Global grain production has been increasing every year, which highlights the need for investment, maintenance, and effective management in warehouses. Warehousing is a major bottleneck as it influences the possibility of negotiating for better market prices. In order for profitability to be increased, assurance of product quality for the consumer is necessary. Hence, there is a need for standardization

Within integrated pest management options, fumigation of stored products is one method to help control post-harvest insect infestations in our food and agricultural products. Fumigant gas concentration monitoring is important to confirm that the treatment was adequate to achieve the desired insect control, but monitoring can be relatively expensive and labor intensive. This study evaluated how accurately

To maintain grain quality and prevent loss, effective storage systems are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage duration (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 days) and temperature (4, 10, and 25 °C) on proximate and nutritional components, and color properties of Mint Vanilla and Titicaca quinoa varieties. The results showed that the increase in storage duration and temperature

Laboratory experiments were conducted in Pakistan to investigate the effectiveness of the diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation, Protect-It, at 150 ppm and imidacloprid, at 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm, alone or in combination, against the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the red

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet C (UV–C) radiation treatment of rice on both the development of S. oryzae and changes in the quality of rice Oryza sativa (L.) (Poales: Poaceae) grains. Husked rice grains were treated with UV-C, and subsequently placed alternately with the control treatment (without UV-C) in an arena. Subsequently, 500 adult S. oryzae were placed

Protectants applied to grain can reduce damage caused by insect feeding during storage. Although these protectants are effective against many external feeders, they may also reduce damage caused by internal feeders as they often interact with the exterior surface of the grain during their larval or adult stages to feed or oviposit. For this study, we investigated impacts of Storicide® II applied to

Knowledge of the role of hygiene in reducing food loss in farm stores is limited among extensionists, researchers, and farmers. Store hygiene practices during post-harvest handling and storage of maize were assessed using a cross-sectional survey of 342 farmers, with regular follow-up of 40 farmers’ stores over seven months to measure losses caused by insects, and to score the hygiene levels using

The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is an important stored-product insect pest. In the present study, the external morphologies and distribution of the sensilla on the antenna and mouthparts of L. serricorne were described following scanning electron microscopy with the aim of understanding the behavioral mechanisms of this insect pest. On the antennae,

Heat treatment, an environmental friendly insect control method, has been applied to disinfest grain storage and food processing facilities. Movement of Tribolium confusum adults into grain piles (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 kg oat groats) was investigated at constant temperatures (30, 35, 37.5, 40, 45, or 50 °C) or rising temperatures (at a rate of 0.05 °C/min from 24 to 54 °C in laboratory, or from approximately

The present study was accomplished to gain insights into the biochemical and kinetic properties of Rhyzopertha dominica’s α-amylase isoforms (named RdA70, RdA79, and RdA90) expressed in progenies reared in wheat varieties differing in α-amylase inhibitory activity. An inverse relationship was observed between the progenies’ amylase activity and the wheat inhibitory activity. Wheat samples with a high

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important storage pests of legume seeds. The effect of various legume species including chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (cultivars Hashem and Mansour), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) (cultivars Mashhad and 1057), green gram (Vigna radiata L.) (cultivar Parto), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) (cultivar Bilehsavar)

Understanding movement of insects and their behavioral response in stored grain bulks helps in controlling their infestation. Studies have been conducted on insect movement; however, determination of patterns of insect distribution is quite difficult because their behavioral responses vary with species and life stages as well as with external stimuli under different storage conditions. This review

Lysozymes play important roles in the innate immune response against pathogen infections of insects. In this study, i-type and c-type lysozymes (LsLysI and LsLysC) were identified from the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. Both genes were highly expressed in late larvae and pupae, especially in the fat body and integument. The expression of LsLysI and LsLysC was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone

Laboratory trials were conducted in wheat grain to assess the effectiveness of low temperature (5 °C), applied at intervals of 5, 7, 9, 11, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days (d), as a control measure for stored product insect pests of the genus Sitophilus, and compared the results with the impacts of 7 d pre-acclimation at 15 °C and non-acclimation. Mortality was determined after 1, 2 and 7 d of recovery in the

Laboratory bioassays (temperature 26 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% r. h.) were performed to evaluate the insecticidal effect of three different diatomaceous earths (DE) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat, triticale and rye. In order to achieve this, the amount of damaged kernels, amount of debris, wet gluten content, gluten index and rheological properties were assessed in infested samples, infested samples

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to estimate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) at 1.5 × 108 and 1.5 × 1010 conidia/kg grain alone or mixed with the diatomaceous earths (DEs) Protect-It at 150 ppm and DEBBM at 50 ppm against adults of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Adults and larvae of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts were exposed to 3000 ppm of phosphine through the Phosphine Tolerance Test. In a first series of bioassays, observations were taken every 2 min and the exposed individuals were classified either as walking normally or as being immobilized (knocked down), i.e., not walking normally. In the second series of bioassays all individuals

Soybean seed tends to lose its quality property if kept in inappropriate storage conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressures, combined with different temperatures on the soybean seed physiological potential maintenance. In 2017, seed of the cultivars 8473 RSF and TECIRGA 6070RR were stored for 7 months under: [1] ambient

Metal silos can reduce maize losses during storage in smallholder farm systems, contributing towards international goals of reducing food waste and moving towards Sustainable Development Goal 2, Zero Hunger. However, technologies are introduced into farming systems with complex sets of relationships. These may differentially affect the ability of women and men to secure the expected benefits of metal

The toxicity of ethanedinitrile (EDN), an alternative fumigant for stored products, is decreased due to the high sorption of the gas in treated commodities. This laboratory study examined adding carbon dioxide to EDN to increase activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Lasioderma serricorne at 25 °C, 50–70% R.H and a photoperiod of 16 L:8D h for 24 h. CO2 at 30% with the estimated LC25 dose of EDN

A method was proposed and assessed for measuring the moisture content of paddy using a moisture inspection card. The effects were investigated of the head space, testing duration and moisture content of paddy on cobalt chloride-coated paper discoloration. The coated paper production process consisted of soaking paper in a solution of cobalt (II) chloride and methyl alcohol and then drying at 60 °C

When we speak about capacitance moisture meters for bulk materials we have to face with different values of dielectric permittivity for different bulk materials in dehydrated state, what causes a method error that can be named ‘type uncertainty’. Besides, different varieties of the same material have different values of dielectric permittivity, which depend from geographical origin, processing conditions

In this study, we evaluated wireless phosphine sensors to quantify and depict spatio-temporal dynamics and distribution of this gas within different types of facilities and commodities. The use of wireless sensors has certain advantages over the use of traditional monitoring techniques (e.g. tubes etc.), as any measurements with these traditional techniques correspond to the specific time and location

Radio frequency treatments were evaluated for the control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in white maize, and their effects on physiological and biochemical properties were evaluated. A 12 kW, 27.12 MHz radio frequency machine was used with an electrode gap of 20 cm; batches of 10 and 20 kg of white maize (11.8% moisture content, w.b.) were treated. Radio frequency heating treatments at 50 °C for

The efficacy of spinetoram against Sitophilus zeamais adults was investigated using nine dose rates, 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 and 10.00 mg kg−1 at 20, 25 and 30 °C (55% r.h) in the laboratory. Mortality was assessed 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after exposure, and progeny production was recorded 65 d after the final count. Dose rates and exposure periods affected adult mortality

An optimized combination of whey protein concentrate (WPC), glycerol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was determined by evaluating the mechanical properties of edible films and coating percentage on sunflower seed kernels (SUKs). The optimal coating solutions with/without rosemary extract (RAE) were used to improve oxidative stability of SUKs. Moreover, the efficiency of the coated SUKs was assessed

Control of Tribolium castaneum, a stored product insect pest, requires analysis of the post-introduction dispersion pattern to determine the most effective time and place for preventive measures. However, the indoor habitat characteristics of T. castaneum limit the choice of tools that can be used for spatiotemporal evaluation of its dispersion. In this study, we evaluated potential T. castaneum distribution

The production of soya is very important for the global food security, and the drying process exerts great impact on grain quality. The irregular flow of the grain in a mixed flow dryer can produce a non-uniform drying of the grains. The objectives of this work were to verify the suitability of the use of the discrete element method simulations in a quasi-two-dimensional domain, to perform experiments

We report here the results of three successive toxicity studies against a selection of forest insect pests, conducted in New Zealand to determine the efficacy of reduced methyl bromide (MB) rates, i.e. rates lower than those currently used, to disinfest export pine logs. First, the relative tolerance to MB among the naked life stages of the golden-haired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda, the black

The persistence of a commercially available diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation (SilicoSec®) against Sitophilus granarius, Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium confusum on wheat at four dose rates (500–2000 mg/kg) during a 360-day period of storage was assessed. Mortality of S. granarius were 76.0, 88.4, 93.2 and 95.6% at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively at 0 month at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg, whereas

Incessant interactions between biotic and abiotic factors affect the physical quality of harvested, stored, and marketed beans. We investigated the interactions between variety and method of storage on the quality of harvested and stored beans in four contrasting agro-locations. Focus group discussions identified three varieties - a local speckled purple variety (Sp), and two improved ones: oval-shaped

Lipid oxidation and discoloration are two important problems in the storage of pastırma, a meat product. In this research, the usability of lyophilized red beet water extract (LRBWE) in cemen paste and its effects on the pastırma quality (especially colour, protein and lipid oxidation, microbial and sensory properties) were investigated during storage. Two trials were conducted; in trial 1, LRBWE was

The use of high-pressure carbon dioxide and heating applications has been more popular against stored product insect pests recently. We designed and constructed a modern automated controlled atmosphere system based on carbon dioxide under different pressures and temperature regimes for the management of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) (RFB) and saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis)

Statistical models were developed to estimate the density of Sitophilus zeamais adults in a flat storage warehouse holding 230 tonne of wheat with 12.4 ± 0.2% (wet basis) moisture content at 18–33 °C. Published data were used to develop the models. To valid the developed models, trapping and manual sampling with 15 kg of sampling unit at five locations were conducted in the warehouse for more than

To reduce post-harvest losses of food produce and ensure a better return to marginal farmers, a small cold storage has been developed using a domestic split air conditioner. The developed solar-powered cold storage is a low cost, simple and energy-efficient unit. Installation, operation and maintenance costs of the cold storage are also less. The cold storage is integrated with IoT-based sensors for

Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most studied parasitoids for biological control of pest’s moths in postharvest environment. However, little is known about the searching behavior and learning ability of this braconid regarding host localization. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the chemotaxic behavior of female H. hebetor with and without parasitism experience to

Adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) biosynthesize aggregation pheromones 4,8-dimethyldecanal and dominicalure-1/dominicalure-2, respectively. These pheromones are commonly used independently, and their simultaneous use has not been adequately studied. Furthermore, information on trapping flying R. dominica in pheromone traps is minimum. Therefore, the objectives were

The current study presents the design and evaluation of a laboratory device combining mechanical motion of wheat grain and turbulent air streaming inside a positive pneumatic conveyor system. The device recovers microparticulate nano-engineered alumina insecticide powders (NAIP) from treated grain. The particle removal efficiency of the conveying system was experimentally quantified by using a laboratory

Dry-cured hams are frequently infested by mold and Tyrophagus putrescentiae in the aging facility during the 3 mo to 2-year aging period. Food grade coatings and these coating treated nets have been developed to control mold and mite growth on dry-cured hams to curtail the use of methyl bromide. Ham nets treated with food-grade coating of 1% propylene glycol alginate + 1% carrageenan + 40% propylene

This study was designed to determine the quantitative and qualitative losses of stored grains that arise from insect infestation in three districts of southwestern Ethiopia. One district was selected from each zone based on the production potential of the target crops (maize, sorghum, wheat and fababean). A total of 240 farmers’ stores from all districts were randomly selected. The grain samples used

Cocoa is a crop that serves as a major source of income in some countries, but its production has been affected by red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). In this study, we aimed to predict the global potential distribution of T. castaneum under the current climate and in response to climate change (2050 and 2100). In addition, we attempted to use the results for estimating damage and economic

Naturally infested paddy rice was used to compare the effectiveness of polypropylene bags and hermetic storage containers over 12 months of storage in a warehouse. Insect pest identification as well as the infestation level, percentage of damaged grain, weight loss, and moisture content were evaluated. Five insect species associated with stored rice were identified during the storage period, namely

This study presents the sensitivity analysis of Ellis and Roberts (1980a, 1980b) viability model as this is derived from the contribution of moisture content, seed temperature and time step variables. The analysis revealed significant increase in sensitivity of viability regarding the time variable for Δt<72min which is often adopted in computational modelling. For Δt>720min, the moisture content variable

We assessed the effectiveness of a pheromone auto-confusion method applied for a three-year study (Years 1–3) in a confectionery factory store infested by almond moths, Ephestia cautella (Walker), based on pheromone traps and the presence of spermatophores in females captured with water traps. The application of Exosect® SP Tab pheromone dispensers, at a rate of 1 tablet per 25 m2 floor area, combined

Pastırma is a dry-cured and dried meat product and its coating with a paste defined as “cemening” is one of the most important stages in the formation of its color and quality. However, discoloration is an important problem during production and storage. In this study, the effects of lyophilized red cabbage water extracts (LRCWE; 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%) and pH values (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0)

The use of radio frequency (RF) heating to reach temperatures lethal to stored product pests has significant potential. We examined the lethal effects of RF on the stored grain pest, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), under four different RFs, three types of grain, and different moisture contents of rice. The quality of two rice cultivars, after RF heating, was also tested. When

The widespread use of synthetic insecticides results in insecticide-resistant populations of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a primary pest species of stored corn worldwide. Thus, new active ingredients with different modes of action are needed for integrated pest management (IPM) of stored grains. Thus, toxicological bioassays (using S. zeamais as bioindicator)

In this study individual and combined effects of some chemical and physical factors including cypermethrin, dichlorvos, ash, kaolin and high temperatures were assessed on adults of cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) at laboratory conditions. The adults were exposed to the studied factors on concrete arenas prepared in plastic Petri dishes. Twenty up to 24 h old adults were released in

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of storage period (0, 2, 4, and 6 months) and temperature (15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) on the germination, vigor, technological properties, starch digestion, and phenolic compound content of mung beans. The germination, vigor, protein solubility, inhibition of the ABTS radicals, and the total free and bound phenolic compound content reduced while cooking time,

To assess the susceptibility of pseudocereals (amaranth and quinoa), minor cereals (teff and millet), and oilseeds (chia and hemp), now commercially available on the European market, to attacks by polyphagous and cosmopolitan insect pests, laboratory tests were set up. Tests involving controlled infestation of seeds, using laboratory-bred insects (Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium confusum, Oryzaephilus

Phosphine (PH3) fumigation resulting in sub-lethal exposure has led to the development of phosphine resistance in many stored-product insect species worldwide and is a major challenge to the continued effective use of phosphine. In 2016 phosphine resistance was found in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) collected from California dried fruit and nut processing facilities

Acoustical detection of insects feeding and crawling sounds was used to automatically monitor internal and external grain feeding bruchids in order to assess the growth and density of food legume bruchids (Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus) in bulk stored chickpea and green gram. Bruchids hidden inside the grain kernels were detected acoustically through amplification and filtering

Protein tyrosine phosphatase is a type of enzyme commonly found in eukaryotes that specifically hydrolyzes tyrosine phosphate bonds on protein substrates to remove phosphate, thereby regulating protein functions or even cell functions. In this study, we used the model insect Tribolium castaneum to study the sequence characteristics and functions on trehalose metabolism of two PTP proteins in T. ca