Epiphytic yeasts were isolated from different cultivars of apples and lemons and identified by a combination of PCR‐RFLP of 5.8 S rRNA region and sequencing of D1/D2 domain of the 26 S rRNA gene. Among 69 isolates, Aureobasidium pullulans GE17 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii KL3 strains showed the greatest antagonistic activity against two significantapple and lemon postharvest pathogens, Penicillium

Industrially relevant traits of Y. lipolytica, like high growth rate, capacity to grow at high cell density or to synthesize biomolecules with high productivities, strongly rely on sufficient oxygen provision. Although the impact of oxygen availability (OA) on the physiology of Y. lipolytica has been already studied, its influence on recombinant protein (rProt) synthesis and secretion has been largely

In the present study, totally 8 sourdough samples were collected from three different bakeries at two different times in Turkey. Also, laboratory-scale sourdough production was conducted by daily-back slopping for 7 days. Microbiological and chemical properties of the sourdoughs were investigated. Yeast species in the sourdoughs were identified by subjecting all presumptive yeast cultures to ITS region

The selection of Starmerella bacillaris strains to be used with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as mixed cultures has been recently suggested in order to produce wines containing lower ethanol and higher glycerol concentrationsand to promote fructose degradation due to their fructophilic character. However, studies about effects of such mixed starter cultures on phenolic compounds, which are responsible for

Candida famata is a representative of a group of so-called flavinogenic yeast species that overproduce riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) in response to iron limitation. Overproduced riboflavin accumulates in the cultural medium rather than in the cells suggesting existence of the special mechanisms involved in riboflavin excretion. The corresponding protein and gene have not been identified in yeasts. At the

The budding yeast and model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been invaluable for purification and analysis of numerous evolutionarily conserved proteins and multisubunit complexes that cannot be readily reconstituted in E. coli. For many studies, it is desirable to functionalize a particular protein or subunit of a complex with a ligand, fluorophore, or other small molecule. Enzyme-catalyzed

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a compound derived from the tryptophan catabolic pathway. Antioxidant and neuroprotective properties have been confirmed for KYNA, which makes it an interesting and important metabolite of biomedical significance. In the present study, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was tested for KYNA biosynthesis. The results showed that Y. lipolytica strain S12 is able to produce KYNA in

Nonconventional yeast Candida famata and Ogataea polymorpha are interesting organisms for basic and applied studies. O. polymorpha is methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast capable of xylose alcoholic fermentation whereas C. famata is capable of riboflavin overproduction. Still, the new tools for molecular research of these species are needed. The aim of this study was to develop the new dominant selective

Volatile thiols are not present in must but are synthesized and released by wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation. In this study, autochthonous and commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were characterized for the expression of the main genes involved in thiols metabolism and their production in wine. New primer sets were developed on the basis of the S288c genome to evaluate the expression

No abstract is available for this article.

No abstract is available for this article.

Candida hispaniensis is an oleaginous yeast with a great potential for production of single cell oil according to its naturally high lipid accumulation capacity. Its unusual small genome size trait is also attractive for fundamental research on genome evolution. Our physiological study suggests a great potential for lipid production, reaching 224 mg/g of cell dry weight in glucose minimum medium. C

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in a small volume of a defined media neither reach the desired cell density nor grow at a fast enough rate to scale down the volume and increase the sample number of classical biochemical assays, as the detection limit of the readout often requires a high number of cells as an input. To ameliorate this problem, we developed and optimised a new high cell density

No abstract is available for this article.

Species of the nitidulid beetle Conotelus found in flowers of Convolvulaceae and other plants across the New World and in Hawaii consistently harbour a yeast community dominated by one or more large-spored Metschnikowia species. We investigated the yeasts found in beetles and flowers of cultivated passionfruit in Rondônia state, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, where a Conotelus species damages the flowers

Energy‐metabolism oscillations (EMO) are ultradian biological rhythms observed in in aerobic chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMO regulates energy metabolism such as glucose, carbohydrate storage, O2 uptake, and CO2 production. PSK1 is a nutrient responsive protein kinase involved in regulation of glucose metabolism, sensory response to light, oxygen, and redox state. The aim of this

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions of nutrient stress, meiosis precedes the formation of spores. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate meiosis, such as meiotic recombination and nuclear divisions, have been extensively studied, the metabolic factors that determine the efficiency of sporulation are less understood. Here, we have directly assessed the relationship between metabolic

No abstract is available for this article.

