Abstract Context Yang-Yin-Jie-Du Decoction (YYJDD) was used to improve gefitinib efficacy in our clinical practice, but its mechanism remains unclear. Objective This study explored if YYJDD could reverse gefitinib resistance. Materials and methods H1975 cells were exposed to control, 10 μM gefitinib, 3.2 mg/mL YYJDD or combination treatment. Cell viability was detected by MTT during 0–96 h. Apoptosis

Abstract Context Aidi injection is one of the most commonly use antitumor Chinese medicine injections for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is made from the extraction of Astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginseng, and Cantharis. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aidi injection in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (GBC) for advanced NSCLC. Materials and

Abstract Context Salidroside, a compound extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), possesses many beneficial pathological effects. Objective To explore the effect of salidroside on ventilator-induced lung endothelial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods In vivo, male ICR mice were divided into sham, ventilation, salidroside, and ventilation plus salidroside groups. The mice

Abstract Context Pachymic acid and bavachin are commonly used drugs in the therapy of lung cancer. Objective The co-administration of pachymic acid and bavachin was investigated to evaluate their potential drug-drug interaction. Materials and methods The pharmacokinetics of bavachin (10 mg/kg) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in the presence of pachymic acid (5 mg/kg) (n = 6). The rats

Abstract Context Desloratadine, an H1 receptor antagonist, is suggested as an effective first-line drug for chronic urticarial (CU). However, the efficacy of desloratadine alone is limited, and the recurrence rate of CU is relatively high. Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of CU. Materials

Abstract Context Rosmarinic acid (RA) dose-dependently ameliorates acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, whether RA hepatoprotective effect is by regulating RACK1 and its downstream signals is still unclear. Objective This study explores the RA protective effect on APAP-induced ALI and its mechanism. Materials and methods Sixty Kunming mice 6–8 weeks old were randomly separated

Abstract Context Oxidative injury in a high-glucose (HG) environment may be a mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and edaravone can protect retinal ganglion cells by scavenging ROS. Objective To explore the effect of edaravone on HG-induced injury. Materials and methods First, Müller cells were cultured by different concentrations of glucose for different durations to obtain a suitable culture concentrations

Abstract Context Icariin has attracted increasing attention because of its wide variety of pharmacological effects. Objective This study investigates whether icariin could promote fracture healing in young and old rats and its mechanisms. Materials and methods A Wistar rat model for the tibia fracture in relatively young and old rats, respectively, was established. The rats were divided into four groups:

Abstract Context Huoxin pill (HXP) is a commonly used TCM prescription for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its mechanism in protecting against myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. Objective We performed a network pharmacology analysis to explore the bioactive ingredients, therapeutic effects, and mechanisms of HXP in protecting against MI. Materials and methods HPLC was used to

Abstract Context Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Asteraceae) has been reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. Objective This study sought to determine whether Gynura procumbens (GP) could improve vascular reactivity by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed with five-times heated palm oil (5HPO) diet. Materials and methods Forty-eight female

Abstract Context Modified BuShenYiQi formula (M-BYF) is derived from BuShenYiQi formula, used for the treatment of allergic asthma. The exact effect and mechanism of M-BYF on the improvement of asthma remain unclear. Objective We investigated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of M-BYF on allergic asthma. Materials and methods The asthma model was established in female BALB/c mice that

Abstract Context Various herbal medicines are thought to be useful in the management of cardiometabolic disease and its risk factors. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), also known as Lingzhi, has received considerable attention for various indications, including some related to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease by ameliorating major cardiovascular

Abstract Context As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for protecting the liver, the mechanism of Radix Gentianae (RG) remains unclear. Objective The hepatoprotective effect and metabonomics of RG were studied to explore the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of RG protecting the liver. Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and model group (n = 10, orally given

Abstract Context The traditional medicine 2036 Specialty-Qiangxin recipe (2036S-QXR) has been widely used in China to improve cardiac function, prevent stroke, and strengthen the immune system. However, its long-term toxicity remains unknown. Objective The present study evaluates the long-term toxicity of 2036S-QXR in rats. Materials and methods 2036S-QXR (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 g/kg body weight per day)

Abstract Context Chronic non-healing diabetic wound therapy is an important clinical challenge. Manipulating the release of bioactive factors from an adhesive hydrogel is an effective approach to repair chronic wounds. As an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin (BR) has been shown to promote wound healing. Nonetheless, its application is limited by its low water solubility and oxidative degradation. Objective

