Flavonoids are the most important and effective constituents in the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., which have been known to show antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and anticoagulant activities. However, efficient extraction and separation methods for these flavonoids are not currently established.

Chromones are the major constituents of agarwood and are considered to be directly related to its quality. Agarotetrol, a chromone derivative, is a Chinese Pharmacopoeia content detection index. However, comprehensive high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker (QAMS), and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS)

Astragali radix (AR), the root of Astragalus, is an important medical herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive components include isoflavones and a unique class of triterpenoid saponins (named astragalosides).

Literature data concerning the electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) behaviour of flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides are poor and sometimes disputable. Therefore, we decided to analyse the compounds of this kind present in the bark of Prunus cerasus and Prunus avium by using high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC/ESI‐MS.

The root of the Ononis species has been used internally and externally in ethnomedicine for centuries and contains biologically valuable isoflavonoid compounds. Therefore, it is important to obtain quantitative information about the isoflavonoid profile of these plants.

Propolis is widely used in folk medicine, and many factors can affect its chemical composition, including abiotic factors that can influence plants and bees. Therefore, analytical methods are powerful techniques in the quality control of such products.

Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. (Papaveraceae family) is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat muscle pain, inflamed wounds, and bee bites. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids are the main active ingredients in M. cordata. In this work, sanguinarine and chelerythrine were efficiently extracted and purified by ultrahigh‐pressure extraction (UHPE) technique and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current

Organic molecules that interact with the cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, which can be endogenous, natural or synthetic compounds. They possess similar pharmacological properties as produced by the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Before cannabinoids can be analysed, they need to be extracted from the matrices.

The formula of Chinese medicine, Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan (DZXW), has the distinct feature of compatibility therapy, which is attributed to the interactions of multi‐herbs. However, the quantification problem caused by the absence of pure reference standards is a bottleneck to clarify the compatibility advantages from the perspective of pharmacokinetics (PKs).

Medicago sativa contains flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, sterols, monoterpenes, and organic acids, with flavonoids being the main active constituents. Flavonoids naturally contain a 2‐phenylchromone structure with antioxidant, free radical scavenging, cardiovascular, and trace estrogen‐like effects.

Gloriosa superba L. is a promising antitumoural plant species as a source of colchicinoids. Ethnobotanical applications of G. superba are associated with different plant parts such as leaves, seeds, fruits, tuber and the whole plant.

Consumption of fava beans seeds can be harmful to both humans and animals due to the presence of pyrimidine glucosides: vicine and convicine. Therefore, seeds, feed supplements, and protein extracts derived from fava beans should be monitored for the contents of pyrimidine derivatives.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among the various types of cancer. Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey). is a popular anti‐cancer herbal supplement. The quality control of ginseng is crucial to ensure its clinical efficacy. This study aimed to establish new quality control methods for ginseng and to identify its main active components responsible for lung cancer treatment.

The minor phenolic constituents of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. are unknown and one dimensional (1D) liquid chromatography (LC) is unable to provide sufficient separation.

The aim of this study was to develop artificial neural network (ANNs) models for prediction of physical (total dissolved solids, extraction yield) and chemical (total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity) properties of industrial hemp extracts, prepared by two different extraction methods (solid‐liquid extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction) based on combined UV‐VIS‐NIR spectra. Spectral

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a frequently used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) and salvianolic acid B (Sal Acid B) are two major extracts obtained from its dried root. The quality of herbal ingredients can be affected by environmental factors.

Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine for roundworm treatment since ancient times. Many diverse limonoids have been isolated from Meliaceae plants, but it remains difficult to isolate and identify other limonoids because of their small natural concentrations.

Analysis of biochemical pathways typically involves feeding a labelled precursor to an organism, and then monitoring the metabolic fate of the label. Initial studies used radioisotopes as a label and then monitored radioactivity in the metabolic products. As analytical equipment improved and became more widely available, preference shifted the use stable ‘heavy’ isotopes like deuterium (2H)‐, carbon‐13

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are plant phytochemicals that have both defensive properties in plants and therapeutic effects in humans. The presence of BXs has been largely studied in the Poaceae family (monocots). To study the presence or absence of BXs in dicotyledons and monocotyledons outside the Poaceae family, parts of 24 plant species at several growth stages were selected for analysis, some of which

Lagenaria siceraria, is a popular food plant among Indians, contains a large number of phenolic compounds with several medicinal benefits, mentioned in Indian System of Medicine (ISM).

Mass spectrometry in natural products research has been used as a first step to identify possible chemical structures and to guide subsequent efforts to isolate novel compounds. Preparations of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (AA) are known for their high content of saponins, especially dammarane‐type triterpenoid aglycones. In the Amazon, where it is known as “saracura‐mirá”, roots and bark are widely

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement of 1JCC coupling by two‐dimensional (2D) INADEQUATE (incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment), which is a special case of double‐quantum (DQ) spectroscopy that offers unambiguous determination of 13C–13C spin–spin connectivities through the DQ transitions of the spin system, is especially suited to solving structures rich in quaternary

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. is a plant with several important medicinal properties that have long been used in traditional therapy to treat some diseases.

Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous compounds found in all plants as their secondary metabolites. Phenols are becoming increasingly important particularly because of their beneficial effects on health.

Radix Saposhnikoviae is an excellent source of chromones, the consumption of which has been shown to positively affect human health, such as anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vivo, and it also has been used to treat headache, inflammation, and cancer as a herbal medicine or functional soup.

The diversity and complexity of components are important reasons for the unstable efficacy and safety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in quality control. The good and stable quality control may be related to the quality markers with structural composition of multi‐components.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PCTs) are secondary plant metabolites. They are of exceptional interest as biologically active substances and raw materials for a wide range of medications. Thus, the development of a methodology for rapid screening of PCTs in plant biomass is an important task.

Caragana jubata Poir (CJ) and Caragana changduensis Liou f. (CC) are the two main original plants of Lignum Caraganae (LIC, a clinically effective Tibetan materia medica) and the red heartwoods of CJ and CC have been used for the treatment of polycythemia, hypertension and menstrual disorders.

Achyrocline satureioides (marcela or macela) is a plant widely used in folk medicine in South America. Recently, there has been increasing interest for the development of skin care products containing A. satureoides extracts, due to its well‐documented antioxidant, antiherpetic, and wound healing properties.

Dragendorff's reagent has low sensitivity and non‐specificity for some alkaloids. A new alkaloid derivatisation reagent has been developed and optimised by using a Box–Behnken design method. This new reagent is applicable for structurally diverse natural alkaloids, and is proposed as a universal alkaloid staining reagent.

Role of highly informative high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) methods in quality control is increasing. Complex herbal products and formulations can simultaneously contain extracts from different plants. Therefore, due to the leads to lack of commercial standards it is important to develop novel approaches for comprehensive treatment of big datasets.

Synthetic colourants are subject to various allergies. As a result, the use of plant‐based additives has proved promising.

Kwakhurin (Kwa) is one of the unique isoflavonoids produced in Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (P. candollei), which has long been used as folk medicine for rejuvenation in Thailand. Recently, the use of P. candollei‐derived products has widely spread among Japanese women for cosmetic purposes. Correspondingly, there has been an increase in the number of reports regarding possible health hazards caused

No abstract is available for this article.

Emerging network pharmacology (NP) combines phytochemical information with bioinformatics tools allowing herbal formulae to be illustrated holistically in the context of phytochemical basis and therapeutic mechanisms.

The analysis and detection of steroidal saponins is mainly performed using chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. However, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a potential tool that can be combined with these techniques to obtain unambiguous structural characterisation.

Typhae pollen (TP) has been used as an anticoagulant in traditional Chinese medicine and throughout Asia. Typhae Pollen Carbonisata (TPC), a processed product of TP, has hemostatic properties. TPC is produced by frying TP, and the degree of processing can be judged by the colour change from yellow to brown.

No abstract is available for this article.

Arbutin is a phenol glucoside found in high concentrations in bearberry leaves and associated with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. Hydroquinone can also be found in leaves or be formed by degradation of arbutin. Lengthy exposure to free hydroquinone is associated with induction of toxicity in different organs.

Angiogenesis is closely related to a variety of diseases, and therapies based on angiogenesis are intensely investigated. Studies have shown that the use of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR, Gastrodia elata) can benefit the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis by stimulating angiogenesis.

Jian‐Pi‐Yi‐Shen pill (JPYSP) is a Chinese medicine formula developed for the treatment of anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Rumex (Polygonaceae) species are widely grown worldwide and their main compounds are anthranoids, tannins, naphthalenes and flavonoids. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes that cause the breakdown of the extracellular matrix and harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays are two important causes of skin ageing. Although there have been many studies on anthraquinones, there are not many studies on their anti‐ageing

Trillium govanianum (Nag Chhatri and Teen Patra) is traditionally used for curing joint pains, wounds, and sexual disorders. Steroidal saponins are the main active components of this species. However, only a small amount of information is available about steroidal saponins of this plant.

American cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) contain primarily A‐type proanthocyanidins (PACs), which have been shown to prevent urinary tract infection. Currently, the accurate quantification of cranberry PACs is still lacking.

Crotalaria spectabilis is an important species used as a pre‐plant cover for soybean crops to control the proliferation of endoparasitic nematodes. Species from the Crotalaria genus are known for presenting pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in their composition, however, C. spectabilis is still considered chemically under‐explored.

Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an economically important species of honeysuckle belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family. All aerial parts of L. japonica (leaf, flower bud, flower, and caulis) are used as herbal remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. The application of plant metabolomics to the study of L. japonica provides the potential for identifying the phytochemical composition and useful chemical

Agarwood is a highly valuable fragrant resinous wood which is widely used as traditional Chinese medicines, perfumes, incense and decorations. Due to its high economic value and excessive demand, this leads to a rising price and proliferation of fake commodities. Thus, strict authenticity identification and quality evaluation of agarwood are of great significance.

Irises have been medicinally used in Ancient Egyptians, Anatolian, Chinese, British and Irish folk medicine. They are also well‐known ornamental plants that have economic value in the perfume industry. The main obvious diagnostic difference between the different species is based on the morphology of the flowers. The flowering cycle is very short as well as the persistence of the fully opened flowers

We sought to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the detection and quantification of IDP and DMADP as well as their monophosphate derivatives in crude plant extracts.

In situ analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants is an important challenge in chemical ecology. The traditional approach usually consists in trapping compounds using dynamic headspace extraction (DHS) in‐field, followed by gas chromatography analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS and/or GC‐FID) in the laboratory.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis can provide tools to help detect differences in plant chemistry when grown under varying conditions. Hypericum perforatum, or Saint John's wort, plants are a suitable model to explore methods of discrimination between early stage plants grown in different conditions.

The main concern regarding the authenticity and quality of Rhodiola rosea L. (Sedum rosea (L.) Scop.) products is their adulteration with other Rhodiola species.

Vinca alkaloids are important sources for producing anticancer drugs from Catharanthus roseus. The phosphorus of soil is one of crucial factors for planting C. roseus.

Lauraceae alkaloids are a structurally diverse class of plant specialised secondary metabolites that play an important role in modern pharmacotherapy, being useful as well as model compounds for the development of synthetic analogues. However, alkaloids characterisation is challenging due to low concentrations, the complexity of plant extracts, and long processes for accurate structural determinations

The analysis of plant and herbal samples is a challenging task for analytical chemists due to the complexity of the matrix combined with the low concentration of analytes. In recent years different liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) techniques coupled with a variety of analytical equipment have been developed for the determination of both organic and inorganic analytes.

The phytochemical composition of plant material governs the bioactivity and potential health benefits as well as the outcomes and reproducibility of laboratory studies and clinical trials.

No abstract is available for this article.

Proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based analytical method for the quantification of capsaicin (major pungent principle of chili) has certain advantages including short data acquisition time and better structural authentication. Earlier NMR methods are associated with either of the bottlenecks such as low or lack of information on the sensitivity and scope for the quantification

Kinsenoside is a characteristic component of Anoectochilus roxburghii and accounts for this herb's medicinal and edible values. No international certified standard method is available for kinsenoside analysis as well as extraction and preservation.