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The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Lisa H. Apken; Andrea Oeckinghaus
The RAL proteins RALA and RALB belong to the superfamily of small RAS-like GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases). RAL GTPases function as molecular switches in cells by cycling through GDP- and GTP-bound states, a process which is regulated by several guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and two heterodimeric GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). Since their discovery in the 1980s, RALA and RALB have been established
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Actin dynamics during tumor cell dissemination Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Chandrani Mondal; Julie S. Di Martino; Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic network that regulates cellular behavior from development to disease. By rearranging the actin cytoskeleton, cells are capable of migrating and invading during developmental processes; however, many of these cellular properties are hijacked by cancer cells to escape primary tumors and disseminate to distant organs in the body. In this review article, we highlight
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Recent advancements in role of TAM receptors on efferocytosis, viral infection, autoimmunity, and tissue repair Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 Annika Ranta; Sushil Kumar
Evolutionarily conserved highly regulated process of apoptosis has been a major physiological process throughout the entire evolutionary history of living beings that has impacted the process of evolution itself. One of the key features of this highly researched field of science is the process of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization by the different membrane bound enzymes. The process is a result
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TAM receptors and their ligand-mediated activation: Role in atherosclerosis Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Bishuang Cai; Canan Kasikara
TAM family tyrosine kinase receptors including Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK are the key efferocytosis receptors presenting on antigen-presenting cell that mediate the clearance of apoptotic cells. They are thought to regulate inflammatory diseases by modulating inflammatory response and efferocytosis. Recent studies have revealed novel roles of TAM receptors in the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving
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Post-translational modifications of the ligands: Requirement for TAM receptor activation Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Ke Geng
The Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK (TAM) receptors are three homologous Type I Receptor Tyrosine Kinases that have important homeostatic functions in multicellular organisms by regulating the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). Pathologically, TAM receptors are overexpressed in a wide array of human cancers, and often associated with aggressive tumor grade and poor overall survival. In addition to
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Immunological role of TAM receptors in the cancer microenvironment Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Varsha Gadiyar; Gopi Patel; Viralkumar Davra
TAM receptors belong to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising of Tyro3, Axl and Mertk receptors (TAMs) and are important homeostatic regulators of inflammation in higher eukaryotes. Along with their ligands, Gas6 and ProteinS, TAMs acts as receptors to phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), an anionic phospholipid that becomes externalized on the surface of apoptotic and stressed cells. TAM receptors
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TAM receptors: A phosphatidylserine receptor family and its implications in viral infections Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Sounak Ghosh Roy
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid that is usually localized in the inner leaflets of the plasma membrane. However, the enzyme scramblase catalyzes the externalization of PS on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during apoptosis or cellular stress. This event prompts the recognition of PS displaying cells by phagocytes leading to “apoptotic clearance.” Multiple PS receptors (PSRs)
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Autophagic cell death in viral infection: Do TAM receptors play a role? Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Emmanuel Datan; Shaima Salman
Containment and clearance of invading pathogens, such as viruses, by suppression of viral replication through antiviral mechanisms (e.g. CRISPR, interferon response or programmed cell death) provide examples of evolutionary developed responses by hosts to limit the establishment of infection. Degradation of the cytoplasm en masse provides an ideal cellular response against intruding pathogens. Degradation
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The tight junction and the epithelial barrier in coeliac disease Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
Epithelial barriers are essential to maintain multicellular organisms well compartmentalized and protected from external environment. In the intestine, the epithelial layer orchestrates a dynamic balance between nutrient absorption and prevention of microorganisms, and antigen intrusion. Intestinal barrier function has been shown to be altered in coeliac disease but whether it contributes to the pathogenesis
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Celiac disease susceptibility: The genome and beyond Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Iraia García-Santisteban; Irati Romero-Garmendia; Ariadna Cilleros-Portet; Jose Ramon Bilbao; Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
Celiac Disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated complex disease that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten and develops in genetically susceptible individuals. It has been known for a long time that the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules DQ2 and DQ8 are necessary, although not sufficient, for the disease development, and therefore other susceptibility genes and (epi)genetic events must participate
