Choroidal melanoma (CM) remains the most prevalent form of intraocular malignancy, and the prognosis of affected patients is poor. While the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIP is known to play key regulatory roles in multiple diseases, its relevance in CM remains uncertain. In the present study, we found that TRIP overexpression is sufficient to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of CM cells in vitro

Sepsis as life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by microorganisms represents a dreadful challenge for the immune system. The role of the complement system as major column of innate immunity has been extensively studied in various sepsis models but its translational value remains in the dark. Complement activation products, such as C3a and C5a, and their corresponding receptors provide useful diagnostic

Inflammation is the main contributor for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1, also known as PTPN6) is regarded as a negative regulator of inflammation, but its role in NASH remains unknown. Here, hepatocyte‐specific Ptpn6 knockout mice (Ptpn6HKO ) and adenovirus vector‐mediated ectopic expression of SHP‐1 (AdSHP1) were

6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3) is a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, and it plays an essential role in angiogenesis. 3‐(3‐pyridinyl)‐1‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one (3PO) is frequently used as a glycolysis inhibitor and is thought to inhibit PFKFB3. However, this latter effect of 3PO has never been investigated in detail and was the aim of the present study

Photosystem II catalyses the splitting of water and the reduction of plastoquinone in thylakoid membranes of all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The final step in quinol formation is protonation of the reduced secondary quinone electron acceptor QB2‐(H+) to give QBH2. The proton for this step is hypothesized to be provided by a hydrogen‐bond network incorporating amino acids from the Photosystem

Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated by the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors. These responses include the upregulation of glycolysis to maintain ATP production. This also generates acidic metabolites, which require HIF‐induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) for their neutralisation. C‐terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are co‐regulators of gene transcription and couple

Testis‐expressed gene 101 (TEX101) is a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored glycoprotein essential for sperm fertility and spermatogenesis. TEX101 interacts with lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus K (Ly6k) as well as a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 3 (ADAM3). Although these proteins are considered essential for fertility, the associated mechanisms remain uncharacterized. Herein

Prolidase catalyzes the cleavage of dipeptides containing proline on their C‐terminus. The reduction of prolidase activity is the cause of a rare disease named “Prolidase Deficiency”. Local structural disorder was indicated as one of the causes for diminished prolidase activity. Previous studies showed that heat shock proteins can partially recover prolidase activity in vivo . To analyze this mechanism

Bacterial MutM is a DNA repair glycosylase removing DNA damage generated from oxidative stress and, therefore, preventing mutations and genomic instability. MutM belongs to the Fpg/Nei family of prokaryotic enzymes sharing structural and functional similarities with their eukaryotic counterparts, e.g. NEIL1 ‐ NEIL3.

Streptococci are a broad group of Gram‐positive bacteria. This genus includes various human pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality. Two of the most important human pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus or GAS). Streptococcal pathogens have evolved to express virulence factors that enable them to evade complement‐mediated

Aggregation of polyglutamine proteins is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. The 11‐residue polyglutamine binding peptide Ac‐SNWKWWPGIFD‐am, known as QBP1, inhibits polyglutamine aggregation. Besides, a minimal 8‐residue stretch in the QBP1 peptide (Ac‐WKWWPGIF‐am) is reported in the literature to retain this activity. Both peptides harbor a Pro‐Gly dipeptide motif, a feature characteristic

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids consisting of a ceramide base and a bulky sugar chain that contains one or more sialic acids. This unique structure endows gangliosides with a strong tendency to self‐aggregate in solution, as well as in cellular membranes, where they can form nanoscopic assemblies called ganglioside nanodomains. As gangliosides are important biological molecules involved in a number

Both well‐known and emerging viruses increasingly affect humans and cause disease, sometimes with devastating impact on society. The viruses present in the biosphere are the top predators in the life chain, virtually without enemies, except perhaps the immune system, and harsh environmental physicochemical conditions restricting their dissemination. We know a lot about viruses, but do we know enough

The ability of Mycobacteria to overcome oxidative stress is of paramount importance for its survival within the host. One of the key enzymes that is involved in protecting the bacterium from reactive oxygen species is the catalase peroxidase (KatG). However, in strains resistant to the antibiotic isoniazid, KatG is rendered ineffective, which is associated with an increased expression of alkylhydroperoxide

Regeneration is a unique defense mechanism of liver tissue in response to functional cell loss induced by toxic chemicals or surgical resection. In this study, we found that Islet‐cell autoantigen 69 (Ica69) accelerates liver regeneration in mice. Following 70% partial hepatectomy, both Ica69 mRNA and protein are significantly upregulated in mouse hepatocytes at the early stage of liver regeneration

The recent resignation of the President of the European Research Council (ERC) Mauro Ferrari has opened a wide discussion both on the method of designation of the President of the ERC and on the validity of the different funding mechanisms for scientific research. From this point of view, Sars‐CoV‐2 was not only responsible for the pandemic, but also triggered a debate on an alleged primacy of applied

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a major global challenge. The virus infects host cells using its spike glycoprotein (S‐protein) and has significantly higher infectivity and mortality rates among the aged population. Here, based on bioinformatic analysis, I provide evidence that some members of the upper respiratory tract (URT) commensal bacteria express viral