Abstract Hepatitis B causes major deathly infections in developing countries. The surface antigen preS1, hepatocytes attachment site, plays a crucial role in development and progression of disease. The present study was, therefore, an effort to develop an efficient expression system for PreS1 gene in Esherishia coli. PreS1 gene was amplified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Following confirmation through

Abstract The Zinc finger antiviral proteins (ZAP) are expressed by the cells in response to different viral attacks. The ZAP marks the viral mRNA for degradation with the help of different cellular proteins for exosome. Beside the degradation of viral mRNA, the ZAP protein also inihibits translation of proteins from this mRNA. Although it is not a universal antiviral protein, but a number of important

Abstract Melanoma is a tumor that forms as a result of malignant transformation of melanin-producing pigment cells (melanocytes). It is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, which results in a need to explore alternative methods for this disease therapy. Currently, new approaches to cancer treatment are being intensely developed,

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria globally. Choosing reliable methods will lead to a correct diagnosis of infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate four H. pylori infection diagnostic methods from dispeptic patients. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 165 antrum biopsy specimens were obtained from dyspeptic

Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the frequent vaginal infections in women caused by Candida albicans. We evaluate the expression of ERG11, CDR1 and CDR2 genes by quantitative RT-PCR in Candida albicans strains isolated from women in north of Iran. Of 50 samples, 23 (46%) were determined to be Candida albicans strains. In phenotypic assays, 20 (~87%) of strains were resistant to doses of

Abstract In December 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were found in Wuhan (China). Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it. By March 11, 2020, when the

Abstract This article provides a comparative analysis of the principles of legal regulation and the practice of using mechanisms for assessing potential risk when introducing genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) into production in the Russian Federation and developed countries, such as the United States and countries in the European Union. It is shown how these rules affect the pace of development

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative pathologies. This disorder is associated with death of predominantly dopaminergic neurons. A characteristic feature of PD is a long latent period of disease development, which makes it impossible to investigate and diagnose PD at the earliest clinical stages. One of the approaches to solving this problem is the examination

Abstract Lactobacillus is one of the major taxa of the healthy vaginal microbiome. A decrease in the amount of lactobacilli indicates a disturbance of the equilibrium state of the vaginal microbiocenosis and can lead to colonization of the vagina by potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which is accompanied by infections and various pelvic dysfunctions. Bacteriophages can significantly affect

Abstract This review is devoted to current approaches to the combined use of BMP-2 with other protein factors to increase osteoinductivity of recently developed materials. The current trend is to create materials with a low BMP-2 concentration that are efficient in osteoinduction and provide continuous protein release. A number of medications have been developed in Russia and South Korea on the basis

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent for upper gastrointestinal diseases. The presence of the cagA, at least with one repeat of EPIYA-C, and the vacA with s1-i1 polymorphisms are likely to be associated with increased gastric cancer risk. Aim: The aim of study was to determine the genotype of cagA and vacA and their usefulness as a predictive factor in upper gastrointestinal

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including oncological and autoimmune diseases. The –308(g/a)TNF and –238(G/A)TNF polymorphisms are included in the extended ancestral haplotypes covering the whole complex of HLA genes. We assumed that the previously found effect of these polymorphisms on the overall survival (OS)

Abstract Urogenital candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by Candida sp., a long recurrent course of which can reduce human reproductive health. Its frequent recurrence is associated with constant influence of provoking factors, noncompliance with treatment regimens, treatment without determining the sensitivity of individual antifungal drugs, local immunity disorders, and increasing antifungal

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading antibiotic-resistant gram-negative organisms responsible for nosocomial infections. Multidrug pathogen resistance leads to the low antibiotic therapy efficiency. The solution for this problem involves developing new therapeutic agents that operate under different principles to the currently available antibiotics. The Type Three Secretion System

Abstract Here, we give an overview of purification of the recombinant BMP-2 produced in Escherichia coli and its efficacy in bone tissue regeneration as a constituent of different osteoplastic materials. Protein production in this heterologous system and its subsequent purification and refolding resulting in the active protein are described. The efficacy of BMP-2 originated from prokaryotic cells in

Abstract Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and gastric cancer. H. pylori Infects more than half of the world’s population. Antibiotic treatments are not ideal because of antibiotic side effects, re-infection and increased antibiotic resistance. Vaccination against H. pylori is considered as an alternative with

Abstract Reparative helicase II of Deinococcus radiodurans performs an unexpected critical function in repair of double-strand DNA breaks through the mechanism of extended synthesis-dependent strand annealing (ESDSA), while it is considered as an optional participant in the RecF pathway of recombinational repair in Escherichia coli. A fragment of genomic DNA of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus

The method of application laser transfer of silver and copper nanoparticles for the first time has been shown to be effective against biofilms formed on a solid substrate. It has been experimentally confirmed that this effect is not associated with the influence of the laser itself. The proposed method allows one to increase the locality, availability, and efficiency of biofilm destruction due to the

Given the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria, alternative antimicrobial strategies are being investigated. One promising area is the study of the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins, special peptides produced by bacteria, which play an important role in regulating the competitive inter- and intraspecific relationships in natural microbial systems. Marine microorganisms are a

