Mono‐ and bis‐decylated lumazines have been synthesized and characterized. Namely, mono‐decyl chain [1‐decylpteridine‐2,4(1,3H )‐dione] 6a and bis‐decyl chain [1,3‐didecylpteridine‐2,4(1,3H )‐dione] 7a conjugates were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (SN 2) reactions of lumazine with 1‐iododecane in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Decyl chain coupling occurred at the N 1 site and then

The new cyrhetrenyl acylhydrazone [(CO)3Re(η5‐C5H4)‐C(O)‐NH‐N=C(CH3)‐(2‐C4H2S‐5‐NO2)] (E‐CyAH ) has been designed, synthesized and fully characterized to study the effect of having a cyrhetrenyl fragment (sensitizer) covalently bonded to an acylhydrazone moiety (switch), on its photophysical and photochemical properties. The crystal structure reveals that E‐CyAH adopts an E‐configuration around the

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive, potentially fatal forms of skin cancer, and has been shown to be associated with solar ultraviolet radiation‐dependent initiation and progression. Despite remarkable recent advances with targeted‐ and immune‐ therapeutics, lasting and recurrence‐free survival remain significant concerns. Therefore, additional novel mechanism‐based approaches are needed for effective

Herein, we report the versatile synthetic strategy and opto‐electronic properties for the phosphorylation of BODIPY derivatives 5aa‐5ak by substituting with an electron donating/withdrawing group at the ortho position. Nevertheless, this new methodology relatively promotes the tolerance of the aldehyde moiety and the high yield for the synthesis of BODIPY o‐OPhos derivatives. The photophysical studies

Satellite estimates of surface ultraviolet A (UVA) (315‐400 nm) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)‐2 were compared to ground‐based measurements at four stations in South Africa for 2015. The comparison of daily exposure and daily maximum irradiance was completed for all‐sky and clear‐sky conditions. There is a strong linear correlation between the satellite and ground‐based data with

Toluidine blue O (TBO) is a water‐soluble photosensitizer that has been used in photodynamic antimicrobial and anticancer treatments, but suffers from limited solubility in hydrophobic media. In an effort to incrementally increase TBO’s hydrophobicity, we describe the synthesis of hexanoic (TBOC6) and myristic (TBOC14) fatty acid derivatives of TBO formed in low to moderate percent yields by condensation

Sunlight ultraviolet (UV) radiation constitutes an important environmental genotoxic agent that organisms are exposed to, as it can damage DNA directly, generating pyrimidine dimers, and indirectly, generating oxidized bases and single‐strand breaks (SSBs). These lesions can lead to mutations, triggering skin and eye disorders, including carcinogenesis and photoaging. Stratospheric ozone layer depletion

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin was compared using two cell lines in monolayer culture. Photokilling was substantially impaired in the A549 (human‐derived lung tumor) when compared with the 1c1c7 murine hepatoma. The efficacy of PDT with regard to photokilling was correlated with the steady‐state intracellular hypericin concentration. There was otherwise no difference in subcellular

Elemental sulfur is a low cost and abundant substance as one of the largest by‐products of the oil industry which was widely used in many industrial activities. Cyclo‐octasulfur (S8) is one of the sulfur allotropes that is a very stable substance in standard conditions. In this study, we report a low‐cost and fast method for the degradation of methyl violet in water under visible light and also sunlight

Immune checkpoints including PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 help to regulate the intensity and timeframe of the immune response. Since they become upregulated in cancer and prevent sufficient anti‐tumor immunity, monoclonal antibodies against these checkpoints have shown clinical promise for a range of cancers. Multimodal treatment plans combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other therapies, including photodynamic

The photoinduced degradation of the azo dye disperse red 1 was studied in a microheterogeneous system comprising titanium oxide (TiO2) and sodium dodecylsulfate, exposed to UV light. Degussa P25, Anatase and TiO2 synthesized in acidic conditions were supported on raschig rings. The TiO2 photocatalyzed degradation is enhanced in the vicinity of the surfactant critical micelle value. Further increase

The present study is focused on the integration of microreactors to synthesize visible‐light active nano‐photocatalysts for inline photocatalytic degradation of organic dye and antibacterial activity. A wire assisted and a rapid laser micromachining technique have been employed for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based microreactors respectively.

Photodynamic therapy is taking importance as a non‐intrusive treatment for nail onychomycosis. Knowledge of true transmittance values across nails could lead to qualitative and quantitative improvements in light‐based treatments. We have characterized the spectral transmittance of healthy and fungally infected human finger nails and toenails according to nail thickness and we propose a surface transmittance

There is growing interest in using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for bactericidal and viral decontamination of air, surfaces and foods, a trend that is reinforced during the Covid‐19 pandemic. For almost a century and a half, UVC and UVB radiations have been used extensively for non‐thermal sterilization against various microbial pathogens by developing so‐called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)

Gallic acid (3, 4, 5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a phytochemical derived from diverse herbs. It has been reported to have effective anti‐fungal, anti‐viral, and antioxidant activity. However, gallic acid exhibits low solubility and instability at high temperatures. In a previous study, in order to overcome these limitations, we synthesized galloyl‐RGD by combining gallic acid with arginine, glycine

Good sun‐safety practice includes wearing sun‐protective hats that must meet defined photoprotective criteria such as the 2017 Australian/New Zealand standard (AS/NZS 4399:2017). This study investigated the availability of sun‐safe hats during a three‐day cross‐sectional survey in November 2019 by visiting every shop in a single large multi‐store shopping complex in Australia. Hats were categorized