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Involvement of lncRNAs in celiac disease pathogenesis Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia; Maialen Sebastian-delaCruz; Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon gluten exposure. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) have been described to represent the 40% of the genetic risk to develop CD. Aiming to gain understanding of the genetic involvement in CD, high throughput studies have been performed, revealing
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The HLA complex and coeliac disease Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Laura Espino; Concepción Núñez
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) has a crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of coeliac disease (CD). The genes HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, both lying in this region and encoding the HLA-DQ heterodimer, are the main genetic predisposing factors to CD. Approximately 90% of CD patients carry the heterodimer HLA-DQ2.5, leaving only a small proportion of patients with lower risk heterodimers (HLA-DQ8
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The gliadin p31–43 peptide: Inducer of multiple proinflammatory effects Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Fernando Gabriel Chirdo; Salvatore Auricchio; Riccardo Troncone; Maria Vittoria Barone
Coeliac disease (CD) is the prototype of an inflammatory chronic disease induced by food. In this context, gliadin p31–43 peptide comes into the spotlight as an important player of the inflammatory/innate immune response to gliadin in CD. The p31–43 peptide is part of the p31–55 peptide from α-gliadins that remains undigested for a long time, and can be present in the small intestine after ingestion
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The many-sided contributions of NF-κB to T-cell biology in health and disease Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Allison Voisin; Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
T cells (or T lymphocytes) exhibit a myriad of functions in immune responses, ranging from pathogen clearance to autoimmunity, cancer and even non-lymphoid tissue homeostasis. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms orchestrating their specification, function and gene expression pattern is critical not only for our comprehension of fundamental biology, but also for the discovery of novel therapeutic
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Human intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets in coeliac disease Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Eduardo Arranz; Ángel De Prado; Aida Fiz-López; Elisa Arribas; José A. Garrote; David Bernardo
Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mϕ) constitute the most abundant antigen presenting cells in the human intestinal mucosa. In resting conditions, they are essential to maintain the mechanisms of immune tolerance toward food antigens and commensals, at the time that they keep the capacity to initiate and maintain antigen-specific pro-inflammatory immune responses toward invading pathogens. Nevertheless
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Epithelial cell dysfunction in coeliac disease Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Celia Escudero-Hernández
The intestinal epithelium limits host-luminal interactions and maintains gut homeostasis. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier and villous atrophy are hallmarks of coeliac disease. Besides the well characterized immune-mediated epithelial damage induced in coeliac mucosa, constitutional changes and early gluten direct effects disturb intestinal epithelial cells. The subsequent modifications in key epithelial
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Force balancing ACT-IN the tumor microenvironment: Cytoskeletal modifications in cancer and stromal cells to promote malignancy Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Michelle R. Dawson; Botai Xuan; Jeffrey Hsu; Deepraj Ghosh
The tumor microenvironment is a complex milieu that dictates the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Both cancer and stromal cells in the tumor tissue encounter and adapt to a variety of extracellular factors, and subsequently contribute and drive the progression of the disease to more advanced stages. As the disease progresses, a small population of cancer cells becomes more invasive
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Novel facets of glioma invasion Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 Carina Fabian; Mingzhi Han; Rolf Bjerkvig; Simone P. Niclou
Malignant gliomas including Glioblastoma (GBM) are characterized by extensive diffuse tumor cell infiltration throughout the brain, which represents a major challenge in clinical disease management. While surgical resection is beneficial for patient outcome, it is well recognized that tumor cells at the invasive front or beyond stay behind and constitute a major source of tumor recurrence. Invasive
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Two sides of the coin: Cytoskeletal regulation of immune synapses in cancer and primary immune deficiencies Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Mezida B. Saeed; Julien Record; Lisa S. Westerberg
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling facilitates and fine-tunes diverse cellular processes. Cells have evolved to use the same building blocks of actin monomers to form filaments through the sequential and synchronous use of actin filament regulators. This is best illustrated in immune cells which rely on a highly dynamic cytoskeleton to patrol the body and recognize and respond to cancer cells. Here, we
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Actin remodeling and vesicular trafficking at the tumor cell side of the immunological synapse direct evasion from cytotoxic lymphocytes Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Andrea Michela Biolato; Liza Filali; Hannah Wurzer; Céline Hoffmann; Ernesto Gargiulo; Salvatore Valitutti; Clément Thomas
The immune system protects the body against cancer by recognizing and eliminating neoplastic cells. Immune effector cells physically interact with cancer cells through a specialized membrane interface known as the immunological synapse. Such intimate interaction is necessary for immune cell activation and directional killing of target cells. A vast array of studies has established that actin cytoskeleton
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Paxillin family of focal adhesion adaptor proteins and regulation of cancer cell invasion. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Kyle M Alpha,Weiyi Xu,Christopher E Turner
The paxillin family of proteins, including paxillin, Hic-5, and leupaxin, are focal adhesion adaptor/scaffolding proteins which localize to cell-matrix adhesions and are important in cell adhesion and migration of both normal and cancer cells. Historically, the role of these proteins in regulating the actin cytoskeleton through focal adhesion-mediated signaling has been well documented. However, studies
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The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-04 Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger,Raquel A C Machado
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered
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Profilin choreographs actin and microtubules in cells and cancer. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Morgan L Pimm,Jessica Hotaling,Jessica L Henty-Ridilla
Actin and microtubules play essential roles in aberrant cell processes that define and converge in cancer including: signaling, morphology, motility, and division. Actin and microtubules do not directly interact, however shared regulators coordinate these polymers. While many of the individual proteins important for regulating and choreographing actin and microtubule behaviors have been identified
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Actin cytoskeleton in mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition of cancer cells Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Antonina Y. Alexandrova; Aleksandra S. Chikina; Tatyana M. Svitkina
During development of metastasis, tumor cells migrate through different tissues and encounter different extracellular matrices. An ability of cells to adapt mechanisms of their migration to these diverse environmental conditions, called migration plasticity, gives tumor cells an advantage over normal cells for long distant dissemination. Different modes of individual cell motility—mesenchymal and amoeboid—are
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Myosins: Driving us towards novel targets and biomarkers in cancer Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Eric Koncina; Elisabeth Letellier
The view that myosins, which are actin based molecular motors, are only driving muscle contraction evolved a lot during the last decades. Nowadays, it is known that they reshape the actin skeleton, anchor or transport vesicles, organelles as well as protein complexes. Here, we review how their role in cell division, polarization, migration and death is related to the cancer phenotype. We will further
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The microenvironment and cytoskeletal remodeling in tumor cell invasion Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-04 Shohreh Azadi; Mohammad Tafazzoli Shadpour
The physical cues of tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute greatly to the initiation and progression of cancer. Tumor tissues usually become stiffer than healthy tissues with more aligned fibers and changed porosity. In recent years, numerous studies attempted to investigate whether biophysical cues from the surrounding environment affect the biophysical, biochemical, and biological behavior of cells
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Actin regulators in cancer progression and metastases: From structure and function to cytoskeletal dynamics Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-07-04 G. Biber; A. Ben-Shmuel; B. Sabag; M. Barda-Saad
The cytoskeleton is a central factor contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating the involvement of actin regulatory proteins in malignancy, and their dysregulation was shown to predict poor clinical prognosis. Although enhanced cytoskeletal activity is often associated with cancer progression, the expression of several inducers of
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Mechanics of actin filaments in cancer onset and progress. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour,Ehsan Mohammadi,Elham Torkashvand
Cancer, as a major cause of mortality, is highly related to alterations in the structure and behavior of cells of cancerous tissues. The invasive nature of cancer cells is correlated with their increased traction force, high deformability and altered cell adhesion. These changes are directly attributed to the remodeling of cell cytoskeleton mostly in actin structure. While microtubules and intermediate
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Nuclear actin and myosin in chromatin regulation and maintenance of genome integrity. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 Tomas Venit,S Raza Mahmood,Martin Endara-Coll,Piergiorgio Percipalle
Cytoskeletal proteins are beginning to be considered as key regulators of nuclear function. Among them, actin and myosin have been implicated in numerous tasks, including chromatin regulation, transcription and assembly of nascent ribonucleoprotein complexes. We also know from work performed by several labs that influx of actin and myosin into the nucleus and out of the nucleus is tightly regulated
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Nuclear actin in cancer biology. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Stefan Zahler
The presence of actin in the nucleus has been a matter of debate for many years. In recent years many important roles of actin in the nucleus (transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, cell division, maintenance of nuclear architecture) have been identified, and the precise control of nuclear actin levels has been demonstrated. The vital importance of the actin driven processes
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Bcl-2 family proteins, beyond the veil. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 Jason Andrew Glab,Zhipeng Cao,Hamsa Puthalakath
Apoptosis is an important part of both health and disease and is often regulated by the BCL-2 family of proteins. These proteins are either pro- or anti-apoptotic, existing in a delicate balance during homeostasis. They are best known for their role in regulating the activation of caspases and the execution of a cell in response to a variety of stimuli. However, it is often forgotten that these BCL-2
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Mcl-1 as a "barrier" in cancer treatment: Can we target it now? Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Nikolay V Pervushin,Viacheslav V Senichkin,Boris Zhivotovsky,Gelina S Kopeina
During the last two decades, the study of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, attracted researchers due to its important role in cancer cell survival and tumor development. The significance of Mcl-1 protein in resistance to chemotherapeutics makes it an attractive target in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the diverse possibilities for indirect Mcl-1 inhibition through its downregulation
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TRAIL receptor signaling: From the basics of canonical signal transduction toward its entanglement with ER stress and the unfolded protein response. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 Daniela Stöhr,Albert Jeltsch,Markus Rehm
The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the large TNF superfamily that can trigger apoptosis in transformed or infected cells by binding and activating two receptors, TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAILR1) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2). Compared to other death ligands of the same family, TRAIL induces apoptosis preferentially in malignant cells while sparing
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Type 3 IP3 receptors: The chameleon in cancer. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-11 Nicolas Rosa,Flore Sneyers,Jan B Parys,Geert Bultynck
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels, fulfill key functions in cell death and survival processes, whose dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis. This is essentially due to the presence of IP3Rs in microdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in close proximity to the mitochondria. As such, IP3Rs enable efficient Ca2+ transfers from the
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On the role of sphingolipids in cell survival and death. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Elisabetta Iessi,Matteo Marconi,Valeria Manganelli,Maurizio Sorice,Walter Malorni,Tina Garofalo,Paola Matarrese
Sphingolipids, universal components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to mammals, in addition of playing a structural role, also play an important part of signal transduction pathways. They participate or, also, ignite several fundamental subcellular signaling processes but, more in general, they directly contribute to key biological activities such as cell motility,
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A lipid perspective on regulated cell death. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2019-12-18 Hector Flores-Romero,Uris Ros,Ana J García-Sáez
Lipids are fundamental to life as structural components of cellular membranes and for signaling. They are also key regulators of different cellular processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. Regulated cell death (RCD) requires the engagement of lipids and lipid metabolism for the initiation and execution of its killing machinery. The permeabilization of lipid membranes is a hallmark
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Redox signaling in the pathogenesis of human disease and the regulatory role of autophagy. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Shazib Pervaiz,Gregory L Bellot,Antoinette Lemoine,Catherine Brenner
Aberrant cell death signaling and oxidative stress are implicated in myriad of human pathological states such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic and liver diseases, as well as drug-induced toxicities. While regulated cell death and mild oxidative stress are essential during normal tissue homeostasis, deregulated signaling can trigger massive depletion in a particular cell type and/or damage
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Cell death in the avian brain with emphasis on the development and plasticity of the song control system. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Tracy A Larson
Programmed cell death is a fundamental feature of brain development, homeostasis, and adult plasticity. One model system, in which the role of cell death in establishment, maintenance and plasticity of neural tissues is evident throughout both early development and in the adult, is the neural circuitry underlying the learning and production of singing behavior in songbirds. The dramatic sexual dimorphism
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Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 W Douglas Fairlie,Sharon Tran,Erinna F Lee
The fate of a cell is determined by multiple signaling pathways in response to a range of stimuli. Probably the most prominent cell death mechanism is apoptosis which can be triggered by both internal stresses, as well as extracellular stimuli, and is executed by two well-characterized pathways, the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Although autophagy can also lead to cell death under
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The interplay of autophagy and non-apoptotic cell death pathways. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 Dannah R Miller,Scott D Cramer,Andrew Thorburn
Autophagy, the process of macromolecular degradation through the lysosome, has been extensively studied for the past decade or two. Autophagy can regulate cell death, especially apoptosis, through selective degradation of both positive and negative apoptosis regulators. However, multiple other programmed cell death pathways exist. As knowledge of these other types of cell death expand, it has been
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Transcriptional and epigenetic control of regulated cell death in yeast. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 Andreas Zimmermann,Jelena Tadic,Katharina Kainz,Sebastian J Hofer,Maria A Bauer,Didac Carmona-Gutierrez,Frank Madeo
Unicellular organisms like yeast can undergo controlled demise in a manner that is partly reminiscent of mammalian cell death. This is true at the levels of both mechanistic and functional conservation. Yeast offers the combination of unparalleled genetic amenability and a comparatively simple biology to understand both the regulation and evolution of cell death. In this minireview, we address the
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The mechanisms and cell signaling pathways of programmed cell death in the bacterial world. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 Robert P Smith,Ivana Barraza,Rebecca J Quinn,Marla C Fortoul
While programmed cell death was once thought to be exclusive to eukaryotic cells, there are now abundant examples of well regulated cell death mechanisms in bacteria. The mechanisms by which bacteria undergo programmed cell death are diverse, and range from the use of toxin-antitoxin systems, to prophage-driven cell lysis. Moreover, some bacteria have learned how to coopt programmed cell death systems
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The biology of vascular calcification. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 Quaglino Daniela,Boraldi Federica,Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and
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Evolutionary insights into the aphid genome: Aphid genomics between quality problems and intriguing perspectives. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 Mauro Mandrioli,Gian Carlo Manicardi
In the last decade the genomes of several aphid species have been sequenced allowing a better understanding of their biology and evolution. Unfortunately, as frequently occurs with the next generation sequencing technologies, several aphid genomes consist in fragmented assemblies that contain thousands of genomic scaffolds of reduced length. In order to improve the quality of the published genomic
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Stratifying nutritional restriction in cancer therapy: Next stop, personalized medicine. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 Jelena Krstic,Thomas R Pieber,Andreas Prokesch
Dietary interventions combined with cancer drugs represent a clinically valid polytherapy. In particular nutrient restriction (NR) in the form of varied fasting or caloric restriction regimens holds great clinical promise, conceptually due to the voracious anabolic appetite of cancer cells. This metabolic dependency is driven by a strong selective pressure to increasingly acquire biomass of a proliferating
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 Alejandra Wu Chuang,Oliver Kepp,Guido Kroemer,Lucillia Bezu
Several pathological and inflammatory disorders induce a cytoprotective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that aims at reestablishing tissue homeostasis, yet can also ignite lethal signaling pathways leading to apoptotic cell death when ER stress endures. Cells that undergo episodes of ER stress in response to pathological malfunction or cytotoxic agents can expose and release immunomodulatory damaged-associated
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Emerging roles of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the nervous system: A link with adaptive behavior to environmental stress? Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Mei-Li Díaz-Hung,Gabriela Martínez,Claudio Hetz
Stressors elicit a neuroendocrine response leading to increased levels of glucocorticoids, allowing the organism to adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. Glucocorticoids have a broad effect in the body, modifying the activity of the immune system, metabolism, and behavior through the activation of receptors in the limbic system. Chronic exposition to stressors operates as a risk
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Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 Jenny Sprooten,Abhishek D Garg
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling
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The role of mitochondria-associated membranes in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2019-12-03 Mariasole Perrone,Natascia Caroccia,Ilaria Genovese,Sonia Missiroli,Lorenzo Modesti,Gaia Pedriali,Bianca Vezzani,Veronica Angela Maria Vitto,Michele Antenori,Magdalena Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska,Mariusz R Wieckowski,Carlotta Giorgi,Paolo Pinton
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are fundamental in the control of cell physiology regulating several signal transduction pathways. They continuously communicate exchanging messages in their contact sites called MAMs (mitochondria-associated membranes). MAMs are specific microdomains acting as a platform for the sorting of vital and dangerous signals. In recent years increasing evidence
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium signaling in muscle cells: Homeostasis and disease. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 Roberto Bravo-Sagua,Valentina Parra,Felipe Muñoz-Cordova,Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera,Valeria Garrido,Ariel Contreras-Ferrat,Mario Chiong,Sergio Lavandero
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive, dynamic and heterogeneous membranous network that fulfills multiple homeostatic functions. Among them, it compartmentalizes, stores and releases calcium within the intracellular space. In the case of muscle cells, calcium released from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum in the vicinity of the contractile machinery induces cell contraction. Furthermore,
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Endoplasmic reticulum in viral infection. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2019-11-08 Parikshit Bagchi
Virus exploits host cellular machinery to replicate and form new viral progeny and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays central role in the interplay between virus and host cell. Here I will discuss how cellular functions of ER being utilized by viruses from different families during different stages of pathogenesis. Flow of knowledge related to this area of research based on interdisciplinary approach
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Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Annadurai Thangaraj,Susmita Sil,Ashutosh Tripathi,Ernest T Chivero,Palsamy Periyasamy,Shilpa Buch
Neurological diseases are multifactorial, devastating diseases that are causative for various neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence points that accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, insoluble, and damaged proteins inside the CNS cells such as microglia, astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells, leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysregulated autophagy
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The biology of Lonp1: More than a mitochondrial protease. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-25 Lara Gibellini,Anna De Gaetano,Mauro Mandrioli,Elia Van Tongeren,Carlo Augusto Bortolotti,Andrea Cossarizza,Marcello Pinti
Initially discovered as a protease responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins, the mitochondrial Lon protease (Lonp1) turned out to be a multifaceted enzyme, that displays at least three different functions (proteolysis, chaperone activity, binding of mtDNA) and that finely regulates several cellular processes, within and without mitochondria. Indeed, LONP1 in humans is ubiquitously
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New emerging roles of Polycystin-2 in the regulation of autophagy. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-11 Daniel Peña-Oyarzun,Ana Batista-Gonzalez,Catalina Kretschmar,Paulina Burgos,Sergio Lavandero,Eugenia Morselli,Alfredo Criollo
Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a calcium channel that can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum, the plasmatic membrane, and the primary cilium. The structure of PC2 is characterized by a highly ordered C-terminal tail with an EF-motif (calcium-binding domain) and a canonical coiled-coil domain (CCD; interaction domain), and its activity is regulated by interacting partners and post-translational modifications
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Necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 Michelle Heib,Stefan Rose-John,Dieter Adam
Recently, an unexpected connection between necroptosis and members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protease family has been reported. Necroptosis represents an important cell death routine which helps to protect from viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, maintains adult T cell homeostasis and contributes to the elimination of potentially defective organisms before parturition
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Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis and relevance for neurodegenerative diseases. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Pedro A Dionísio,Joana D Amaral,Cecília M P Rodrigues
Necroptosis is a regulated cell death pathway morphologically similar to necrosis that depends on the kinase activity of receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and the subsequent activation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), being also generally dependent on RIP1 kinase activity. Necroptosis can be recruited during pathological conditions, usually following the activation
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Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Veronica Cocetta,Eugenio Ragazzi,Monica Montopoli
Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several solid tumors, despite the high toxicity and the frequent relapse of patients due to the onset of drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently one of the major problems in oncology. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is fundamental
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Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Hyejin Park,Tae-In Kam,Ted M Dawson,Valina L Dawson
Disruption of cellular functions with aging-induced accumulation of neuronal stressors causes cell death which is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models demonstrate that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is responsible for neuronal loss in neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's
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The involvement of regulated cell death forms in modulating the bacterial and viral pathogenesis. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Gergely Imre
Apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis represent three distinct types of regulated cell death forms, which play significant roles in response to viral and bacterial infections. Whereas apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, bleb formation and retained membrane integrity, necroptosis and pyroptosis exhibit osmotic imbalance driven cytoplasmic swelling and early membrane damage
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A connection in life and death: The BCL-2 family coordinates mitochondrial network dynamics and stem cell fate. Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol. (IF 4.934) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Megan L Rasmussen,Vivian Gama
The B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins control the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, also known as intrinsic apoptosis. Direct binding between members of the BCL-2 family regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) after an apoptotic insult. The ability of the cell to sense stress and translate it into a death signal has been a major theme of research for nearly three