The tomato plant, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the world and plays an important role in human diet. Tomato cultivars are hosts for diverse types of pests, implying diverse chemical defence strategies. Glycoalkaloids are the main specialised metabolites produced by tomato leaves and fruits to protect against pests. However, the roots have received

Two species of oak are dominant in French forests: pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.). Differentiating oak species is difficult, since features such as morphological characters, geographical origin and grain are not always relevant. Even if the former is generally richer in tannin compounds while the latter is often richer in aromatic compounds, the intra‐species

Predictive approaches on the activity of natural compounds based on the fragmentation by instrumental techniques are important for consideration of such molecules as drug candidates and defining new structures with promising properties. Since flavonoids are well‐known antioxidants, their redox properties can be related to their pharmacological activity.

Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN), is a well‐known Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis, immunosuppression, tumours and cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive component identification is essential for elucidation of its pharmacological mechanism and quality control. However, its complex chemical composition has caused certain difficulties in the analysis of this traditional Chinese

Immunity boosting has emerged as a global strategy to fight the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic situation. In India, AYUSH systems of medicine have been promoted as an immune‐protection strategy. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees (AP) mentioned in Ayurveda has been widely used for treating sore throat, flu, and upper respiratory tract infections which may provide possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively

Pseudevernia furfuracea, a lichen used classically for cosmetic applications, contains interesting metabolites possessing antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory or antioxidant properties.

The inherent diversity of natural product extracts has not only made their value for biological activity attractive, but has also presented significant challenges for separation and detection techniques to enable rapid characterisation of the biologically active component present in the complicated mixture.

Glucosinolates (1–5) are important secondary metabolites found in Isatis indigotica roots. Due to their high hydrophilic and ionic nature, purified glucosinolates often contain salt impurities and moisture. Accurate assessment of their purities is important for glucosinolates being utilised as chemical markers.

Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world, an important source of isoflavones, and used to treat various chronic diseases. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), associated with multivariate experiments and green solvents, is increasingly used to develop comprehensive elution methods for quality control of plants and derivatives.

The diarylheptanoid xyloside oregonin ((5S)‐1,7‐bis(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(β‐d‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐heptan‐3‐one) has significant medicinal potential and is found at high concentration in leaves and bark of red alder (Alnus rubra).

The ever‐growing diffusion and consumption of herbal teas, due to their sensory attributes and well‐known health benefits exposes them to the real risk of adulteration, especially in the case of commercial mixtures already minced for infusion. Therefore, novel and suitable tools for the control of these valuable products are increasingly required.

The bark of Ilex rotunda (BIr) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time in China. Triterpene saponins (TSs) were considered to be the major bioactive ingredients and possessed antiplatelet aggregation activity. Identification of TSs in BIr is a necessary step to understand the biological properties.

No abstract is available for this article.

Craterostigma plantagineum and Lindernia brevidens are resurrection plants, so these plants can tolerate desiccation of their vegetative tissues. Different components and mechanisms contribute to desiccation tolerance and secondary plant metabolites, like phenolic compounds, may play a role during these processes.

Capsaicinoids are alkaloids of high pungency which are exclusively formed by fruits of the genus Capsicum. Capsaicinoid content and composition of Capsicum fruits are influenced by ripening.

Swertia japonica Makino (S. japonica) has a long history of use as a folk medicine, and it is one of the three essential Japanese folk medicines. S.japonica has been reported to have various biological activities. The biologically active secoiridoid glycoside swertiamarin (SM) has been isolated from S. japonica. The efficacy of this plant is attributed to SM and related secoiridoid glycosides. To control

The plant Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham (PM), known by its common Thai name as white Kwao Krua, is sometimes misidentified because it presents similar botanical characteristics to those of Butea superba (red Kwao Krua). The phytochemicals in PM are phytoestrogens in the class of isoflavonoids, but Butea superba contains flavonoids that exhibit androgenic and antiestrogen

Symphytum officinale L. (comfrey, Boraginaceae) is a cultivated or spontaneously growing medicinal plant that is traditionally used for the treatment of bone fractures, hematomas, muscle pains and joint pains. A wide range of topical preparations and dried roots for ex tempore applications are marketed in European drug stores or pharmacies.

Mango is used in traditional medicine in many countries. However, the processing by‐products are not currently used and generate large pollution problems and high handling costs.

Flavonoids are the most important and effective constituents in the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., which have been known to show antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and anticoagulant activities. However, efficient extraction and separation methods for these flavonoids are not currently established.

Chromones are the major constituents of agarwood and are considered to be directly related to its quality. Agarotetrol, a chromone derivative, is a Chinese Pharmacopoeia content detection index. However, comprehensive high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker (QAMS), and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS)

Astragali radix (AR), the root of Astragalus, is an important medical herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive components include isoflavones and a unique class of triterpenoid saponins (named astragalosides).

Literature data concerning the electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) behaviour of flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides are poor and sometimes disputable. Therefore, we decided to analyse the compounds of this kind present in the bark of Prunus cerasus and Prunus avium by using high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC/ESI‐MS.

The root of the Ononis species has been used internally and externally in ethnomedicine for centuries and contains biologically valuable isoflavonoid compounds. Therefore, it is important to obtain quantitative information about the isoflavonoid profile of these plants.

Propolis is widely used in folk medicine, and many factors can affect its chemical composition, including abiotic factors that can influence plants and bees. Therefore, analytical methods are powerful techniques in the quality control of such products.

Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. (Papaveraceae family) is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat muscle pain, inflamed wounds, and bee bites. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids are the main active ingredients in M. cordata. In this work, sanguinarine and chelerythrine were efficiently extracted and purified by ultrahigh‐pressure extraction (UHPE) technique and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current

Organic molecules that interact with the cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, which can be endogenous, natural or synthetic compounds. They possess similar pharmacological properties as produced by the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Before cannabinoids can be analysed, they need to be extracted from the matrices.

The formula of Chinese medicine, Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan (DZXW), has the distinct feature of compatibility therapy, which is attributed to the interactions of multi‐herbs. However, the quantification problem caused by the absence of pure reference standards is a bottleneck to clarify the compatibility advantages from the perspective of pharmacokinetics (PKs).

Medicago sativa contains flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, sterols, monoterpenes, and organic acids, with flavonoids being the main active constituents. Flavonoids naturally contain a 2‐phenylchromone structure with antioxidant, free radical scavenging, cardiovascular, and trace estrogen‐like effects.

Gloriosa superba L. is a promising antitumoural plant species as a source of colchicinoids. Ethnobotanical applications of G. superba are associated with different plant parts such as leaves, seeds, fruits, tuber and the whole plant.

Consumption of fava beans seeds can be harmful to both humans and animals due to the presence of pyrimidine glucosides: vicine and convicine. Therefore, seeds, feed supplements, and protein extracts derived from fava beans should be monitored for the contents of pyrimidine derivatives.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among the various types of cancer. Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey). is a popular anti‐cancer herbal supplement. The quality control of ginseng is crucial to ensure its clinical efficacy. This study aimed to establish new quality control methods for ginseng and to identify its main active components responsible for lung cancer treatment.

The minor phenolic constituents of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. are unknown and one dimensional (1D) liquid chromatography (LC) is unable to provide sufficient separation.

The aim of this study was to develop artificial neural network (ANNs) models for prediction of physical (total dissolved solids, extraction yield) and chemical (total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity) properties of industrial hemp extracts, prepared by two different extraction methods (solid‐liquid extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction) based on combined UV‐VIS‐NIR spectra. Spectral

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a frequently used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) and salvianolic acid B (Sal Acid B) are two major extracts obtained from its dried root. The quality of herbal ingredients can be affected by environmental factors.

Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine for roundworm treatment since ancient times. Many diverse limonoids have been isolated from Meliaceae plants, but it remains difficult to isolate and identify other limonoids because of their small natural concentrations.

Analysis of biochemical pathways typically involves feeding a labelled precursor to an organism, and then monitoring the metabolic fate of the label. Initial studies used radioisotopes as a label and then monitored radioactivity in the metabolic products. As analytical equipment improved and became more widely available, preference shifted the use stable ‘heavy’ isotopes like deuterium (2H)‐, carbon‐13

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are plant phytochemicals that have both defensive properties in plants and therapeutic effects in humans. The presence of BXs has been largely studied in the Poaceae family (monocots). To study the presence or absence of BXs in dicotyledons and monocotyledons outside the Poaceae family, parts of 24 plant species at several growth stages were selected for analysis, some of which

Lagenaria siceraria, is a popular food plant among Indians, contains a large number of phenolic compounds with several medicinal benefits, mentioned in Indian System of Medicine (ISM).

Mass spectrometry in natural products research has been used as a first step to identify possible chemical structures and to guide subsequent efforts to isolate novel compounds. Preparations of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (AA) are known for their high content of saponins, especially dammarane‐type triterpenoid aglycones. In the Amazon, where it is known as “saracura‐mirá”, roots and bark are widely

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement of 1JCC coupling by two‐dimensional (2D) INADEQUATE (incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment), which is a special case of double‐quantum (DQ) spectroscopy that offers unambiguous determination of 13C–13C spin–spin connectivities through the DQ transitions of the spin system, is especially suited to solving structures rich in quaternary

Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous compounds found in all plants as their secondary metabolites. Phenols are becoming increasingly important particularly because of their beneficial effects on health.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PCTs) are secondary plant metabolites. They are of exceptional interest as biologically active substances and raw materials for a wide range of medications. Thus, the development of a methodology for rapid screening of PCTs in plant biomass is an important task.

Dragendorff's reagent has low sensitivity and non‐specificity for some alkaloids. A new alkaloid derivatisation reagent has been developed and optimised by using a Box–Behnken design method. This new reagent is applicable for structurally diverse natural alkaloids, and is proposed as a universal alkaloid staining reagent.

No abstract is available for this article.

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. is a plant with several important medicinal properties that have long been used in traditional therapy to treat some diseases.

Radix Saposhnikoviae is an excellent source of chromones, the consumption of which has been shown to positively affect human health, such as anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vivo, and it also has been used to treat headache, inflammation, and cancer as a herbal medicine or functional soup.

The diversity and complexity of components are important reasons for the unstable efficacy and safety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in quality control. The good and stable quality control may be related to the quality markers with structural composition of multi‐components.

Achyrocline satureioides (marcela or macela) is a plant widely used in folk medicine in South America. Recently, there has been increasing interest for the development of skin care products containing A. satureoides extracts, due to its well‐documented antioxidant, antiherpetic, and wound healing properties.

Caragana jubata Poir (CJ) and Caragana changduensis Liou f. (CC) are the two main original plants of Lignum Caraganae (LIC, a clinically effective Tibetan materia medica) and the red heartwoods of CJ and CC have been used for the treatment of polycythemia, hypertension and menstrual disorders.

Role of highly informative high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) methods in quality control is increasing. Complex herbal products and formulations can simultaneously contain extracts from different plants. Therefore, due to the leads to lack of commercial standards it is important to develop novel approaches for comprehensive treatment of big datasets.

Synthetic colourants are subject to various allergies. As a result, the use of plant‐based additives has proved promising.

Kwakhurin (Kwa) is one of the unique isoflavonoids produced in Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (P. candollei), which has long been used as folk medicine for rejuvenation in Thailand. Recently, the use of P. candollei‐derived products has widely spread among Japanese women for cosmetic purposes. Correspondingly, there has been an increase in the number of reports regarding possible health hazards caused

Emerging network pharmacology (NP) combines phytochemical information with bioinformatics tools allowing herbal formulae to be illustrated holistically in the context of phytochemical basis and therapeutic mechanisms.

The analysis and detection of steroidal saponins is mainly performed using chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. However, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a potential tool that can be combined with these techniques to obtain unambiguous structural characterisation.

Typhae pollen (TP) has been used as an anticoagulant in traditional Chinese medicine and throughout Asia. Typhae Pollen Carbonisata (TPC), a processed product of TP, has hemostatic properties. TPC is produced by frying TP, and the degree of processing can be judged by the colour change from yellow to brown.

No abstract is available for this article.

Arbutin is a phenol glucoside found in high concentrations in bearberry leaves and associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. Hydroquinone can also be found in leaves or be formed by degradation of arbutin. Lengthy exposure to free hydroquinone is associated with induction of toxicity in different organs.