especially in developing countries. Severe gastric problems like ulcers, cancers are associated with H. pylori and its prevalence is widespread. Evolution in the genome and cross-resistance with different antibiotics are the major reason of its survival and pandemic resistance against current regimens. OBJECTIVES To prioritize

BACKGROUND Allium macranthum and Allium fasciculatum are two sister species and their natural populations are separated by high mountains and deep valleys with exact opposite habitat. The chloroplast genome in angiosperms has showed useful for investigating plant evolution and systematic studies. OBJECTIVE Comparative analysis of these genomes revealed potential markers and phylogenetic analysis, and

BACKGROUND Type Three Secretion Systems (T3SS) are nanomachine complexes, which display the ability to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This skill allows for gram-negative bacteria to modulate several host cell responses, such as cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, and cytokine production, which in turn increase the pathogenicity of these bacteria. The Salmonella enterica

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the 10th common cancer worldwide. Osteopontin has been found to enhance cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion in various human tumors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of osteopontin in bladder cancer. METHODS The RNA interference and overexpression of osteopontin were performed in bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and SCaBER). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, DNA microarray technology has emerged as a prevailing process for early identification of cancer subtypes. Several feature selection (FS) techniques have been widely applied for identifying cancer from microarray gene data but only very few studies have been conducted on distributing the feature selection process for detecting cancer subtypes. OBJECTIVE Not all

BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary related to morbidity and are the result of infection with bacteria, viruses, or both. B. bronchiseptica causes serious respiratory diseases in the swine airway track. However, the B. bronchiseptica-specific bacteriophage has diverse

BACKGROUND Taproot skin color is a major trait for assessing the commercial and nutritional quality of radish, and red-skinned radish is confirmed to improve consumer's interest and health. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for controlling the formation of red-skinned radish. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed anthocyanin biosynthetic

BACKGROUND Quantification of mRNAs in gonads and other tissues at the early critical development stage of sex differentiation may help to provide a global view of regulatory mechanisms underlying sex differentiation. We have recently reported the transcriptomic profiling of fugu gonad associated with sex differentiation. OBJECTIVES This study attempted to identify the genes in the brain that are involved

BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) had a great relationship with anesthesia during surgery, and miRNAs have been found involved in anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To explore the role and potential mechanism of miR-106a in isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS Adult male mice were treated with isoflurane anesthesia; Morris water maze tests

Background Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is the pain caused by bone metastasis from malignant tumors, and the largest source of pain for cancer patients. miR-300 is an important miRNA in cancer. It has been shown that miR-300 regulates tumorigenesis of various tumors. Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of miR-300 in CIBP and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Methods

Background Cervids have evolved very successful means for survival and thriving to adapt to various climates and environments. One of these successful means might be the effective and efficient way of communication. To support this notion, cervids are well equipped with a variety of skin glands that distribute in different body regions. However, studies relevant to adaptive evolution in cervids, particularly

BACKGROUND The sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is a novel type of membrane-embedded sugar transporter that contains seven transmembrane helices with two MtN3/saliva domains. The SWEET family plays crucial roles in multiple processes, including carbohydrate transportation, development, environmental adaptability and host-pathogen interactions. Although SWEET genes, especially

BACKGROUND Haliotis discus hannai more commonly referred to as the Pacific Abalone is of significant commercial and economical value in South Korea, with it being the second largest producer in the world. Despite this significance there is a lack of genetic studies with regards to the species. Most existing studies focused mainly on environmental factors. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review

BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a more frequent subtype of lung cancer and most cases are discovered in the late stages. The proliferation and metastasis of LUAD are pivotal for disease progression. Despite unremitting deeper understanding of LUAD biology, the mechanisms involved in the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD remain unclear. The objective of our article was to inquiry the expression

BACKGROUND Rapid identification of new essential genes is necessary to understand biological mechanisms and identify potential targets for antimicrobial drugs. Many computational methods have been proposed. OBJECTIVES To construct an essential genes classifier which satisfies more different organisms, and to study the redundancy of features used in the prediction of essential genes. METHODS We designed