A highly efficient and targeted clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing system was constructed for Pichia pastoris (syn Komagataella phaffii). Plasmids containing single guide RNA and the methanol expression regulator 1 (MXR1) homology arms were used to precisely edit the transcriptional activator Mxr1 on the P. pastoris genome. At the S215 amino acid position

Mitochondrial genetics started decades ago with the discovery of yeast mutants that ignored the Mendelian rules of inheritance. Today, the many known DNA sequences of this second eukaryotic genome illustrate its eccentricity in terms of informational content and functional organisation, suggesting a yet incomplete understanding of its evolution. The hereditary transmission of mitochondrial alleles

The PAH1-encoded phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the Mg2+ -dependent dephosphorylation of phosphatidate to produce diacylglycerol, which can be acylated to form triacylglycerol (TAG). In the model oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, TAG is the major lipid produced, and its biosynthesis requires a continuous supply of diacylglycerol, which can be provided by the PAP reaction. However, the

The methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) have important industrial applications and are models for several biological processes including peroxisome biology and methanol metabolism. We examined the carbon source requirements for mating-type (MAT) switching and mating in both species. Haploid strains of O. polymorpha and K. phaffii are homothallic

Cation/proton antiporters play a major role in the control of cytosolic ion concentrations in prokaryotes and eukaryotes organisms. In yeast, we previously demonstrated that Vnx1p is a vacuolar monovalent cation/H+ exchanger showing Na+ /H+ and K+ /H+ antiporter activity. We have also shown that disruption of VNX1 results in an almost complete abolishment of vacuolar Na+ /H+ exchange, but yeast cells

Ergosterol is a prominent component of the yeast plasma membrane and essential for yeast cell viability. It is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the plasma membrane by nonvesicular mechanisms requiring carrier proteins. Oxysterol-binding protein homologues and yeast StARkin proteins have been proposed to function as sterol carriers. Although many of these proteins are capable

Multicopy episomal yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) plasmids are frequently employed in research and industrial production despite their known limited structural and segregational stability. Employing a set of six yEGFP3 model expression plasmids (identical in size but differing in the arrangement of their functional sequences, joined via six base pair SacI sequences), we used back transformation of

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important model organism for the study of fundamental questions in eukaryotic cell and molecular biology. A plethora of cellular processes are membrane associated and/or dependent on the proper functioning of cellular membranes. Phospholipids are not only the basic building blocks of cellular membranes; they also serve as precursors to numerous signaling

Yeasts are essential for many processes, including the production of some of our most beloved foods and beverages. Less is known to the public about the far-reaching impacts of yeasts on other products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products. By leveraging and combining newly discovered yeast genetic diversity with now affordable and efficient genetic engineering and synthetic biology

Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that break the ester bonds of triglycerides, generating free fatty acids and glycerol. Extracellular lipase activity has been reported for the nonconventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, grown in olive oil as a substrate, and the presence of at least eight putative lipases has been detected in its genome. However, to date, there is no experimental evidence on the physiological

The 3-acetyl-1,2-diacylglycerols (acTAGs) are the molecules that are structurally similar to triacylglycerols (TAGs). They are naturally produced by plants of the family Celastraceae and animals such as Cervus nippon and Eurosta solidaginis. The presence of acetate in the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone confers advantages to these compounds, for example, lower viscosity and calorific value compared

The triterpenoid (+)-ambrein is the major component of ambergris, a coprolite of the sperm whale that can only be rarely found on shores. Upon oxidative degradation of (+)-ambrein, several fragrance molecules are formed, amongst them (-)-ambrox, one of the highest valued compounds in the perfume industry. In order to generate a Saccharomyces cerevisiae whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of (+)-ambrein