Endemic goiter is one of the most common endocrine diseases in Russian Federation. There is a strong need for new methods to detect and treat this disease. Analysis of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells can be used to estimate overall exposure of patients to various endo- and exogenic factors associated with a disorder. We performed an association study of nuclear abnormalities in buccal

Cytotoxic necrotic factor (CNF) of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFY) is a 114-kDa toxin protein that is similar to CNF1, which is prevalent among pathogenic and saprophytic Escherichia coli isolates. In 2002, the CNF of Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII strain (United States) was first described. The Rho family small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases) are inactivated by CNFY acting on eukaryotic cells of humans

The epidemic of cholera in Siberia and the Russian Far East during the seventh pandemic was recorded as sporadic cases of introduction of the infection into the territory or severe local outbreaks associated with the infection’s importation in the 1970s and 1990s. The genetic diversity and relationship of 83 V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from the region with epidemic complications were studied

One of the most popular nonviral delivery systems for gene therapy constructs are carriers based on polyethylenimine (PEI) DNA complexes. A number of disadvantages associated with the lack of targeted delivery and increased cytotoxicity are overcome by adding auxiliary molecules to the complexes. An example of this is chondroitin sulfate (CS). The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of CS

Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the two types of inorganic magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate [CaCO3] nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth of three Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and three Gram-positive bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus

Fifteen Enterococcus faecium and 33 E. faecalis isolates were tested to determine the relationship between the presence of the esp gene and biofilm production. It was determined that 4 of the tested isolates contained esp gene. However, none of these strains containing the esp gene were significantly stronger biofilm producers than esp-negative strains. These data indicate that esp is not critical

Recombinant adenoviruses are widely used for delivery and expression of transgenes for therapeutic purposes and in fundamental research. AdEasy™ adenoviral vector system allows for rapid and efficient generation of replication-deficient adenoviruses. One important crucial step in producing recombinant adenoviruses is the generation of a recombinant adenoviral plasmid in E. coli BJ5183 cells via homologous

When we use cell cultures in research, we rarely think about the story behind them, which can be intriguing, providing insight, and sometimes tragic. In the 1950s, the culture of HeLa cells unexpectedly became well known scientifically and became one of the most famous cell cultures. These cells were taken from a woman named Henrietta Lacks, who had cervical cancer and died shortly afterward, and the

Abstract In studied blood serum samples from Russian patients hospitalized with suspected dengue fever, one or more markers of dengue fever have been detected, namely, viral RNA, NS1 antigen, and IgM or IgG antibodies. Moreover, only the combined use of various immunological and genetic methods provided a more effective diagnosis of dengue fever. The detection of IgG to dengue virus in patients with

Abstract This paper reports a study of biofilm formation by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) strain Fh on an abiotic surface using light and electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of biofilm formation was carried out in polystyrene plates with crystal-Violet cell staining. To study the ultrastructural organization of the Mp cells, scanning electron microscopy was used, which

Abstract At present, the Lactobacillus fermentum 90 TC-4 strain is widely used for production of probiotics, dietary supplements, and food. It is for this reason that it is topical to study this strain using modern molecular genetic methods. The biochemical properties of the strain were examined using the API 50 CHL test system (BioMerieux, France), genome sequencing was carried out using the MiSeq

Abstract The embryonic development of all body systems is controlled by coordinated interactions of a group of genes encoding master regulators of development, which determine the fate of cells in the process of differentiation. These genes are often involved in the processes of malignant degeneration of cells. Hence, they are considered as targets of targeted gene therapy in the development of modern

Abstract This overview discusses the literature data on the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of both acute and chronic infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Traditionally, phage therapy is based on the use of naturally occurring phages for infection and lysis of bacteria at the site of infection. It has fundamental advantages over antibiotic therapy. At the same time,

Abstract Whole genome sequencing of the Escherichia coli strain АВ1157 and its mutants AB1885 uvrB5, AB2463 recA13, and AB2494 lexA1, which have deficient DNA repair, recombination, and mutagenesis systems, was performed. It was found that the genomes of the AB2463 recA13 and AB2494 lexA1 strains differ from the genome of ancestral strain in several hundred mutations which arose most probably in the

Abstract The bacterial microflora that inhabits our body makes up the most complex microbial community called microbiota. The microbiota, which is evolutionarily fixed in the human body, has a significant effect on the maintenance of human health and functions. The study of the genotoxic potential of microflora, closely related to bacterial oncogenesis, remains incomplete. When the imbalance of healthy

Abstract Infections with multidrug resistance methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in burn patients are one of the main dilemmas in public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of prophages, toxin, and resistance encoding genes. In addition, the analysis of the distribution of different spa types and SCCmec types in MRSA strains which were obtained from burn patients

Abstract In spite of effective anti-retroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection may still lead to neurological impairment in patients. The underlying mechanism of neurodegeneration remains mysterious. HIV-1 does not infect neurons, but does infect microglia cells in the brain. It is controversial whether HIV-1 productively infects astrocytes, an abundant glial cell type in the brain. Thirty years of investigation

Abstract Plague is a zoonotic infection whose pathogenic agent has caused hundreds of million human deaths. A broad range of hosts and vectors, along with the geographical dispersion of natural plague foci characterized by different ecological conditions, contribute to the formation of the polytypic Y. pestis species, the result of selection of the genetic variants specific for certain natural foci