OBJECTIVES MUC16 (mucin 16, also known as CA-125, cancer antigen 125, carcinoma antigen 125, or carbohydrate antigen 125) has been predicted as tumor biomarker for therapy. We determined to investigate effects and regulatory mechanism of MUC16 on cervical tumorigenesis. METHODS Expression levels of MUC16 in cervical cancer cell lines was analyzed via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain

BACKGROUND Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP) via deamination of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, a precursor for the lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Although its role is well-established in various plants, the functional significance of PAL genes in rice remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to

OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR-15a in rats following chronic constriction injury (CCI) and to investigate the regulatory functions of miR-15a during neuropathic pain (NP) development. METHODS CCI was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to set up the rat model of neuropathic pain. MiR-15a agomir and scrambled control were delivered into the implanted catheter of rats

BACKGROUND Ulmus davidiana (UD) is a traditional Korean herb medicine that is used to treat inflammatory disorders. UD has been shown to modulate a number of inflammatory processes in vitro or in vivo studies. However, the molecular mechanisms of UD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury remain to be understood. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect

BACKGROUND Sebastes schlegelii are an important species of fish found in the coastal areas of the Korea with significant commercial importance. Most studies thus far have been primarily focused on environmental factors; behavioural patterns, aquaculture, diseases and limited genetic studies with little to none related to either microRNAs (miRNAs) or transposable elements (TE). OBJECTIVES In order to

BACKGROUND Various kinds of transposable elements (TEs) constitute high proportions of eukaryotic genomes. Although most of these TEs are not actively mobile, genome stress can induce mobilization of dormant TEs. Transgenic plants undergo tissue culture and subsequent whole-plant regeneration, which can cause genomic stress and in turn induce mobilization of inactive TEs. OBJECTIVES To investigate

BACKGROUND hTERT contains a high density of minisatellites, of which rare alleles of hTERT-VNTR2-2nd have been reported to be associated with prostate cancer. This shows an association between VNTR and cancer, but this repeat sequence is likely to be associated with genomic instability. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hTERT-VNTR2-2nd on gastrointestinal cancer and the relationship between

BACKGROUND Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the critical

BACKGROUND KIF18A is a kinesin family member that is involved in various cellular processes including cell division, cell transformation, and carcinogenesis. However, its possible role in the regulation of host immunity has not been examined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the functional role of KIF18A in the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) that are the most

INTRODUCTION AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) are heterotrimeric complexes. The main upstream phosphorylase has AMP-dependent LKB1 and Ca2+-dependent CaMKK beta. AMPK also includes an auto-inhibitory domain and a region associated with beta and gamma subunits, which regulate a variety of cellular activities and energy metabolism. The increase in the ratio of AMP/ATP can stimulate the activation

BACKGROUND A leaf of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is composed of a photosynthetic blade and a non-photosynthetic large midrib; thus each leaf contains both source and sink tissues. This structure suggests that, unlike in other plants, source-sink metabolism is present in a single leaf of Chinese cabbage. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to identify the transport route of photosynthetic

BACKGROUND To study the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation is very important. OBJECTIVE To investigate the differential gene expression in leaves fed on by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki and to provide a basis for the better understanding of the essential molecular mechanism of gall formation. METHODS The infected leaves of the elm were divided into three periods: initial formation period (T2)

BACKGROUND WS24-3A is a newly bred non-heading Chinese cabbage genic male-sterile line, in which sterility is controlled by a recessive gene, designated as Bra2ms. WS24-3A has been used for hybrid breeding. OBJECTIVE To reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the sterility of WS24-3A. METHODS Cytological observation of the process of sterile/fertile anther development was performed

BACKGROUND MiR-27 has been found to present an overt myocardial expression during cardiogenesis. However, whether miR-27 involves in myocarditis development and the possible molecular mechanism remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological characteristic of miR-27 in LPS-damaged H9c2 cells. METHODS H9c2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/ml) for 12

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is a tumor associated with high morbidity and mortality and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of bladder cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To further illustrate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of BCa and identify potential therapeutic targets, we combined the transcriptomic analysis with RNA sequencing and tandem

BACKGROUND Microsatellite markers are an ideal molecular marker for population genetic studies such as population structure, pedigree, and kinship. The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) is widely distributed in coniferous and deciduous forests of eastern Asia and plays the role of an indicator and umbrella species in South Korea, given the absence of top predators such as tiger and leopard