Abstract Chronic wounds are a serious problem that could cause severe morbidity and even death. The ability of statins including rosuvastatin calcium (RVS) to enhance wound healing was well reported. However, RVS is poorly soluble and has low bioavailability. Thus, the current study aimed to prepare and evaluate RVS loaded nanocubics to enhance its skin performance. In addition, silver nanoparticles

Abstract The interactions of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes with F108 and F127 triblock copolymers, in the monomer state, were analysed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 37 °C. According to the results, the critical micelle concentration were determined to be 0.4 wt.% and 0.04 wt.% for F108 and F127, respectively, by surface tension at 37 °C. According to the results, liposomes/poloxamers

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the mechanisms of action of a novel liposomal nitric oxide (NO) carrier on large-conductance Ca2+-activated channels (BKCa or Maxi-K) expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) isolated from the rat main pulmonary artery (MPA). Experimental design comprised of both whole-cell and cell-attached single-channel recordings using the patch-clamp techniques

Abstract The natural vesicles, microscopic spherical structures defined by a single or many lipid bilayer membranes, not only entrap but are also dispersed in the aqueous environment. The space division between inner and outer compartments is also the basic characteristics of cell membranes playing several essential functions in all living organisms. Thus, vesicles are a simple model system for studying

Abstract Background- The aim of the current study was to develop the phytosomal gel of aloe-vera extract for improved topical delivery. Methodology- Aloe-vera extract loaded phytosomal system was developed by fixing the amount of aloe-vera extract and ethanol and by varying the concentration of lecithin (0.15-0.25% w/v) and speed of rotation (80-120 rpm). Different formulation batches were prepared

Abstract Conventional formulations can not sufficiently control seizures and influence on cognitive corruption and oxidative stress with chronic usage in patients with epilepsy. To defeat this issue, it was planned to develop polymeric liposome formulations that are using for their bioavailability and enhancer impact in oral epilepsy treatment. In this study, chitosan-coated liposomal formulations

Abstract Docetaxel (DTX) is a highly lipophilic, BCS class IV drug with poor aqueous solubility (12.7 µg/mL). Presently, only injectable formulation is available in the market which uses a large amount of surfactant (Tween 80) and dehydrated alcohol as a solubilizer. High concentrations of Tween 80 in injectable formulations are associated with severe consequences i.e. nephrotoxicity, fluid retention

Abstract Cancer vaccines have been developed as an additional method of treatment in the fight against cancer. However, an important barrier to an effective vaccine is the inefficient presentation of exogenous antigen by dendritic cells to cytotoxic CD8 T cells. In this study, DPPC liposomes were modified with channels and loaded with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid

β-sitosterol (BS), a phytosterol, exhibits ameliorative effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its antioxidant activities. However, its poor aqueous solubility and negotiated bioavailability and short elimination half-life is a huge limitation for its therapeutic applications. To overcome these two shortcomings, BS-loaded niosomes were made to via, film hydration method and process parameters

The aim of present study was to evaluate the oral bioavailability of liposomal vitamin C and non-liposomal vitamin C in healthy, adult, human subjects under fasting conditions through an open label, randomized, single dose, two-treatment, two sequence, two-period, two way crossover, study. The vitamin C loaded liposome was well characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light

Herein an Ir(III) complex [Ir(Hppy)2(HMNPIP)](PF6) (Ir1, Hppy =2-phenylpyridine, HMNPIP =2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline-3-yl)-6-methoxy-4-nitrophenol) was prepared and characterized. Due to the low anticancer activity of Ir1 when administered free drug, we prepared a liposome Ir1Lipo encapsulated form of Ir1 to improve the antitumor effect, furthermore we explored the antitumor mechanism

The aim of this research was development and optimization of nanoniosomes for delivery of glibenclamide (Gbn) as hypoglycemic agent to the lung in an inhaler dosage form. Fifteen formulae of niosomal dispersions were prepared according to Box-Behnken design. The effect of drug amount, Cholesterol molar ratio and Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant on the mean vesicle size

Osthole (Ost) is a coumarin compound and a potential drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of Ost is limited by solubility, bioavailability, and low permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we constructed Ost liposomes with modified CXCR4 on the surface (CXCR4-Ost-Lips), and investigated the intracellular distribution of liposomes in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In addition

Topotecan (TPT)is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, which inhibits the action of topoisomerase I in the S-phase of the cell cycle leading to cell death. For the effective delivery of TPT to cancer cells, pH-sensitive sialic acid modified liposomes were developed. These liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method using the active loading technique. Vesicle size