Abstract Context Our previous studies indicated that Yiguanjian decoction (YGJ) has an anti-hepatic-fibrosis effect and could regulate macrophage status. Objective To elucidate the mechanism of YGJ in regulating macrophages. Materials and methods Liver cirrhosis was induced by CCl4 for 12 weeks combined with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) for the last 4 weeks in male Wistar rats. YGJ (3.56 mg/kg) orally

Abstract Context 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin metabolite of glycyrrhizin, exhibits several biological activities. Objective We investigated the effects of 18β-GA on MA104 cells infected with rotavirus (RV) and its potential mechanism of action. Materials and methods Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) and 50% cellular

Abstract Context Myristicin is a natural active compound that has inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative properties. Yet, its effect on hepatic carcinoma has not been investigated. Objective To explore the role and related molecular mechanism of myristicin in hepatic carcinoma in vitro. Materials and methods Human hepatic carcinoma cell lines (Huh-7 and HCCLM3 cells) were treated with different

Abstract Context Ambrisentan is an oral endothelin-receptor antagonist (ERA). However, there is no report on the interaction between ambrisentan and shikonin. Objective To investigate the effect of shikonin on ambrisentan metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods This study developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous

Abstract Context The effect of kaempferol, a regulator of oestrogen receptors, on atherosclerosis (AS) and the underlying mechanism is elusive. Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of kaempferol on AS. Methods and materials In vivo, C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E (APOE)–/– mice were randomly categorized into six groups (C57BL/6: control, ovariectomy (OVX), high-fat diet (HFD); APOE–/–: OVX-HFD

Abstract Context Panax japonicus is the dried rhizome of Panax japonicus C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae). Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Objective To explore the neuroprotective effect of SPJ on natural ageing of rat. Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats 18-month-old were divided into ageing control, ageing treated with SPJ 10 or 30 mg/kg (n = 8)

Abstract Context Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Kazak individuals with normal glucose tolerance (KNGT) significantly reduces plasma glycolipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus db/db mice. However, the mechanism behind this effect has not been reported. Objective To study the mechanism of improved glycolipid disorders in db/db mice by FMT from a KNGT donor. Materials and methods The

Abstract Context Garden cress (GC), fenugreek (FG), and black seed (BS) are traditional herbal medicine for managing hypertension. Objective The effects of the three herbs on the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol tartrate (MT) in hypertensive rats were investigated. Materials and methods Wistar rats were divided in five groups (n = 6). Group I served as normal control group and Group II (hypertensive

Abstract Context Chinese herbal formula JiaWeiSiNiSan (JWSNS) has been widely used to prevent stress-induced neuropsychiatric ailments in clinics and proven to have therapeutic anti-stress effects on rats. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Objective Based on the proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), this study explores the possible mechanism and target proteins of JiaWeiSiNiSan raising stress

Abstract Context Streblus asper Lour. (Moraceae) is used for the treatment of different ailments, including diabetes, and requires scientific validation. Objective The study evaluates antidiabetic effects, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxicity of leaf and bark extracts of S. asper. Materials and methods Antidiabetic effects were assessed by inducing diabetes in Wistar albino rats (n = 5, six groups

Abstract Context Depression is a severe mental illness caused by a deficiency of dopamine and serotonin. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has long been used to treat pain, nausea, and depression. Objective This study investigates the anti-depressant effects of C. sativa (hemp) seed ethanol extract (HE) in chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced Drosophila melanogaster depression model. Materials and methods The

Abstract Context Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn. [Cucurbitaceae]) is widely known for its purgative, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer therapeutic potential. However, its effect on gastrointestinal (GI) disease is unrecognised. Objective This study investigated the effect of C. sativus fruit extract (CCE) on intestinal chloride secretion, motility, and motor function, and the role of TMEM16A

Abstract Context Baicalin, a major flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae), has been shown to exert therapeutic effects on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Objective To use serum metabolomics combined with biochemical and histopathological analyses to clarify anti-PF mechanisms of baicalin on metabolic pathways and the levels of potential biomarkers. Materials and methods Forty

Abstract Context Inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play important roles in the occurrence and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-EMT effects. Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-EMT mechanisms of curcumin in BPH. Materials and methods Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered

Abstract Context Recent studies demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of cyclodextrin. However, it remains unclear whether cyclodextrin exerts the anti-atherosclerotic effect via regulating monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Objective To answer that question by recruiting methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as a cyclodextrin representative. Materials and methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Abstract Context HuoXue QianYang QuTan Recipe (HQQR) is used to manage hypertension and cardiac remodelling, but the mechanism is elusive. Objective To determine the mechanism of HQQR on obesity hypertension (OBH)-related myocardial fibrosis. Materials and methods OBH models were prepared using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and divided (n = 6) into saline, low-dose (19.35 g/kg/d) HQQR, high-dose

Abstract Context Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley (Rutaceae) was reported to contain various phytochemicals including coumarins, flavonoids, and acetophenones. Objective This study investigates the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of M. latifolia bark extracts, fractions, and isolated constituents. Materials and methods Melicope latifolia extracts (hexane, chloroform, and methanol), fractions

Abstract Context Eriodictyol (EDT) is a flavonoid with strong anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of EDT in ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and methods UC model was induced by 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) solution for 7 days, meanwhile, EDT and Smoothened (Smo) inhibitor cyclopamine (Cyc) were intraperitoneally

Abstract Context The roots of Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Objective This study aimed to examine the hepatoprotective effects of T. lucida roots ethanol extract (TLRE) using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods The active ingredients of TLRE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, infra-red

Abstract Context Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf) Harms (Meliaceae) is an important medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical countries of Africa. Traditionally, P. kotschyi is used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, malaria, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Objective To provide an overview of traditional medicinal claims, pharmacological properties, and phytochemical principles

Abstract Context Esculin, an active coumarin compound, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. Objective This study explored the hepatoprotective effect and the molecular mechanism of esculin in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH. Materials and methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice were divided

Abstract Context Peucedanol is a major extract of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (Apiaceae) roots, which is a commonly used herb in paediatrics. Its interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) would lead to adverse effects or even failure of therapy. Objective The interaction between peucedanol and CYP450s was investigated. Materials and methods Peucedanol (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM) was

Abstract Context Traditionally, Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Asteraceae) has been reported to be effective in cancer treatment which motivated the authors to explore the plant for novel anticancer compounds. Objective To isolate and characterize new cytotoxic phytoconstituents from I. racemosa roots. Materials and methods The column chromatography of I. racemosa ethyl acetate extract furnished a novel

Abstract Context Valeriana jatamansi Jones [syn. V. wallichii DC, (Valerianaceae)] (VJJ) is used to treat depression. Objective To explore the effects of total iridoids of VJJ extract (TIV) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. Materials and methods VJJ roots and rhizomes were extracted with 70% ethanol. CUMS rats were treated daily with fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg, i.g.) or TIV (5.7, 11.4

Abstract Context Streptomyces species are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites known especially for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Objective This study sought to isolate and characterize antioxidant molecules biosynthesized by Streptomyces sp. KTM18. The antioxidant potential of an isolated compound and its toxicity were accessed. Materials and methods The compound was

Abstract Context Taxifolin (TAX) has effective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, but its potential mechanism has not been revealed. Objective To evaluate the potential protective effect of TAX on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Materials and methods Alcoholic liver injury model was established by oral alcohol in mice, and randomly distributed in five groups

Abstract Context The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is up-regulated in glioblastoma (GBM) cells and is regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (PTPRM). Fibronectin-1 (FN1) is also reported to be up-regulated in GBM. Objective We explored the role of FN1-induced PTPRM methylation in GBM. Materials and methods The lentivirus particles

Abstract Context Schizandrin A (Sch A) is a major phytochemical from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae), which exerts a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To investigate the mechanism of Sch A in AD. Materials and methods AD group: APP/PS1 transgenic mice served as AD models; AD + SCH group: APP/PS1 received 2 mg/kg Sch A by intragastric administration;

Abstract Context Baicalein and simvastatin possess similar pharmacological activities and indications. The risk of their co-administration was unclear. Objective The interaction between baicalein and simvastatin was investigated to provide reference and guidance for the clinical application of the combination of these two drugs. Materials and methods The pharmacokinetics of simvastatin was investigated

Abstract Context Laurolitsine is an aporphine alkaloid and exhibits potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in ob/ob mice. Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of laurolitsine. Materials and methods A LC-MS/MS method was established and validated to determine laurolitsine concentrations in the biological matrix of rats (plasma, tissue homogenate

