Abstract Flaviviruses, the viruses in the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, cause diseases with varying degrees of severity in human beings, including fevers (Yellow fever, Dengue fever, West Nile fever, Zika fever, etc.) and encephalites (tick-borne encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Powassan encephalitis, etc.). Preventive vaccines have been produced against only some of these infectious agents

Abstract Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous and fatal infection. Phospholipid genes can be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aims of this study were evaluation of the plcD gene prevalence and polymorphisms in some clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the position of IS6110 element in this gene. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates.

Abstract Biofilms of pathogenic bacteria in the body of an infected host are complex structures often formed by microorganisms of different species. They are resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, host immune systems, and adverse environmental conditions; exhibit increased survival; and are responsible for most known chronic infections that cannot be treated with antibiotics. This

Abstract The emergence of multidrug (MDR) isolates of Escherichia coli has made the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) very challenging. Integrons are considered to be one of the most important mechanisms in the dissemination of resistance genes. In the current study, we sought to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, class 1–3 integrons and corresponding gene cassettes in urinary

Abstract The detection of Acidovorax citrulli requires new highly specific methods based on qPCR. The goal of the study was to develop a new qPCR-based test for the identification of A. citrulli. By clustering the protein sequences of nine A. citrulli genomes and nine A. avenae genomes, using the CD-HIT program, 153 protein clusters present in all nine A. citrulli strains and absent in all A. avenae

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop a panel for detecting heterozygous carriage of frequent mutations associated with phenylketonuria (PKU), and to determine their allelic frequencies in one of the regions of Russia. PKU is one of the most common monogenic diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance. Carrier screening leads to a reduction in the number of children born with PKU. The diagnostic

Abstract The genomic instability of the cholera agent leads to the emergence of its new variants with altered epidemically significant features. This makes investigation of the dynamics in pathogenicity gene structure and cholera vibro persistence changes over extended periods of time important. Bioinformatic analysis of whole genome nucleotide sequences was carried out in 44 toxigenic and nontoxigenic

Abstract Background: The human bocavirus (HBoV) is associated with gastrointestinal infections and was shown to persist in lung and colorectal tumors. Novel data suggest that HBoV may induce chronic inflammatory disease that in turn may lead to tumor development. Thereby it remains unknown if chronic inflammatory diseases like Morbus Crohn and Ulcerative colitis go ahead with a higher prevalence of

The article provides information on the patent activity of inventors in relation to applications for inventions related to coronaviruses, in particular, to SARS-CoV-2. The presence of a steady interest in this topic for the period 1996–2020 is illustrated. It is indicated what objects of patent law can be inventions related to vaccines.

Abstract The ability of nosocomial opportunistic microorganism, K. pneumoniae, to produce biofilms on food and hospital surfaces is crucial to the development of infection which has adverse effects on patient outcome and survival. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic Nisin producing L. lactis and TiO2 NPs on the biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae. L. lactis isolates were commercially

This review is devoted to synthetic biology. In this field, molecular biology methods and techniques are applied to develop a predetermined cell behavior based on theoretically constructed regulatory networks using engineering approaches. A cell can be considered the device that performs several types of basic functions. These are sensory, information processing, and response formation functions. Endogenous

Intracellular parasites play an important role in human infectious diseases. Pathogenic bacteria of four genera (Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia) have developed similar strategies for intracellular multiplication and dissemination inside tissues and organs: these bacteria destroy the phagosome to multiply in the cytoplasm and spread from cell to cell without leaving the intracellular

Abstract The morphological features of human constitution, which are most often considered in regard to gene polymorphism, are indicators of the total fat deposition, since excess body weight and obesity contribute to an increased risk of developing many chronic diseases. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to search for possible associations between COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism and the morphological

Long-term efforts of the international community led to the development of highly efficient direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that allow treatment of the vast majority of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The proteins encoded in the genome of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that play a key role in its life cycle (NS3, NS5A, and NS5B) are the targets of this type of drug. There are three classes of DAAs

Abstract The Far Eastern scarlet-like fever (FESLF) is the clinical-epidemic manifestation of pseudotuberculosis infection in humans is associated with a specific clonal lineage of the causative agent. Purpose of the study: to determine the pathogenetic value of the pVM82 plasmid of the FESLF causative agent, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the innate immunity cells metabolic activity and