A novel method for electroformation of liposomes and phytosomes using copper electrode is described. Liposomes made at 2V and 10 Hz AC field from L-α-egg-phosphatidyl choline (egg-PC), K. pneumoniae phosphatidyl ethanolamine, K. pneumoniae polar lipids and E. coli polar lipids on copper electrode were (777.9 ± 118.4) nm, (370.2 ± 100.5) nm, (825.3 ± 21.54) nm and (281.3 ± 42.3) nm in diameter respectively

The anti-inflammatory property of ratite oils as well as its ability to act as a penetration enhancer makes it an ideal agent to be used in transdermal formulations. The present study aims to develop an effective transfersomal delivery of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, an anti-cancer drug, using ratite oil as a carrier agent for the treatment of breast cancer. The 4-hydroxytamoxifen transfersomes were prepared

The aim of the present study was to develop a topical liposomal formulation as a transdermal delivery of rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer disease as an alternative to the oral dosage form and to achieve smooth continuous drug delivery and maintain plasma levels within the therapeutic window. Rivastigmine-loaded liposomes were prepared by a thin layer hydration technique that was applied

Archaeosomes, composed of sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) glycolipids, have been proven to be an effective vaccine adjuvant in multiple preclinical models of infectious disease or cancer. In addition to efficacy, the stability of vaccine components including the adjuvant is an important parameter to consider when developing novel vaccine formulations. To properly evaluate the potential of SLA glycolipids

A novel antioxidant glutathione liposomes (GSH-LIP) were prepared and applied for diabetic nephropathy therapy. GSH-LIP not only improve the bioavailability and antioxidant capacity of glutathione to scavenge redundant ROS inducing by oxidative stress, but also effectively inhibit the activity of AR and sorbitol accumulation in polyol pathway. The imaging in vivo showed that GSH-LIP could target kidney

We have previously developed ammonium sulphate gradient loaded liposomes to encapsulate dibucaine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the pre-clinical safety and effectiveness of this novel ionic liposomal formulation of dibucaine (DBC), as described in previous work. Effectiveness was evaluated in vivo on Wistar rats (n = 8) that received plain DBC or liposomal DBC (DBCLUV). Control empty

Here, the retinal targeting SA-g-AA coated multilamellar liposomes carrier synthesized to deliver the bioactive agents into the retinal region of the eye. The multilayered targeting macromolecules of liposomes prepared using a layer-by-layer assembly. The curcumin (CUR) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes loaded in a multilamellar vesicle (MLV) were synthesized by the Lipid film hydration method. The Sodium

Niosome nanoparticles can be prepared using different methods, each of which can affect the size and homogeneity of the prepared particles. The aim of this study was to establish if the method of preparation impacted on the prepared vesicles when loaded with a model protein and the type of immune responses induced to the vaccine antigen. Niosomes were prepared using both the traditional thin film hydration

Tumour metastasis is a major cause of cancer treatment failure and death, and chemotherapy efficiency for gastric cancer patients is usually unsatisfactory due to tumour cell metastasis, poor targeting and serious adverse reactions. In this study, a kind of R8GD-modified epirubicin plus tetrandrine liposomes was prepared to enhance the antitumor efficiency via killing tumour cells, destroying tumour

To investigate the efficacy of cell penetrating peptide TAT-modified liposomes loaded with salvianolic acid B (SAB-TAT-LIP) on the proliferation, migration, survival, and TGF-β1 expression of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and to preliminarily evaluate its effect on the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars. SAB-TAT-LIP was prepared using the pH gradient reverse-phase evaporation method. The

In the present investigation, we attempted to develop a lycopene-in- β-CD -in-phospholipid vesicles (LCPV) with the sole aim of combining the solubilizing power of β-CD with the sustained-release pattern of phospholipid vesicles. Inclusion complexes of β-CD and lycopene were formed and characterized by using DSC and FT-IR. Double-loaded liposomes encapsulating lycopene β-CD complex were prepared using

Cyclosporine (CYC), a calcineurin inhibitor acts specifically on T-cells and is one of the most effective treatment options for psoriasis. Systemic administration of the drug has been associated with dose-dependent toxic effects, while its topical delivery is a challenging task due to unfavourable physicochemical properties of drug. The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate the efficacy

Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid) has many favourable effects on the skin such as antioxidant, anti-aging and whitening effects. Its instability and low permeability limit its pharmaceutical use in cosmetic and dermatological products. Instead, Mg ascorbyl phosphate (MAP), an ascorbic acid derivative, has the same effect with higher stability is being used. In this work, a vesicular system, aspasomes, containing

This study was aiming to improve the effect of the water-insoluble drug, resveratrol, by encapsulating it in surfactant-based elastic vesicles (spanlastics). Spanlastics (SLs) were prepared by thin film hydration method using different ratios of Span 60 (S60) and edge activators (EAs). The prepared SLs were subjected to full in-vitro evaluation. All the SLs showed improved properties compared to the