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii) is a successful host widely used in recombinant protein production. The widespread use of a methanol-regulated alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter for recombinant protein production has directed studies particularly about methanol metabolism in this yeast. Although there is comprehensive knowledge about methanol metabolism, there are

The so-called nonconventional yeasts are becoming increasingly attractive in food and industrial biotechnology. Among them, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is known to be halotolerant, osmotolerant, petite negative, and poorly Crabtree positive. These traits and the high fermentative vigour make this species very appealing for industrial and food applications. Nevertheless, the biotechnological exploitation

In recent years, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has proven extremely useful for genome editing in many species, including the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeast species such as Candida glabrata. Inducible CRISPR-Cas9 systems have the additional advantage of allowing to separate the transformation step of the organism by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, from the cutting and repair steps. This has indeed

Within the field of protein-based biomaterials, the need exists for both covalent and oriented bioconjugation strategies for improved performance. Such bioconjugation reactions can be facilitated by engineering proteins with chemically activated amino acids at strategically chosen sites. The incorporation of these unnatural amino acids (uAAs) can be achieved by using the nonsense suppression technique

RNA can be modified in over 100 distinct ways, and these modifications are critical for function. Pseudouridine synthases catalyse pseudouridylation, one of the most prevalent RNA modifications. Pseudouridine synthase 7 modifies a variety of substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae including tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, and mRNA, but the substrates for other budding yeast Pus7 homologues are not known. We used

Exploring new drug candidates or drug targets against many illnesses is necessary as "traditional" treatments lose their effectivity. Cancer and sicknesses caused by protozoan parasites are among these diseases. Cell purine metabolism is an important drug target. Theoretically, inhibiting purine metabolism could stop the proliferation of unwanted cells. Purine metabolism is similar across all eukaryotes

Yeast recombination cloning is a straightforward and powerful method for recombining a plasmid backbone with a specific DNA fragment. However, the utility of yeast recombination cloning is limited by the requirement for the backbone to contain an CEN/ARS element, which allows for the recombined plasmids to propagate. Although yeast CEN/ARS plasmids are often suitable for further studies, we demonstrate

Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) are fundamental to cellular nitrogen and energy balance. Yet little is known about these enzymes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The YALI0F17820g and YALI0E09603g genes, encoding potential GDH enzymes in this organism, were examined. Heterologous expression in gdh-null Saccharomyces cerevisiae and examination of Y. lipolytica strains carrying gene deletions

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a genetically facile organism, yet multiple CRISPR/Cas9 techniques are widely used to edit its genome more efficiently and cost effectively than conventional methods. The absence of selective markers makes CRISPR/Cas9 editing particularly useful when making mutations within genes or regulatory sequences. Heterozygous mutations within genes frequently arise in the winners

Saccharomyces yeasts are emerging as model organisms for ecology and evolution, and researchers need environmental Saccharomyces isolates to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. However, methods for isolating Saccharomyces from nature have not been standardized, and isolation methods may influence the genotypes and phenotypes of studied strains. We compared the effectiveness and potential biases

Replicative senescence, which is induced by telomere shortening, underlies the loss of regeneration capacity of organs and is ultimately detrimental to the organism. At the same time, it is required to protect organisms from unlimited cell proliferation that may arise from numerous stimuli or deregulations. One important feature of replicative senescence is its high level of heterogeneity and asynchrony

Yeasts are common constituents of different types of soil. Their diversity depends on the season, the type and depth of the soil, the plant species, and the locality. In this study, diversity of yeasts isolated from the soil adjacent to five fruit trees (apple, appricot, peach, pear, and plum) in two localities (in Slovakia) in four sampling periods was examined. Our results demonstrated differences

The switch between mitochondrial respiration and fermentation as the main ATP production pathway through an increase glycolytic flux is known as the Crabtree effect. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the Crabtree effect may have important applications in ethanol production and lay the groundwork for the Warburg effect, which is essential in the molecular etiology of cancer. A key piece

Microbial oils are regarded as promising alternatives to fossil fuels. For bio-oil production to be sustainable over the long term, utilizing low-cost substrates like volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is crucial. Increasing attention is being paid to one of the most common VFAs: propionate, a substrate that could be used to produce the odd-chain FAs of industrial interest. However, little is known about

Sup35p is an essential protein in yeast that functions in complex with Sup45p for efficient translation termination. Although some may argue that this function is the only important attribute of Sup35p, there are two additional known facets of Sup35p's biology that may provide equally important functions for yeast; both of which involve various strategies for coping with stress. Recently, the N-terminal

In the present study, we analysed metabolite features during the dehydration-rehydration process for two Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains with different viability rate, in order to determine whether metabolite contents were affected by the presence of magnesium during cell rehydration. The qualitative changes of the intracellular metabolites of both strains were determined by comparing the metabolic

Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in nature. Its efficient fermentation has been considered as a critical factor for a feasible conversion of renewable biomass resources into biofuels and other chemicals. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of exceptional industrial importance due to its excellent capability to ferment sugars. However, although S. cerevisiae is able to ferment xylulose, it

The main aim of the work was to utilize heterozygosity of industrial yeast strains to construct new baker's yeast strains. Commercial baker's yeast strain ALKO 743, its more ethanol tolerant descendant ALKO 554 selected initially for growth over 300 generations in increasing ethanol concentrations in a glucose medium, and ALKO 3460 from an old domestic sour dough starter were used as starting strains

Candida krusei is a pathogenic yeast species that is phylogenetically outside both of the well-studied yeast groups, whole genome duplication and CUG. Like all other yeast species, it needs to accumulate high amounts of potassium cations, which are needed for proliferation and many other cell functions. A search in the sequenced genomes of nine C. krusei strains revealed the existence of two highly

The sequencing of over a thousand Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes revealed a complex pangenome. Over one third of the discovered genes are not present in the S. cerevisiae core genome but instead are often restricted to a subset of yeast isolates and thus may be important for adaptation to specific environmental niches. We refer to these genes as "pan-genes," being part of the pangenome but not the

The pheromone response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-established model for the study of G proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Our longstanding ability to combine sophisticated genetic approaches with established functional assays has provided a thorough understanding of signalling mechanisms and regulation. In this report, we compare new and established

Killer yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment: They have been found in diverse habitats ranging from ocean sediment to decaying cacti to insect bodies and on all continents including Antarctica. However, environmental killer yeasts are poorly studied compared with laboratory and domesticated killer yeasts. Killer yeasts secrete so-called killer toxins that inhibit nearby sensitive yeasts, and the

Aneuploidy is the loss or gain of chromosomes within a genome. It is often detrimental and has been associated with cell death and genetic disorders. However, aneuploidy can also be beneficial and provide a quick solution through changes in gene dosage when cells face environmental stress. Here, we review the prevalence of aneuploidy in Saccharomyces, Candida, and Cryptococcus yeasts (and their hybrid

The yeast species Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) is widely associated with oenological ecosystems and is frequently isolated from grape and grape must. Previous work showed that the genetic diversity of this species is high in wine environments and it is shaped by geographic location. Most analysed C. zemplinina strains, however, have been isolated from Vitis vinifera, disregarding

Targeted gene knockouts play an important role in the study of gene function. For the generation of knockouts in the industrially important yeast Pichia pastoris, several protocols have been published to date. Nevertheless, creating a targeted knockout in P. pastoris still is a time-consuming process, as the existing protocols are labour intensive and/or prone to accumulate nucleotide mutations. In

A set of 185 strains of Candida albicans from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and from non-VVC clinical sources in southwest China was analysed. Strains were subjected to genotyping using CAI microsatellite typing and amplification of an intron-containing region of the 25S rRNA gene. Microsatellite genotypes of strains from non-VVC sources showed high polymorphism, whereas those of VVC

Xylitol is a building block for a variety of chemical commodities, besides being widely used as a sugar substitute in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to develop a microbial process for xylitol production using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as substrate. In this context, 218 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were screened by growth on steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate