In the last decades, finding new methods to preserve the quality of wheat during post-harvest storage has become of primary importance to guarantee high-quality food products. Attacks by rodents and microorganisms, as well as humidity and high temperatures, are well-known factors affecting the qualitative and quantitative features of stored grains. The use of a controlled atmosphere saturated with

Tribolium castaneum is a serious pest of durable agricultural commodities during storage. The male T. castaneum adults release the aggregation pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal (4,8 DMD). The 4,8 DMD is produced commercially and available to be used in Dome traps along with their recommended kairomone but low trapping response is often reported. Concentration of 4,8 DMD influences the attraction of T. castaneum

In recent study, phosphine resistance was assessed in 14 populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from North India. These populations were resistant to phosphine as compared to susceptible laboratory population and the resistance ratios at LC50 ranged from 1.16 to 31.62-fold. In order to determine the trend and magnitude of evolution of phosphine resistance under laboratory conditions, phosphine

Despite the fact of calls for studies to identify and assess the effects of user deviations from recommended innovation-practices disseminated to farmers in developing-nation contexts, such research remains rare. This study answers that call by drawing on prior research—which two years earlier had trained farmers in northern Mozambique in an 8-step, improved postharvest bean storage protocol using

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of different gamma irradiation doses on storage life of garlic bulbs under ambient storage conditions. Garlic bulbs (cv. PG-18) were irradiated with gamma rays in dose range of 0–0.2 kGy and stored under ambient conditions (Temp 27–35 °C and RH 34–76%). Physical and chemical quality parameters i.e. physiological loss in weight (plw), rotting, sprouting

Four rice cultivars (Ayutthaya 1, Khao Bahn Nah 432, Plai Ngahm Prachin Buri, and Prachin Buri 2) that usually have a major problem with chalkiness were processed by applying superheated-steam drying and conventional parboiling methods. The main objectives were: (1) to determine the possibility of applying superheated-steam drying to solve the chalkiness and low head rice yield problems and (2) to

The distribution of biotic and abiotic factors creates ecological niches. Despite the link between both the biotic and abiotic components of a species niche and its geographic distribution, most approaches to species-distribution modeling correlate the occurrence of a single species with broad-scale environmental variables, but do not include biotic interactions. We studied the relative effects of

In this study, the effect of different carbohydrates on food consumption, growth and development duration of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) larvae was investigated. 13 diets containing different carbohydrates were prepared. Control diet did not contain carbohydrates. The 8 diet contains 3% concentration of glucose, galactose, maltose, starch, arabinose, mannose, sucrose or fructose

The contribution of food availability to food insecurity and poverty reduction, makes food loss an important issue. The study provides findings on the economic and nutritional implications of produce loss at different stages of the common bean value chain and discuss farmers role in reducing losses through their measurement of loss and awareness of loss factors. Average losses at the postharvest handling

The insect midgut peritrophic membrane (PM) is a functional layer that protects insects against abrasive food particles and microorganism infection. Chitin is an essential component of the PM, and its synthesis is catalyzed by chitin synthase 2 (CHS2). CHS2 plays a unique role in chitin synthesis in the PM and thus represents a potential target for eco-friendly pesticides. The chitin synthase 2 gene

Egyptian pastrami is among the most important and widely consumed meat products in Egypt and due to the great defects in its storage as a ready-to-eat products by retailers, distributers or even consumers, the aim of the current research is to assess the effect of storage temperatures on physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Egyptian pastrami using autoclaved non-meat ingredients

This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its effects upon oviposition rate, population development, respiration rate, and dry mass loss in cowpea beans. The toxicity of AITC was determined by applying lethal concentrations (LC) of the compound, whereas the mortality curves were drawn

This study examines the effect of semolina, cracked wheat, maize flour, cracked maize, whole oat flakes, whole barley flour and cracked barley on the developmental and reproductive biology of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). The pest completed its development at all tested commodities except semolina and cracked wheat, while females did not produce

Plant-based products and common repellents have been suggested as promising alternatives for management of stored product insects. In this study, contact toxicity and repellent activity of the safe natural products carvacrol, citronella oil, geraniol, nootkatone, ocimene and R-(+)-pulegone, and the synthetic commercial repellents, N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and the fatty acid mixture of

The degradation kinetics of dehydrated sweet corn for total sugar, ascorbic acid, TSS, pH, rehydration parameters, colour and moisture content using low density polyethylene pouches (LDPE) and laminated aluminium foil pouches (LAFP) with or without vacuum were studied. The samples were kept for 3 months and were analysed at every 15 days. During the storage, total sugar, ascorbic acid and total soluble

Hermetic storage technologies (HSTs) have been disseminated in Sub-Saharan Africa (including Kenya) to reduce grain storage losses among farmers. We carried out a study in three counties in eastern Kenya to assess the use and profitability of HSTs among farmers. Data were collected from 613 farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire and Kobo Toolbox via android tablets. Results showed an increase

The aim of this study was to determine appropriate conditions of temperature and moisture during a storage period of several months in the technological, chemical, nutritional parameters and phytochemical of green lentils. For this the experimental design adopted was completely randomized in a split-split plot scheme, with three replications. In the main plot, temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) were allocated;

A series of tests was conducted to determine if Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, could survive on six milled sorghum fractions: Bran, Coarse Grits, Fine Grits, Flour, Red Dogs, and Shorts. In the first test, parental adults were exposed on the fractions, removed, and then the fractions were held for six-seven weeks at 27 °C. Late instar larvae and progeny adults were present in all

Maintaining the cooking characteristics and bioactive compound contents in red rice is essential during the post-harvest stages. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of delayed drying time interval of 3 and 6 days and temperature of 15 and 25 °C followed by storage for 12 months on the cooking properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and the phenolic contents of red rice. The

Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are economically important pests, which damage stored products in granaries and mills. Because it is difficult to distinguish Cryptolestes species morphologically, we develop here a high sensitivity real-time PCR method for distinguishing five species of Cryptolestes (C. ferrugineus, C. pusillus, C. turcicus, C. pusilloides and C. capensis). The lower limit

A total of nine promising varieties including five desi type and four kabuli type of chickpeas were screened against pulse bruchid under free-choice conditions at Post Harvest Technology Centre, Bapatla. The chickpeas were studied for their physical characters and biochemical constituents, and the extent of influence on insect preference and development was established through correlation and regression

Common bean is a legume of significant socioeconomic importance and is cultivated worldwide. This crop is affected by several pests and diseases, which cause considerable economic losses and reduce yield. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the role of proteins and peptides with activity against a wide range of insects and pathogens. The objective of this work was to identify defense

We used the following new range of insect species as baits for trapping entomopathogenic fungi: Plodia interpunctella, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma granarium, Ephestia kuehniella and Tenebrio molitor, which constitute important stored product pests. Soil samples were collected from random points in olive tree orchards in Western Greece using Geographical Information Systems

Maize is the main crop cultivated by small scale farmers (SSF) in Mexico, and its production represents an important goal for local food security. However, SSF very often face severe post-harvest losses in maize, mainly because of insect pests and the lack of suitable storage technology. This study was conducted to compare the field effectiveness in terms of maize quality under on-field conditions

A white low polyphenol sorghum, a red-waxy starch sorghum, a red-tannin sorghum with moderate polyphenol levels, and a red non-tannin sorghum were evaluated for susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) (Coleopter: Bostrychidae), the lesser grain borer. Density levels of 0 (untreated controls), 10, 20, or 30 mixed-sex adults were exposed on 100 g replicates of each of the varieties and removed

Lipoxygenases (LOXs, EC 1.13.11.12), which effected the quality of soybean, rice and maize in storage processing, is the key enzyme in seed lipid metabolism ways, but is rarely reported in peanut. In order to determine the activity of LOXs in peanut, a quantitative method for the determination of LOX3 activity in peanut was developed, which was optimized on the basis of the method of Lox3 Beta-carotene

Liposcelis corrodens (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) is recognized as one species of common stored product pests, however, it has not been reported in China. In this study, we identified Liposcelis specimens collected from a maize reserve depot in China as Liposcelis corrodens based on morphological and molecular methods. The identification of L. corrodens and keys to the stored Liposcelis species of Group

Movement and distribution of Sitophilus zeamais adults and relationship between their trapping frequency and insect density were determined in one tonne wheat with 11.5 ± 0.2, 12.5 ± 0.1 and 13.5 ± 0.2% moisture contents (wet basis) inside cylindrical bins at 20, 25 and 30 °C. The introduced adult densities were 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 adults/kg wheat (A/kg). Inside each bin, 15 probe traps were vertically

There are various types of grain storage bags available to farmers in tropical countries. However, these bags differ in price, quality, and reduced post-harvest losses due to insect pests and mould infestation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three types of storage bags of Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS), Grain pro-super (GPS) and woven (WN) bags under assumed small farmer’s storage

A laboratory experiment was taken to study the “physical and biochemical basis of resistance in groundnut against bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier)” at department of entomology, college of agriculture, svpua&t, Meerut during August 2018 to February 2019. Varietal screening of groundnut pods against bruchid were carried out with ten varieties and the performance of the varieties was assessed based

Prostephanus truncatus is a notorious pest of stored-maize grain and its spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa has led to increased levels of grain storage losses. The current study developed models to predict the level of P. truncatus infestation and associated damage of maize grain in smallholder farmer stores. Data were gathered from grain storage trials conducted in Hwedza and Mbire districts of

Phosphine (PH3) is the most commonly used fumigant to protect stored products from arthropod infestations worldwide. Our knowledge about the behavioral differences between phosphine-resistant and -susceptible stored product pest populations is limited. This study evaluated differences in mobility and behavior of populations of two major stored product insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha

Rice is a food crop prone to contamination by toxigenic fungi. Ozone, as a decontamination strategy in the industry, has attractive advantages over traditional food preservation techniques. A contribution to the understanding of ozone as an antifungal agent in rice storage processes is performed in this study. For this, a mathematical model to predict the ozone spread in rice storage in silos was developed

Nanoparticles represent a promising technology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive materials and a large number of studies showed the effectiveness of nanostructured materials against various arthropod species of economic importance. In this work nanostructured alumina (NSA) was prepared using sol-gel method and the effect of NSA was evaluated as seed protectant against the main seed-infesting insect

Global health and environmental concerns against synthetic pesticides in stored-grain coupled with high cost, unavailability and inaccessibility of modern non-chemical grain treatment technologies in Africa are driving the need for low-cost and low-dose combination of readily available alternatives. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of non-registered low-dose food grade diatomaceous

A 5 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design was used to evaluate the effect of aw (0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.85), RH (65% and 75%) and temperature (24 °C and 28 °C) on Tyrophagus putrescentiae growth, on ham cubes in two separate experiments, one for treated nets (infused with propylene glycol (PG) + propylene glycol alginate (PGA) + carrageenan (CG) + water) and one

As a consequence of the widespread use of insecticides against insect pests in grain warehouses and in the food industry, insecticide resistance has greatly increased among these species all over the world. Nonetheless, insecticide resistance in stored grain insects in Egypt was little studied. Therefore, our study aimed to forecast infestation risks and determine the insecticide resistance level in

The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais is a pest of remarkable economic importance as it attacks stored grains, processed cereals, and industrial foods. In this study, a water extract (WE) from Moringa oleifera seeds and water-soluble lectin (WSMoL) isolated from it were investigated for insecticidal activity against S. zeamais adults. The insects were maintained for 10 days on plates containing an artificial

In the present study we examined the effect of seeds of the weed Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asterales: Asteraceae) in different combinations with wheat or barley in the population growth of two major stored product insects, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostryhidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The evaluation took place on 7 different quantitative combinations

The PICS bags, originally developed for cowpea storage, were evaluated for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) preservation. Batches of 25 kg of sorghum grain were stored in 50 kg PICS or polypropylene (PP) bags under ambient conditions for 12 months and assessed for the presence of insect pests and their damage, seed viability and, oxygen and carbon dioxide variations. The grain was incubated for 35 days to

Insect pests such as Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius and Plodia interpunctella Hübner cause substantial losses to grain during postharvest storage. In the last few years, hermetic storage technologies have been successfully used by smallholder farmers in Africa and Asia to protect their harvested grain against insect pests. Hermetic technologies owe much of their effectiveness to restricting oxygen

Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags were designed to reduce grain storage losses on smallholder farms. The bag consists of three layers: two high-density polyethylene liners fitted inside a woven polypropylene bag. Recently, farmer groups, development relief programs, and government food security agencies have shown interest in PICS bags for large-scale use. PICS bags are conventionally closed

Experiments in Niger assessed whether extreme environmental conditions including sunlight exposure affect the performance of triple-layer PICS bags in protecting cowpea grain against bruchids. Sets of PICS bags and woven polypropylene bags as controls containing 50 kg of naturally infested cowpea grain were held in the laboratory or outside with sun exposure for four and one-half months. PICS bags

Small hermetic bags (50 and 100 kg capacities) used by smallholder farmers in several African countries have proven to be a low-cost solution for preventing storage losses due to insects. The complexity of postharvest practices and the need for ideal drying conditions, especially in the Sub-Sahara, has led to questions about the efficacy of the hermetic bags for controlling spoilage by fungi and the

We conducted an experiment in Niger to evaluate the performance of hermetic triple layer (Purdue Improved Crop Storage- PICS) bags for the preservation of shelled and unshelled groundnut Arachis hypogaea L. Naturally-infested groundnut was stored in PICS bags and woven bags for 6.7 months. After storage, the average oxygen level in the PICS bags fell from 21% to 18% (v/v) and 21%-15% (v/v) for unshelled

A follow-up study on the quality of maize for sale in West African public markets was carried out in Benin and Niger from August 15-28, 2013. Complementing the earlier study, this present assessment included not only retailers but also wholesalers and maize producers. Samples were evaluated for parameters related to the physical quality of the maize and for aflatoxin contamination. Most maize value

Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags are used by farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa for pest management of stored grains and products, including maize. These bags hermetically seal the products, preventing exchange with external moisture and gases. Biological respiration within the bags create an environment that is unsuitable for insect development and fungal growth. This study was conducted to determine

Postharvest insect pests threaten the nutritional and financial security of smallholder farmers in the developing world. Hermetic storage, a technology that protects grain against insects by blocking their supply of oxygen, alleviates the problem of insect-caused losses. PICS (Purdue Improved Crop Storage) bags represent one hermetic technology that improves food availability and incomes of farmers

We assessed the performance of hermetic triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for protecting Hibiscus sabdariffa grain against storage insects. The major storage pest in the grain was a bruchid, Spermophagus sp.. When we stored infested H. sabdariffa grain for six months in the woven polypropylene bags typically used by farmers, the Spermophagus population increased 33-fold over that

The new fumigant carbonyl sulfide offers an alternative to both methyl bromide and phosphine as a grain fumigant. Separate mathematical models for levels of kill, based on quantitative toxicological studies were developed for adults and eggs of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). These models suggest that fumigation exposure times for carbonyl sulfide will be a compromise between those of methyl

This study evaluated the efficacy of ozone as a fumigant to disinfest stored maize. Treatment of 8.9tonnes (350bu) of maize with 50ppm ozone for 3d resulted in 92-100% mortality of adult red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adult maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), and larval Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and reduced by 63% the contamination level of the fungus

Peas (Pisum sativum) are toxic to some stored-product insects. The repellent effect of fractions of pea seed to stored-product insects was evaluated in multiple-choice tests in which wheat kernels were dusted with fractions rich in either protein, fibre or starch at 0.001 to 10% (wt:wt). There was a negative correlation between pea protein concentration and the number of adults found in grain for Cryptolestes

Phosphine fumigation trials were carried out on bag-stacks of paddy rice to study the differences in gas loss rates and concentration-time (Ct) products achieved during the treatment of indoor and outdoor stacks. Stacks (89-132t) were fumigated singly under 250&mgr;m thick polyethylene sheeting, which was sealed with a double layer of sand-snakes to the concrete floor. Phosphine was applied as an aluminium