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether lycopene-loaded liposomes (L-LYC) could interfere with the antitumor efficacy and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX). L-LYC were prepared by a thin-film hydration method to overcome the instability, insolubility, and low bioavailability of lycopene. The mean diameter and morphology of the liposomes were determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission

Mammary gland tumour has the highest incidence rate and mortality in women, worldwide. The present study envisaged a molecularly targeted nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) for doxorubicin (Dox) delivery capable of inducing cellular apoptosis in mammary gland tumour. NLCs were prepared utilizing Perilla frutescens oil (54-69% ω3-fatty acid) as liquid lipid to enhance entrapment of Dox through molecular

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the largest obstacle to the success of chemotherapy. The development of innovative strategies and safe sensitizers is required to overcome MDR. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, the application of which has been learn to understand MDR. However, the application and use are severely restricted because of this MDR. Cyclodextrins (CDs) of many carriers

In our study, the potential of bilosomes as novel vesicular carrier for the cutaneous delivery of the sulphone compound, Dapsone, for topical treatment of acne was investigated. The effect of different formulation variables (type and concentration of bile salt, and molar ratio of Span 60:cholesterol) on the properties of DPS-loaded bilosomes was investigated using a full factorial design. Design Expert

Temozolomide is a drug approved for treating glioblastomas, which has 100% oral bioavailability but gets degraded at physiological pH thus having very short half-life and only 20–30% brain bioavailability. Due to its amphiphilic nature, reported nanoformulations exhibits poor drug loading. The objective of this work was to formulate lipid-based drug delivery systems to enhance the brain bioavailability

This study was to develop a combination of zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO) and tretinoin (TRE)-loaded liposomal gel as a topical drug delivery system. We used a combination of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment to systematically optimize encapsulation process of the compound liposomes. The optimized liposome vesicles were incorporated into Carbopol gel matrix and studied by continuous in vitro

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a very potent antibiotic which still remains as the gold standard for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. AmB is a member of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class IV, mainly characterized by its poor solubility and low permeability. In this study, AmB/AmB-α cyclodextrin complex double loaded liposomes (DLLs) were developed using the design of experiments (DoE®)

Curcumin is known as an effective anticancer herbal medicine but unfortunately, its bioavailability is poor which necessitate efforts for developing more efficient and specific delivery systems. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) due to its overexpression in various types of cancers, is demonstrated to be a good candidate as a target for anticancer therapy. In this study, cytotoxicity

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant cancer characterized by easy invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis, so that conventional chemotherapy cannot inhibit its invasion and metastasis. Doxorubicin (DOX), as a broad-spectrum antitumour drug, cannot be widely used in clinic because of its poor targeting, short half-life, strong toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the aim of our study is

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease treatable and curable, however, the chemotherapeutic agents for their treatment are limited. In South American countries, pentavalent antimonials are still the first line of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis with an efficacy of about 75%, but the toxicity of the drug causes serious side effects and remains as the main obstacle for treatment. New knowledge aimed

The aim of the present study was production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of curcumin and imatinib for co-administration in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. NLCs were prepared and conjugated to rituximab to target CD20 receptors of lymphoma cell lines. Oleic acid or Labrafac and glyceryl monostearate or lecithin were used for production of NLCs. The antibody coupling efficiency to NLCs and their

Vesicle structures primarily embody spherical capsules composed of a single or multiple bilayers, entrapping a pool of aqueous solution in their interior. The bilayers can be synthesised by phospholipids or other amphiphiles (surfactants, block copolymers, etc.). Vesicles with broad-spectrum applications in numerous scientific disciplines, including biochemistry, biophysics, biology, and various pharmaceutical

Recent treatment approaches of osteoarthritis (OA) face a number of obstacles due to the progressive multitude of pain generators, nociceptive mechanisms, first pass mechanism, less efficacy and compromised safety. The present study was aimed to bring a novel approach for the effective management of OA, by developing sublingual targeted nanovesicles (NVs) bearing tapentadol HCl (TAP), surface modified

pH responsive drug delivery systems are one of the new strategies to address the spread of bacterial resistance to currently used antibiotics. The aim of this study was to formulate liposomes with 'On' and 'Off'' pH responsive switches for infection site targeting. The vancomycin (VCM) loaded liposomes had sizes below 100 nm, at pH 7.4. The QL-liposomes had a negative zeta potential at pH 7.4 that

Abstract In this paper, two medusa-like ACyDs, modified at the primary rim bearing four (ACyD4) and eight carbons (ACyD8) acyl chain length, and one bouquet-like CyD, modified at primary side with thiohexyl and at secondary one with oligoethylene moiety (SC6OH), were investigated for their ability to assemble in nanostructures or to form hybrid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/ACyDs systems. The

