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Pharmacogenomic and epigenomic approaches to untangle the enigma of IL-10 blockade in oncology Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Noha M. Elemam, Radwa Y. Mekky, Gowhar Rashid, Maria Braoudaki, Rana A. Youness
The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer look at the tumour-immune microenvironment, a complex network and crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells mediated by cytokines
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Live birth rate of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist versus luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol in IVF/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Chenhong Liu, Tian Tian, Yanru Lou, Jia Li, Ping Liu, Rong Li, Jie Qiao, Yuanyuan Wang, Rui Yang
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have allowed millions of infertile couples to achieve pregnancy. As an essential part of IVF/ICSI enabling the retrieval of a high number of oocytes in one cycle, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) treatment mainly composes of the standard long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocol and
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Molecular mechanisms of action of negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Bharadhwaj Ravindhran, Nicole Schafer, Annabel Howitt, Daniel Carradice, George Smith, Ian Chetter
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has significantly advanced wound care and continues to find new applications. Its effects at a molecular level however, remain a subject of debate. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of NPWT. Medline, Embase, EBSCO databases and clinical trial registries were searched from inception
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Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Navneeta Bansal, Manoj Kumar, Satya N. Sankhwar, Ashish Gupta
The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between
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A systematic review on antimicrobial activities of green synthesised Selaginella silver nanoparticles Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Khushbu Wadhwa, Hardeep Kaur, Neha Kapoor, Soma M. Ghorai, Renu Gupta, Arunima Sahgal
Background Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. Selaginella species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial
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NF-κB: a mediator that promotes or inhibits angiogenesis in human diseases? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Yijing Jiang, Jie Zhang, Conglin Shi, Xingjuan Li, Yongying Jiang, Renfang Mao
The nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is conserved in invertebrates, plays a significant role in human diseases such as inflammation-related diseases and carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis refers to the growth of new capillary vessels derived from already existing capillaries and postcapillary venules. Maintaining normal angiogenesis and effective
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microRNA pathological mechanisms between Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma and macular degeneration Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Hsiuying Wang
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various functions of organisms such as gene transcription, signalling transduction and immune response. However, overproduction of ROS can lead to oxidative stress, which is related to various ageing diseases including eye and brain degenerative diseases. Ocular measurements have recently been suggested as potential sources of biomarkers
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Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Cigdem Kahraman, Duygu Kaya Bilecenoglu, Suna Sabuncuoglu, Irem Tatli Cankaya
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for many diseases, which is considered to be a complicated biological process. The rate of aging depends on the effectiveness of important mechanisms such as the protection of DNA from free radicals, which protects the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. In any organism, not all organs may age at the same rate. Slowing down primary aging
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Inflammasomes in breast cancer: the ignition spark of progression and resistance? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Sawsan Elgohary, Hend M. El Tayebi
Inflammation and immune evasion are major key players in breast cancer (BC) progression. Recently, the FDA approved the use of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against aggressive BC. Despite the paradigm shift in BC treatments, patients still suffer from resistance, recurrence and serious immune-related adverse events. These obstacles
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Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in breast cancer cells and its effect on reversing tumour drug resistance by alkaloids extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Xin-Lei Wu, Shen-Guo Lin, Yi-Wen Mao, Jun-Xian Wu, Chen-Da Hu, Rui Lv, Hong-Dou Zeng, Ming-Hao Zhang, Li-Zi Lin, Shan-Shan Ouyang, Ya-Xin Zhao
Breast cancer is a high-risk disease with a high mortality rate among women. Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. However, chemotherapy eventually results in tumours that are resistant to drugs. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling is crucial for the emergence and growth of breast tumours as well as the development
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Helicobacter pylori virulence factors: subversion of host immune system and development of various clinical outcomes Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh, Shaho Menbari, Abbas Pishdadian, Hadi Farsiani
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a worldwide spread bacterium, co-evolving with humans for at least 100 000 years. Despite the uncertainty about the mode of H. pylori transmission, the development of intra-gastric and extra-gastric diseases is attributed to this bacterium. The morphological transformation and production of heterogenic virulence factors enable H. pylori to overcome the harsh stomach
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Dysregulated phosphate metabolism in autism spectrum disorder: associations and insights for future research Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Ronald B. Brown
Studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to exposure to toxic levels of dietary phosphate are lacking. Phosphate toxicity from dysregulated phosphate metabolism can negatively impact almost every major organ system of the body, including the central nervous system. The present paper used a grounded theory-literature review method to synthesise associations of dysregulated phosphate metabolism
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Dual role of glycans and binding receptors in pathogenesis of enveloped viruses (by mainly focusing on two recent pandemics) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Fatemeh Pourrajab, Mohamad Reza Zare-Khormizi
A period of about a decade has been estimated to pass for the emergence of a new infectious strain of a virus that may lead to the occurrence of a pandemic one. It is now suggested that the variants of the 1918 H1N1 and coronavirus disease-19 pandemics could have existed in humans after the initial cross-species introduction to humans and underwent multiple low-level seasonal epidemics before the occurrence
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New perspective on DNA response pathway (DDR) in glioblastoma, focus on classic biomarkers and emerging roles of ncRNAs Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Bianca Oana Pirlog, Silvina Ilut, Radu Pirlog, Paul Chiroi, Andreea Nutu, Delia Ioana Radutiu, George Daniel Cuc, Ioana Berindan-Neagoe, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Rosanna Filosa, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent type of primary brain cancer, having a median survival of only 15 months. The current standard of care includes a combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide, but with limited results. Moreover, multiple studies have shown that tumour relapse and resistance to classic therapeutic approaches are common events that occur
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Targeting N-cadherin (CDH2) and the malignant bone marrow microenvironment in acute leukaemia Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Jessica Parker, Sean Hockney, Orest W. Blaschuk, Deepali Pal
This review discusses current research on acute paediatric leukaemia, the leukaemic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and recently discovered therapeutic opportunities to target leukaemia–niche interactions. The tumour microenvironment plays an integral role in conferring treatment resistance to leukaemia cells, this poses as a key clinical challenge that hinders management of this disease. Here we
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Current updates on arrhythmia within Timothy syndrome: genetics, mechanisms and therapeutics Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Congshan Jiang, Yanmin Zhang
Timothy syndrome (TS), characterised by multiple system malfunction especially the prolonged corrected QT interval and synchronised appearance of hand/foot syndactyly, is an extremely rare disease affecting early life with devastating arrhythmia. In this work, firstly, the various mutations in causative gene CACNA1C encoding cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC), regard with the genetic
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Fusobacterium nucleatum: a novel immune modulator in breast cancer? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Alexa Little, Mark Tangney, Michael M. Tunney, Niamh E. Buckley
Breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020. Greater understanding of the factors which promote tumour progression, metastatic development and therapeutic resistance is needed. In recent years, a distinct microbiome has been detected in the breast, a site previously thought to be sterile. Here, we review the clinical and molecular relevance of the oral anaerobic bacterium
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Autophagic mechanisms in longevity intervention: role of natural active compounds Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Kevser Taban Akça, İlknur Çınar Ayan, Sümeyra Çetinkaya, Ece Miser Salihoğlu, İpek Süntar
The term ‘autophagy’ literally translates to ‘self-eating’ and alterations to autophagy have been identified as one of the several molecular changes that occur with aging in a variety of species. Autophagy and aging, have a complicated and multifaceted relationship that has recently come to light thanks to breakthroughs in our understanding of the various substrates of autophagy on tissue homoeostasis
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MicroRNAs in cancer metastasis: biological and therapeutic implications Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Marie C. Sell, Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel, Jason C. Steel, Bijay P. Dhungel
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The seeding of primary tumours at a secondary site is a highly inefficient process requiring substantial alterations in the genetic architecture of cancer cells. These alterations include significant changes in global gene expression patterns. MicroRNAs are small, non-protein coding RNAs which play a central role in regulating gene expression
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Telomerase inhibition in malignant gliomas: a systematic review Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris, Marco Battistelli, Giovanni Pennisi, Martina Offi, Maurizio Martini, Tonia Cenci, Maria Laura Falchetti, Liverana Lauretti, Alessandro Olivi, Roberto Pallini, Nicola Montano
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent adult malignant brain tumour and despite different therapeutic efforts, the median overall survival still ranges from 14 to 18 months. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. However, the identification of cancer-specific targets is particularly challenging in GBM, due to the high heterogeneity of this tumour in terms of histopathological, molecular
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Identity matters: cancer stem cells and tumour plasticity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Abdelhakim Salem, Tuula Salo
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents frequent yet aggressive tumours that encompass complex ecosystems of stromal and neoplastic components including a dynamic population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recently, research in the field of CSCs has gained increased momentum owing in part to their role in tumourigenicity, metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse. We provide herein a
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Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combined with other small molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-24 Munawaer Muaibati, Abasi Abuduyilimu, Tao Zhang, Yun Dai, Ruyuan Li, Fanwei Huang, Kexin Li, Qing Tong, Xiaoyuan Huang, Liang Zhuang
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal female reproductive system tumour. Despite the great advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy over the past two decades, almost all patients in stages III and IV relapse and develop resistance to chemotherapy after first-line treatment. Ovarian cancer has an extraordinarily complex immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in which immune checkpoints negatively
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Autophagy of naïve CD4+ T cells in aging – the role of body adiposity and physical fitness Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-19 Camila S. Padilha, Mehdi Kushkestani, Liliana P. Baptista, Karsten Krüger, Fábio Santos Lira
Life expectancy has increased exponentially in the last century accompanied by disability, poor quality of life, and all-cause mortality in older age due to the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in older people. Biologically, the aging process reduces the cell’s metabolic and functional efficiency, and disrupts the cell’s anabolic and catabolic homeostasis, predisposing older people
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Lactate, histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Xinyu Lv, Yingying Lv, Xiaofeng Dai
Histone lactylation, an indicator of lactate level and glycolysis, has intrinsic connections with cell metabolism that represents a novel epigenetic code affecting the fate of cells including carcinogenesis. Through delineating the relationship between histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks, we propose histone lactylation as a novel epigenetic code priming cells toward the malignant state, and advocate
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Precision medicine for long QT syndrome: patient-specific iPSCs take the lead Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Yang Yu, Isabelle Deschenes, Ming-Tao Zhao
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a detrimental arrhythmia syndrome mainly caused by dysregulated expression or aberrant function of ion channels. The major clinical symptoms of ventricular arrhythmia, palpitations and syncope vary among LQTS subtypes. Susceptibility to malignant arrhythmia is a result of delayed repolarisation of the cardiomyocyte action potential (AP). There are 17 distinct subtypes of
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Modelling Alzheimer's disease using human brain organoids: current progress and challenges Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Mario Yanakiev, Olivia Soper, Daniel A. Berg, Eunchai Kang
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by gradual memory loss and declining cognitive and executive functions. AD is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide, and is a major health concern in society. Despite decades of research, the cause of AD is not well understood and there is no effective curative treatment so
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Oral microbiota in cancer: could the bad guy turn good with application of polyphenols? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Mariya Gover Antoniraj, Kasi Pandima Devi, Ioana Berindan-Neagoe, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Safieh Aghaabdollahian, Farzaneh Afkhami, Philippe Jeandet, Zahra Lorigooini, Maryam Khayatkashani, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
The human oral cavity is comprised of dynamic and polynomial microbes which uniquely reside in the microenvironments of oral cavities. The cumulative functions of the symbiotic microbial communities maintain normal homeostasis; however, a shifted microbiota yields a dysbiosis state, which produces local and systemic diseases including dental caries, periodontitis, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Recent
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Irisin enhances longevity by boosting SIRT1, AMPK, autophagy and telomerase Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Begoña Sánchez, Mario F. Muñoz-Pinto, Mercedes Cano
Ageing is characterised by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage through time, leading to a decline in physical and mental abilities. Currently, society has experienced a rapid increase in life expectancy, which has led to an increase in age-associated diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to study the process of ageing to guarantee the best conditions in the final stages of life. In recent
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Hepatitis B virus DNA methylation and its potential role in chronic hepatitis B Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 Wei Feng Low, Yun Fong Ngeow, Jack Bee Chook, Kok Keng Tee, Seng-Kai Ong, Suat Cheng Peh, Jan Jin Bong, Rosmawati Mohamed
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection led to 66% liver deaths world-wide in year 2015. Thirty-seven per cent of these deaths were the result of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although early diagnosis of HCC improves survival, early detection is rare. Methylation of HBV DNA including covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is more often encountered in HCC cases than
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Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Luka Culig, Burcin Duan Sahbaz, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is
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Roles of TGF-β in cancer hallmarks and emerging onco-therapeutic design Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Xiaofeng Dai, Dong Hua, Xiaoxia Lu
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a double-edged sword in cancer treatment because of its pivotal yet complex and roles played during cancer initiation/development. Current anti-cancer strategies involving TGF-β largely view TGF-β as an onco-therapeutic target that not only substantially hinders its full utilisation for cancer control, but also considerably restricts innovations in this field
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Preclinical activities of Cassia tora Linn against aging-related diseases Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Sun-Young Hwang, Chang-Su Na, Byeong Cheol Moon, Jung-Hyun Shim, Mee-Hyun Lee
Globally, an aging population is increasing, and aging is a natural physiological process and a major risk factor for all age-related diseases. It seriously threatens personal health and imposes a great economic burden. Therefore, there is a growing scientific interest in strategies for well-aging with prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. The seed, root, stem or leaves of Cassia tora Linn
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Metabolic signatures of immune cells in chronic kidney disease Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Jie Li, Yi Yang, Yanan Wang, Qing Li, Fan He
Immune cells play a key role in maintaining renal dynamic balance and dealing with renal injury. The physiological and pathological functions of immune cells are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics. However, immunometabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. Pathophysiologically, disruption of kidney immune cells homeostasis causes inflammation and tissue
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Extracellular vesicle isolation, purification and evaluation in cancer diagnosis Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Keywan Mortezaee, Jamal Majidpoor, Fardin Fathi
Strategies for non-invasive biomarker discovery in early detection of cancer are an urgent need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have generated increasing attention from the scientific community and are under intensive investigations due to their unique biological profiles and their non-invasive nature. EVs are membrane-enclosed vesicles with variable sizes and function. Such vesicles are actively secreted
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Precision oncology using ex vivo technology: a step towards individualised cancer care? Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 Sophie T. Williams, Greg Wells, Samantha Conroy, Hannah Gagg, Richard Allen, Ola Rominiyi, Thomas Helleday, Katie Hullock, Catherine E. W. Pennington, Juha Rantala, Spencer J. Collis, Sarah J. Danson
Despite advances in cancer genomics and the increased use of genomic medicine, metastatic cancer is still mostly an incurable and fatal disease. With diminishing returns from traditional drug discovery strategies, and high clinical failure rates, more emphasis is being placed on alternative drug discovery platforms, such as ex vivo approaches. Ex vivo approaches aim to embed biological relevance and
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The compartmentalised nature of neuronal mitophagy: molecular insights and implications Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 Fivos Borbolis, Konstantinos Palikaras
The maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network and the ability to adjust organelle population in response to internal or external stimuli are essential for the function and the survival of eukaryotic cells. Over the last two decades several studies have demonstrated the paramount importance of mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy that removes damaged and/or superfluous organelles, in organismal
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Roles of CCR10/CCL27–CCL28 axis in tumour development: mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and perspectives Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-26 Ermias Mergia Terefe, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Amir Rakhshani, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Sergushina Elena Sergeevna, Sura A. Awadh, Djamila Sh. Polatova, Adnan Hashim Abdulkadhim, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Hamzah H. Kzar, Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Mustafa M. Kadhim, Gholamali Taherian
Cancer is now one of the major causes of death across the globe. The imbalance of cytokine and chemokine secretion has been reported to be involved in cancer development. Meanwhile, CC chemokines have received considerable interest in cancer research. CCR10, as the latest identified CC chemokine receptor (CCR), has been implicated in the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells, especially lymphocytes
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Regulatory role of JMJD6 in placental development Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Xiaoli Shen, Christian De Geyter, Hong Zhang, Guoning Huang
Correct placental development and function are critical to both the mother's and the foetus' health during pregnancy. Placental function depends on the correct development of the vascular network, which requires proper angiogenesis. Impaired angiogenesis in the placenta can induce foetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and even foetal death. Placental angiogenesis is finely controlled by ubiquitous
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Possibilities of using T-cell biophysical biomarkers of ageing Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-16 Blanca González-Bermúdez, Aldo Abarca-Ortega, Mónica González-Sánchez, Mónica De la Fuente, Gustavo R. Plaza
Ageing is interrelated with the development of immunosenescence. This article focuses on one of the cell sets of the adaptive immune system, T cells, and provides a review of the known changes in T cells associated with ageing. Such fundamental changes affect both cell molecular content and internal ordering. However, acquiring a complete description of the changes at these levels would require extensive
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Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases and metabolic syndrome: recent advances and future perspectives Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Yinqiong Huang, Keyue Hu, Shu Lin, Xiahong Lin
Triglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) are the key enzymes in the first step of the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). In mammals, there are four isoforms of GPATs. GPAT1 and GPAT2 are localised in the outer mitochondrial membrane, while GPAT3 and GPAT4 are localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous research has emphasised that GPAT plays a critical effect on the development of metabolic
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Unveil the pain of endometriosis: from the perspective of the nervous system Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Peiya Fan, Tian Li
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with pelvic pain and uncharacteristic accompanying symptoms. Endometriosis-associated pain often persists despite treatment of the disease, thus it brings a deleterious impact on their personal lives as well as imposing a substantial economic burden on them. At present, mechanisms underlie endometriosis-associated pain including inflammatory reaction
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Mismatch repair is a double-edged sword in the battle against microsatellite instability Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Carson J. Miller, Karen Usdin
Roughly 3% of the human genome consists of microsatellites or tracts of short tandem repeats (STRs). These STRs are often unstable, undergoing high-frequency expansions (increases) or contractions (decreases) in the number of repeat units. Some microsatellite instability (MSI) is seen at multiple STRs within a single cell and is associated with certain types of cancer. A second form of MSI is characterised
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The emerging role of NOTCH3 receptor signalling in human lung diseases Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Manish Bodas, Bharathiraja Subramaniyan, Harry Karmouty-Quintana, Peter F. Vitiello, Matthew S. Walters
The mammalian respiratory system or lung is a tree-like branching structure, and the main site of gas exchange with the external environment. Structurally, the lung is broadly classified into the proximal (or conducting) airways and the distal alveolar region, where the gas exchange occurs. In parallel with the respiratory tree, the pulmonary vasculature starts with large pulmonary arteries that subdivide
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Erythrocyte oxidative stress and thrombosis Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 Alessandra Bettiol, Silvia Galora, Flavia Rita Argento, Eleonora Fini, Giacomo Emmi, Irene Mattioli, Giacomo Bagni, Claudia Fiorillo, Matteo Becatti
Thrombosis is a common disorder with a relevant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among elderly patients. Growing evidence demonstrated a direct role of oxidative stress in thrombosis, with various cell types contributing to this process. Among them, erythrocytes produce high quantities of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase activation and haemoglobin
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Social environment as a modulator of immunosenescence Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 A. Garrido, I. Martínez de Toda, E. Díaz del Cerro, J. Félix, N. Ceprián, M. González-Sánchez, M. De la Fuente
Immune system aging, a process known as immunosenescence, involves a striking rearrangement affecting all immune cells, resulting in an increased rate of infections and a major incidence of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Nonetheless, differences in how individuals of the same chronological age carry out this immunosenescence establishment and thus the aging rate have been reported. In the context
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Obesity-related genomic instability and altered xenobiotic metabolism: possible consequences for cancer risk and chemotherapy Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu, Helga Stopper
The increase in the prevalence of obesity has led to an elevated risk for several associated diseases including cancer. Several studies have investigated the DNA damage in human blood samples and showed a clear trend towards increased DNA damage in obesity. Reduced genomic stability is thus one of the consequences of obesity, which may contribute to the related cancer risk. Whether this is influenced
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Competing Endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in Colorectal Cancer: A Review Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-24 Mohammad Hossein Akhbari, Zahra Zafari, Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that contain microRNA response elements (MREs) are involved in CRC progression. They can compete with microRNAs (miRNAs) via their MREs, which can combine non-coding and coding RNAs via complex ceRNA networks. This molecular interaction has the potential
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Relevance of emerging metabolomics-based biomarkers of prostate cancer: a systematic review Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Navneeta Bansal, Manoj Kumar, S. N. Sankhwar, Ashish Gupta
Prostate cancer (PC) presents great challenges in early diagnosis and often leads to unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over diagnosis and treatment, thus highlighting the need for promising early diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of chronologically existing metabolomics PC biomarkers, their potential to improve clinical PC diagnosis and to reduce
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The potential role of FNDC5/irisin in various liver diseases: awakening the sleeping beauties Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-13 Xiaoyu Wang, Lihong Mao, Chaoqun Li, Yangyang Hui, Zihan Yu, Mingyu Sun, Yifan Li, Gaoyue Guo, Wanting Yang, Binxin Cui, Xiaofei Fan, Chao Sun
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein and the precursor of irisin, which serves as a systemic exerkine/myokine with multiple origins. Since its discovery in 2012, this hormone-like polypeptide has rapidly evolved to a component significantly involved in a gamut of metabolic dysregulations and various liver diseases. After a decade of extensive investigation
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TNF-α/anti-TNF-α drugs and its effect on pregnancy outcomes Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Fang-fang Dai, Min Hu, Yu-wei Zhang, Rong-hui Zhu, Li-ping Chen, Zhi-dian Li, Yan-jie Huang, Wei Hu, Yan-xiang Cheng
Pregnancy is a complex biological process. The establishment and maintenance of foetal–maternal interface are pivotal events. Decidual immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play indispensable roles in the foetal–maternal interface. The disfunction of decidual immune cells leads to adverse pregnancy outcome. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a common inflammatory cytokine, has critical roles in different
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Non-invasive molecular biomarkers for predicting outcomes of micro-TESE in patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 Dongdong Tang, Kuokuo Li, Xiaojin He, Yan Zhang, Yunxia Cao
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), the most severe type of male infertility, affects approximately 1% of men worldwide. However, the aetiology of most NOA cases is not definite, that is defined as idiopathic NOA (INOA), posing a clinical conundrum worldwide. Most of these patients must receive donor sperm treatment until the emergence of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). Although
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Reduced melatonin levels may facilitate glioblastoma initiation in the subventricular zone Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Majid Ghareghani, Kazem Zibara, Russel J. Reiter, Serge Rivest
There is increasing evidence that glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumour, originates from a neural stem cell (NSC) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral cerebral ventricle. Using the most advanced in vivo imaging techniques, Gengatharan and colleagues recently identified a day/night difference in the adult SVZ-NSC division. They reported that the circadian melatonin rhythm
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Exploring hypoxic biology to improve radiotherapy outcomes Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Chun Li, Lucy Wiseman, Ene Okoh, Michael Lind, Rajarshi Roy, Andrew W. Beavis, Isabel M. Pires
Ionising radiotherapy is a well-established, effective cancer treatment modality, whose efficacy has improved with the application of newer technological modalities. However, patient outcomes are governed and potentially limited by aspects of tumour biology that are associated with radioresistance. Patients also still endure treatment-associated toxicities owed to the action of ionising radiation in
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Repositioning anticancer drugs as novel COVID-19 antivirals: targeting structural and functional similarities between viral proteins and cancer Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-22 Zheng Yao Low, Ashley Jia Wen Yip, Sunil Kumar Lal
The current COVID-19 pandemic contributed by the SARS-CoV-2 has put in place an urgent need for new and promising antiviral therapeutics. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme plays a vital role in viral replication for all RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, thereby making it a prime and promising candidate for novel antiviral targeting. Interestingly, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase
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Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’ Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-12 Dan Lv, Bai Hu, Xingguang Lin, Renjie Wang, Di Wu, Rui Long, Mengzhou He, ShuJie Liao, Dongrui Deng
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus
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Tumour-associated macrophages heterogeneity drives resistance to clinical therapy Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Shuangshuang Guo, Xiaojing Chen, Chuhong Guo, Wei Wang
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of solid tumours. TAMs heterogeneous are associated with different cancer types and stages, different stimulation of bioactive molecules and different TME, which are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy
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Systematic review of preterm birth multi-omic biomarker studies Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-05 Juhi K. Gupta, Ana Alfirevic
Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the leading causes of deaths in infants under the age of five. Known risk factors of PTB include genetic factors, lifestyle choices or infection. Identification of omic biomarkers associated with PTB could aid clinical management of women at high risk of early labour and thereby reduce neonatal morbidity. This systematic literature review aimed to identify and summarise
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Cancer mutation profiles predict ICIs efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 Liping Zhu, Dafu Ye, Tianyu Lei, Jie Wu, Wei Wang, Bin Xu
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have produced remarkable responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, receivers still have a relatively low response rate. Initial response assessment by conventional imaging and evaluation criteria is often unable to identify whether patients can achieve durable clinical benefit from ICIs. Overall, there are sparse effective biomarkers identified
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Key biological mechanisms involved in high-LET radiation therapies with a focus on DNA damage and repair Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Zacharenia Nikitaki, Anastasia Velalopoulou, Vassiliki Zanni, Ioanna Tremi, Sophia Havaki, Michael Kokkoris, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Constantinos Koumenis, Alexandros G. Georgakilas
DNA damage and repair studies are at the core of the radiation biology field and represent also the fundamental principles informing radiation therapy (RT). DNA damage levels are a function of radiation dose, whereas the type of damage and biological effects such as DNA damage complexity, depend on radiation quality that is linear energy transfer (LET). Both levels and types of DNA damage determine
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Importance of radiobiological studies for the advancement of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. (IF 6.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Andrea Monti Hughes
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumour selective particle radiotherapy, based on the administration of boron carriers incorporated preferentially by tumour cells, followed by irradiation with a thermal or epithermal neutron beam. BNCT clinical results to date show therapeutic efficacy, associated with an improvement in patient quality of life and prolonged survival. Translational research