Abstract For personalized treatment of chronic HBV-infected patients, it is necessary to identify hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) subtypes and HBV genotypes circulating among infected individuals. To this end, a laboratory version of the test kit for HBsAg subtype and HBV genotype identification in human blood serum/plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a custom

Abstract Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising method of treatment of local infections, based on photochemical reaction of photosensitizer (PS) under irradiation with visible or near infra-red light of appropriate wavelength. A molecule of PS is activated by light energy and as a result singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, which are toxic for microbes, are generated

Abstract Genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant ceftaroline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and identification of features of the genetic diversity in representatives of the epidemic ST239 clone circulating in hospitals of the Russian Federation. Species identification was performed using Vitek 2 (bioMérieux). Determination of the sensitivity to antibiotics was carried out using a BD Phoenix semiautomatic

Abstract Molecular genetic analysis of the rabies virus strain Moscow 3253 genome adapted to Vero cells. The isolated cDNA was specifically enriched with the nucleotide sequence of the target virus genome using amplification. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Ion PGM platform and additionally using the AB 3500xl genetic analyzer. Alignment and assembly of sequences into a complete genome

Abstracts A significant part of the life of bacteria takes place as part of organized microbial communities—biofilms, the importance of which for the microworld can hardly be overestimated. Infections of humans and animals are largely mediated by biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria. Their adverse effect is associated with industrial and technological risks, as well as reduced quality and contamination

Abstract To study the molecular genetic structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) D4 isolates first identified in the Russian Federation. Blood plasma samples of patients from the Republic of Dagestan with previously identified HBV subgenotype D4 were used in the work. For amplification and sequencing reaction, overlapping pairs of specific primers, jointly flanking the entire HBV genome, were used. HBV

Abstract The work aimed to estimate the potential of transfer of resistance genes from Lactobacillus fermentum 5-1 to the Gram-negative intestinal microbiota. The sensitivity of antibiotics was assessed using the gradient agar method and microdilution method. Antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in bacterial genomic DNA were detected by PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing of the amplicons and BLASTn sequence

Abstract The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, induced proteins expression that associated with anti-HIV activity. Moreover, several studies have reported that some microRNAs inhibit HIV replication by targeting 3' LTR HIV mRNAs designated anti-HIV microRNAs. To date, the effect of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on anti-HIV microRNAs expression is unknown. We aimed to determine

Abstract Cancer is considered as the most lethal disease for human beings, and up to now many attempts were failed for prevention and treatment of this tremendous health problem. Consequently, this study purpose was to investigate novel therapeutic methods for cancer. The bacterial toxin can result in cell death throughout the induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines. We evaluated apoptosis and

Abstract The emergence and dissemination of successful clones of A. baumannii is a serious problem for the medical community. To investigate the clonal diversity of A. baumannii isolated from blood culture of patients with hematological malignancies. The study included A. baumannii isolated from blood culture of patients in seven Russian hospitals (2003–2017). Two multiplex PCRs were performed to selectively

Abstract The objective of the study is to carry out preclinical research on the immunogenicity and protective properties of the trivalent influenza vaccine AdeVac-Flu in laboratory mice. The AdeVac-Flu vaccine is a mixture of recombinant human adenoviruses of the fifth serotype expressing the hemagglutinin genes of the A/California/07/2009(H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009(H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 influenza

Abstract Aims: FtsZ is a highly conserved protein that is found in most of the major groups of bacteria. Considering the importance of the FtsZ gene in bacteria, in this study, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens were detected by a new degenerate primer using PCR method with the targeting of FtsZ gene. Methods: Of each bacterium 30 clinical samples were collected

Abstract The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) known as Bovine orthopneumovirus according to the international classification is one of the most important etiological agents of respiratory diseases in calves. At present, rapid and reliable methods to detect and measure the concentrations of this pathogen are needed. The objectives of the survey are developing the real-time polymerase chain

Abstract Heavy metals and arsenic are environmental pollutants and have a negative effect on human health. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) synthesized by bacteria are able to modulate the growth and metabolism of pro- and eukaryotes, to function as signals for distance communication between organisms, and to influence the action of various stress agents. The effects of sulfur-containing dimethyl

Abstract In the modern world, various forms of stressful conditions are an important problem for human health. The prolonged stress experienced by residents of large cities can lead to a decrease in cognitive functions and cause the development of anxiety disorders, depressive states, and more serious diseases. Studying the effect of stress and its consequences on the human body, as well as the development

Abstract High genomic variability of cholera pathogen, which is capable of persisting in the human organism and aquatic environments, underlies the diversity of virulent properties of its strains. However, the mechanism of emergence of the El Tor biovar Vibrio cholerae O1 strains with altered virulence remains poorly understood. A total of 21 El Tor biovar V. cholerae O1 strains were studied. Protein

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative pathologies. This disorder is associated with death of predominantly dopaminergic neurons. A characteristic feature of PD is a long latent period of disease development, which makes it impossible to investigate and diagnose PD at the earliest clinical stages. One of the approaches to solving this problem is the examination

Abstract This review is devoted to current approaches to the combined use of BMP-2 with other protein factors to increase osteoinductivity of recently developed materials. The current trend is to create materials with a low BMP-2 concentration that are efficient in osteoinduction and provide continuous protein release. A number of medications have been developed in Russia and South Korea on the basis

Abstract Hepatitis B causes major deathly infections in developing countries. The surface antigen preS1, hepatocytes attachment site, plays a crucial role in development and progression of disease. The present study was, therefore, an effort to develop an efficient expression system for PreS1 gene in Esherishia coli . PreS1 gene was amplified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Following confirmation through

Abstract The Zinc finger antiviral proteins (ZAP) are expressed by the cells in response to different viral attacks. The ZAP marks the viral mRNA for degradation with the help of different cellular proteins for exosome. Beside the degradation of viral mRNA, the ZAP protein also inihibits translation of proteins from this mRNA. Although it is not a universal antiviral protein, but a number of important

Abstract Melanoma is a tumor that forms as a result of malignant transformation of melanin-producing pigment cells (melanocytes). It is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, which results in a need to explore alternative methods for this disease therapy. Currently, new approaches to cancer treatment are being intensely developed,

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria globally. Choosing reliable methods will lead to a correct diagnosis of infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate four H. pylori infection diagnostic methods from dispeptic patients. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 165 antrum biopsy specimens were obtained from dyspeptic

Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the frequent vaginal infections in women caused by Candida albicans . We evaluate the expression of ERG11 , CDR1 and CDR2 genes by quantitative RT-PCR in Candida albicans strains isolated from women in north of Iran. Of 50 samples, 23 (46%) were determined to be Candida albicans strains. In phenotypic assays, 20 (~87%) of strains were resistant to doses of

In December 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were found in Wuhan (China). Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it. By March 11, 2020, when the virus

Abstract This article provides a comparative analysis of the principles of legal regulation and the practice of using mechanisms for assessing potential risk when introducing genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) into production in the Russian Federation and developed countries, such as the United States and countries in the European Union. It is shown how these rules affect the pace of development

Abstract Lactobacillus is one of the major taxa of the healthy vaginal microbiome. A decrease in the amount of lactobacilli indicates a disturbance of the equilibrium state of the vaginal microbiocenosis and can lead to colonization of the vagina by potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which is accompanied by infections and various pelvic dysfunctions. Bacteriophages can significantly affect

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent for upper gastrointestinal diseases. The presence of the cagA, at least with one repeat of EPIYA-C, and the vacA with s1-i1 polymorphisms are likely to be associated with increased gastric cancer risk. Aim: The aim of study was to determine the genotype of cagA and vacA and their usefulness as a predictive factor in upper gastrointestinal

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including oncological and autoimmune diseases. The –308(g / a)TNF and –238(G / A)TNF polymorphisms are included in the extended ancestral haplotypes covering the whole complex of HLA genes. We assumed that the previously found effect of these polymorphisms on the overall survival

Urogenital candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by Candida sp., a long recurrent course of which can reduce human reproductive health. Its frequent recurrence is associated with constant influence of provoking factors, noncompliance with treatment regimens, treatment without determining the sensitivity of individual antifungal drugs, local immunity disorders, and increasing antifungal drug resistance

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms responsible for nosocomial infections. Multidrug pathogen resistance leads to the low antibiotic therapy efficiency. The solution for this problem involves developing new therapeutic agents that operate under different principles to the currently available antibiotics. The Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) is

Here, we give an overview of purification of the recombinant BMP-2 produced in Escherichia coli and its efficacy in bone tissue regeneration as a constituent of different osteoplastic materials. Protein production in this heterologous system and its subsequent purification and refolding resulting in the active protein are described. The efficacy of BMP-2 originated from prokaryotic cells in osteogenesis

Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and gastric cancer. H. pylori Infects more than half of the world’s population. Antibiotic treatments are not ideal because of antibiotic side effects, re-infection and increased antibiotic resistance. Vaccination against H. pylori is considered as an alternative with the suitable

Reparative helicase II of Deinococcus radiodurans performs an unexpected critical function in repair of double-strand DNA breaks through the mechanism of extended synthesis-dependent strand annealing (ESDSA), while it is considered as an optional participant in the RecF pathway of recombinational repair in Escherichia coli. A fragment of genomic DNA of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans

The method of application laser transfer of silver and copper nanoparticles for the first time has been shown to be effective against biofilms formed on a solid substrate. It has been experimentally confirmed that this effect is not associated with the influence of the laser itself. The proposed method allows one to increase the locality, availability, and efficiency of biofilm destruction due to the

Given the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria, alternative antimicrobial strategies are being investigated. One promising area is the study of the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins, special peptides produced by bacteria, which play an important role in regulating the competitive inter- and intraspecific relationships in natural microbial systems. Marine microorganisms are a

Endemic goiter is one of the most common endocrine diseases in Russian Federation. There is a strong need for new methods to detect and treat this disease. Analysis of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells can be used to estimate overall exposure of patients to various endo- and exogenic factors associated with a disorder. We performed an association study of nuclear abnormalities in buccal

Cytotoxic necrotic factor (CNF) of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFY) is a 114-kDa toxin protein that is similar to CNF1, which is prevalent among pathogenic and saprophytic Escherichia coli isolates. In 2002, the CNF of Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII strain (United States) was first described. The Rho family small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases) are inactivated by CNFY acting on eukaryotic cells of humans

The epidemic of cholera in Siberia and the Russian Far East during the seventh pandemic was recorded as sporadic cases of introduction of the infection into the territory or severe local outbreaks associated with the infection’s importation in the 1970s and 1990s. The genetic diversity and relationship of 83 V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from the region with epidemic complications were studied

One of the most popular nonviral delivery systems for gene therapy constructs are carriers based on polyethylenimine (PEI) DNA complexes. A number of disadvantages associated with the lack of targeted delivery and increased cytotoxicity are overcome by adding auxiliary molecules to the complexes. An example of this is chondroitin sulfate (CS). The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of CS

Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the two types of inorganic magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate [CaCO3] nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth of three Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and three Gram-positive bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus

Fifteen Enterococcus faecium and 33 E. faecalis isolates were tested to determine the relationship between the presence of the esp gene and biofilm production. It was determined that 4 of the tested isolates contained esp gene. However, none of these strains containing the esp gene were significantly stronger biofilm producers than esp-negative strains. These data indicate that esp is not critical

Recombinant adenoviruses are widely used for delivery and expression of transgenes for therapeutic purposes and in fundamental research. AdEasy™ adenoviral vector system allows for rapid and efficient generation of replication-deficient adenoviruses. One important crucial step in producing recombinant adenoviruses is the generation of a recombinant adenoviral plasmid in E. coli BJ5183 cells via homologous

When we use cell cultures in research, we rarely think about the story behind them, which can be intriguing, providing insight, and sometimes tragic. In the 1950s, the culture of HeLa cells unexpectedly became well known scientifically and became one of the most famous cell cultures. These cells were taken from a woman named Henrietta Lacks, who had cervical cancer and died shortly afterward, and the

In studied blood serum samples from Russian patients hospitalized with suspected dengue fever, one or more markers of dengue fever have been detected, namely, viral RNA, NS1 antigen, and IgM or IgG antibodies. Moreover, only the combined use of various immunological and genetic methods provided a more effective diagnosis of dengue fever. The detection of IgG to dengue virus in patients with high titers

This paper reports a study of biofilm formation by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) strain Fh on an abiotic surface using light and electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of biofilm formation was carried out in polystyrene plates with crystal-Violet cell staining. To study the ultrastructural organization of the Mp cells, scanning electron microscopy was used, which allowed