The goal of the current study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile, tissue distribution and adverse effects of long-circulating liposomes (LCL) with curcumin (CURC) and doxorubicin (DOX), in order to provide further evidence for previously demonstrated enhanced antitumor efficacy in colon cancer models. The pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in healthy rats, following the i.v. injection

New generation of amphiphilic vesicles known as aspasomes were investigated as potential carriers for transdermal delivery of tizanidine (TZN). Using full factorial design, an optimal formulation was developed by evaluating the effects of selected variables on the properties of the vesicles with regards to entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and cumulative percentage released. The optimal formula (TZN-AS

In this study, we describe a novel synthesis of galactosylated lipids by lipase catalysis. Lactitol (Lac), galactose (Gal), or N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) was coupled with cholesterol (CHS) as target head groups by enzyme-catalyzed regioselective esterification to produce three kinds of lipids: CHS-1-Gal, CHS-6-Gal, or CHS-6-GalNAc1. The biological effects of galactosylated lipids carrying different

Abstract Luliconazole is a new drug candidate for treatment of topical fungal infections. Its present therapy is associated with limitations of very poor and slow skin permeation, leading to required long term repeated administration for complete cure of disease. Lipid nanocarriers based elastic lipogel and ethogel formulations were developed in strength of 1% w/w and extensively characterized in vitro

Elastic liposomes consist of phospholipids and of surfactants, could be considered as promising nanotechnological platforms for skin drug delivery. The aim of the present study was the formation of elastic liposomes by thin film hydration method, using different phospholipids and surfactants, in order to determine the effect of the components on their physical characteristics and on their physical

Itraconazole (ITZ) is an FDA-approved antifungal agent that has recently been explored for novel biological properties. In particular, ITZ was identified as a potent inhibitor of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, a cell signalling pathway that has been linked to a variety of cancers and accounts for ∼25% of paediatric medulloblastoma (MB) cases. To date, there is not a targeted therapeutic option for paediatric

Abstract Liposomes (or lipid vesicles) are a versatile platform as carriers for the delivery of the drugs and other macromolecules into human and animal bodies. Though the method of using liposomes has been known since 1960s, and major developments and commercialization of liposomal formulations took place in the late nineties (or early part of this century), newer methods of liposome synthesis and

Background and objective: The combination of two or more different mechanisms of drugs in the treatment of cancer has become one of the effective methods. The purpose of this study was to successfully prepare a non-viral delivery system that could efficiently co-delivery siRNA and gambogenic acid (GNA) to improve the anti-cancer efficiency in HepG2 cells. Methods: The delivery system was prepared by

Abstract The Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. is a traditional medicine and edible plant. The previous study found that the extracts of M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. had a good antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro. But its clinical application was limited by its poor solubility, rapidly metabolized and poor bioavailability. Hence, this article aimed at developing liposomes as a novel transdermal system

Abstract Oligonucleotide is emerging as a novel class of therapeutics due to its high specificity, and ability to manage the incorrigible diseases with targeted action. The expedited growth evident from past few decades unveils the potentiality of the oligonucleotide as the future medicine. Various studies based on the vector-based system have shown the superiority of the lipid over other non-viral

Abstract The present study was designed with an aim to develop and optimize naproxen proniosomes (NAPRNs) using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The formulation was optimized using three independent variables [maltodextrin (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and drug concentration (X3)] at three different levels (low, medium and high). The prepared fifteen formulations were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency

Nonionic surfactants have an extraordinary fascination for the researchers in the field of drug delivery for enhancing drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we are reporting the synthesis, characterization, drug entrapment efficiency (EE), critical micellar concentration, and biocompatibility evaluation of sulphanilamide based new nonionic surfactants. The surfactants were synthesized

Microbubble formulations have a long history for enhancement of ultrasound (US) imaging and recently also for therapeutic applications. Previously, a series of freeze-dried bubble formulations based on the lipids DSPC and DSPG were developed. Here, we have attempted to scale-up the production process for future more extensive studies. Bubbles were prepared by homogenization of a lipid dispersion in

Propolis, a natural bee product, has both antimicrobial/antifungal and antioxidant characteristics. Active substances having antimicrobial and antifungal effects are used to avoid infections, which develop during long treatment process of chronic wounds. Antioxidant substances protect wound areas against the effect of free radicals and accelerate the healing process. For this purpose, propolis was

Combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs strongly demonstrates a good approach to reduce cytotoxicity, resistance, and the dose of the potent anticancer drugs. The purpose of this research was to design and characterize liposome incorporating celecoxib (CEL) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of this combination on different tumor cells.

Letrozole (LET), an aromatase inhibitor widely used as a first-line drug for the estrogen-dependent breast cancer treatment in postmenopausal women. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop LET topical drug delivery which would be a more efficient system to treat elevated blood levels of estrogen found in breast cancer patients. The technique involves, encapsulation of the LET in phospholipids