Abstract Context A portion of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) develop resistance to the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), limiting the clinical applications. Previous results have demonstrated the synergistic effects between cryptotanshinone (CPT) and imatinib on apoptosis of CML cells in vitro. Objective To determine the antileukemia effects of CPT and TKIs on the resistant

Abstract Context Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJJD) has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection against ischaemic brain injury. Objectives This ex vivo study explores its antithrombosis activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Material and methods To study the antithrombosis activity of HLJJD ex vivo, saline, or HLJDD (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) was

Abstract Context Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) is traditionally applied to treat various inflammation-related diseases including stroke. However, literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanisms of PTH in ischaemic stroke is unavailable. Objective This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects and its underlying mechanism of PTH on ischaemic stroke. Materials and methods Cerebral

Abstract Context Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaf contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds that contribute valuable effects on human well-being. Objective This study investigates the influence of guava leaf extract-menthol toner on thermoregulation, including perspiration, skin temperature, and recovery heart rate. Materials and methods This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessed

Abstract Context Among the plants in the genus Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) used as traditional medicines to treat arthralgia, chest pain, and haemorrhoids in Indonesia, Barringtonia racemosa L. and Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in systemic inflammatory models. Objective The anti-inflammatory activity of Barringtonia angusta Kurz has not been investigated

Abstract Context Wutou decoction (WTD) is a Chinese herbal formula alleviating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SHC adaptor protein 1 (SHC1) regulates apoptosis, inflammation, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The LOC101928120 gene is located near the SHC1 gene. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the long non-coding RNA LOC101928120 binds to histone deacetylase HDAC1 that might regulate

Abstract Context Recently in Korean medicine, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Seonghyangjeongki-san (SHJKS) were reported. However, studies on the specific mechanisms of action of SHJKS for the treatment of ischaemic stroke are still lacking. Objective This study investigates the mechanism of action of the water extract methanol fraction of modified SHJKS (SHJKSmex) on cerebral

Abstract Context Sheng Xue Fang (SXF) has been used to treat anaemia for decades with good efficacy. Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of SXF to restore haematopoietic function. Materials and methods Balb/c mice (10 per/group, half male, half female) were treated with SXF (three dose groups, 8.5, 17, and 22.1 g/kg) by gavage for 14 days, and cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) was injected

Abstract Context Since ancient times, traditional Arabic medicine (TAM) has been used to treat various diseases in Syria. They are cost-effective with fewer side effects and are more suitable for long-term use compared with chemically synthesized medicines. In addition, the scientific importance is manifested, as this survey proceeds, for the purposes of verifying and documenting these traditional

Abstract Context Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates systemic inflammatory responses and causes excessive fluid leakage. 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) has been revealed to protect against LPS-induced vascular inflammation and endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro. Objective This study assesses the in vivo protective effects of tHGA against LPS-induced systemic inflammation and vascular

Abstract Context Simiao Qingwen Baidu decoction (SQBD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, can ameliorate Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) induced disease. However, its mechanism still remains unknown. Objective To detect the mechanism of SQBD in EBV-induced B lymphoproliferative disease in vitro. Materials and methods Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 20) were given SQBD (10 mL/kg) by gavage once a

Abstract Context Total Glucosides of Paeony (TGP) capsule possesses various hepatoprotective activities. No study is available concerning TGP’s concentration–effect relationship on hepatoprotection. Objective To establish a pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) modelling on TGP capsule’s hepatoprotection after a single oral administration in hepatic injury rats. Materials and methods Male Sprague-Dawley

Abstract Context Verbascoside (VB), which is found in many medicinal plant families, exhibits biological activities in various diseases. However, its effects on varicocele (VCL)-induced damage remain unknown. Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of VB on experimental rats with varicocele (VCL)-induced damage. Materials and methods Sixty sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were

Abstract Context Relinqing granules (RLQ) are being used alone or in combination with antibacterial drugs to treat urological disorders. Objective This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of RLQ in humans and the potential for RLQ-perpetrated interactions on transporters. Materials and methods Twelve healthy subjects (six women and six men) participated to compare single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics

Abstract Context Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and α-tocopheryl quinone can promote the growth of intestinal flora and affect the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Objective This study determines the molecular mechanism of the effect of tocopheryl quinone in the treatment of high cholesterol and cholate diet (HFCC)-induced NASH. Materials and methods Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley