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Influence of sex on sympathetic vasomotor outflow responses to passive leg raising in young individuals J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Keisho Katayama, Kana Shiozawa, Jordan B. Lee, Natsuki Seo, Haruna Kondo, Mitsuru Saito, Koji Ishida, Philip J. Millar, Ryoichi Banno, Shigehiko Ogoh
The purpose of this study was to clarify sex differences in the inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow which is caused by the loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. Ten young males and ten age-matched females participated. The participants underwent a passive leg raising (PLR) test wherein they were positioned supine (baseline, 0º), and their lower limbs were lifted passively at 10º, 20º, 30º
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Influence of age on nicotinic cholinergic regulation of blood flow in rat’s olfactory bulb and neocortex J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sae Uchida, Fusako Kagitani
The olfactory bulb receives cholinergic basal forebrain inputs as does the neocortex. With a focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), this review article provides an overview and discussion of the following findings: (1) the nAChRs-mediated regulation of regional blood flow in the neocortex and olfactory bulb, (2) the nAChR subtypes that mediate their responses, and (3) their activity in
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Alteration of serotonin release response in the central nucleus of the amygdala to noxious and non-noxious mechanical stimulation in a neuropathic pain model rat J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ryota Tokunaga, Hideshi Shibata, Mieko Kurosawa
Previously, we found that serotonin (5-HT) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of anesthetized rats decreases in response to innocuous stroking of the skin, irrespective of stimulus laterality, but increases in response to noxious pinching applied to a hindlimb contralateral to the 5-HT measurement site. The aim of the present study was to determine whether intra-CeA 5-HT release responses
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Action of GABAB receptor on local network oscillation in somatosensory cortex of oral part: focusing on NMDA receptor J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Hiroyuki Kanayama, Takashi Tominaga, Yoko Tominaga, Nobuo Kato, Hiroshi Yoshimura
The balance of activity between glutamatergic and GABAergic networks is particularly important for oscillatory neural activities in the brain. Here, we investigated the roles of GABAB receptors in network oscillation in the oral somatosensory cortex (OSC), focusing on NMDA receptors. Neural oscillation at the frequency of 8–10 Hz was elicited in rat brain slices after caffeine application. Oscillations
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Lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate remains a potential risk in brain function of middle-aged male mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ayane Ninomiya, Izuki Amano, Hiraku Suzuki, Yuki Fujiwara, Asahi Haijima, Noriyuki Koibuchi
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exerts adverse effects on neuronal development in young population. Limited evidences have shown that early-life PFOS exposure holds a potential risk for developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease later in life. The present study investigated the effects of lactational PFOS exposure on cognitive function using one-year-old mice. Dams
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Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Keisuke Ikegami
Intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in glaucoma development, involving the dynamics of aqueous humor (AH). AH flows in from the ciliary body and exits through the trabecular meshwork (TM). IOP follows a circadian rhythm synchronized with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker. The SCN resets peripheral clocks through sympathetic nerves or adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs)
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Mechanisms of the TGF-β1/Smad3-signaling pathway in gender differences in alcoholic liver fibrosis J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Xiaomin Hong, Sanqiang Li, Renli Luo, Mengli Yang, Junfei Wu, Shuning Chen, Siyu Zhu
The TGF-β1/Smad3-signaling pathway and gender differences were investigated in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Mice were divided into female normal, female model, male normal, and male model groups. Liver injury and fibrosis were assessed using histopathology and serology. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of relevant factors. HSC-T6 cells were divided into estradiol + saline, estradiol + ethanol
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Regulation of myocardial contraction as revealed by intracellular Ca2+ measurements using aequorin J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Satoshi Kurihara, Norio Fukuda
Of the ions involved in myocardial function, Ca2+ is the most important. Ca2+ is crucial to the process that allows myocardium to repeatedly contract and relax in a well-organized fashion; it is the process called excitation–contraction coupling. In order, therefore, for accurate comprehension of the physiology of the heart, it is fundamentally important to understand the detailed mechanism by which
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Satiety: a gut–brain–relationship J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Ghinwa M. Barakat, Wiam Ramadan, Ghaith Assi, Noura B. El Khoury
Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) emit satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which can then communicate with the vagus nerve to control food intake. More
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Strength training improves heart function, collagen and strength in rats with heart failure J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Leisiane G. Dias, Carlos H. O. Reis, Leonardo dos Santos, Walter Krause Neto, Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo, Julien S. Baker, André S. Leopoldo, Danilo S. Bocalini
Myocardial infarction (MI) frequently leads to cardiac remodeling and failure with impaired life quality, playing an important role in cardiovascular deaths. Although physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases, the effects of strength training (ST) on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac remodeling need to be further documented
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Thermal gradient ring for analysis of temperature-dependent behaviors involving TRP channels in mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Tomoyo Ujisawa, Jing Lei, Makiko Kashio, Makoto Tominaga
There are a lot of temperature-sensitive proteins including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Some TRP channels are temperature receptors having specific activation temperatures in vitro that are within the physiological temperature range. Mice deficient in specific TRP channels show abnormal thermal behaviors, but the role of TRP channels in these behaviors is not fully understood. The
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The role of GPR81–cAMP–PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Lin Li, Xiangdeng Lai, Yihan Ni, Siyu Chen, Yaqian Qu, Zhiqiang Hu, Jingquan Sun
The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of this phenomenon is yet to be achieved. Recent research indicates that lactate, a common byproduct of physical activity, may increase the accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle. This is achieved
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Impact of folic acid supplementation on ischemia‒reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rats: folic acid prophylactic role revisited J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Aya E. H. Hamed, Sherif Khedr, Elsayed Ghonamy, Faten A. Mahmoud, Mona A. Ahmed
Folic acid (FA), with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may offer protection against ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. This study investigated whether FA safeguards rat kidneys from IR by targeting high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a key inflammatory mediator. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, IR, IR + FA pretreatment, and FA alone. Compared
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Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine: a randomized controlled trial J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 F. Liebold, W. Adler, S. Jansen, J. P. Klussmann, M. Meyer, L. Nehrlich, J. Schmitz, A. Vingerhoets, L. M. Heindl, J. Hinkelbein
The digitization of aircraft cockpits places high demands on the colour vision of pilots. The present study investigates colour vision changes upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The digital Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test and the Waggoner D-15 were performed by 54 healthy volunteers in a decompression chamber. Respective altitude levels were sea level, 10,000 or 15,000 ft for exposure
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Circ_0114428 knockdown inhibits ROCK2 expression to assuage lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell injury through miR-574-5p J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Jing Zhao, Qin Zhao, Qiuxia Duan
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 40% of ALI, accompanied by alveolar epithelial injury. The study aimed to reveal the role of circular RNA_0114428 (circ_0114428) in sepsis-induced ALI. Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a sepsis-induced ALI cell model. RNA expression of circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and Rho-associated
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Neurochemical mechanism of muscular pain: Insight from the study on delayed onset muscle soreness J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Kazue Mizumura, Toru Taguchi
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle
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Physiology of the volume-sensitive/regulatory anion channel VSOR/VRAC. Part 1: from its discovery and phenotype characterization to the molecular entity identification J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Yasunobu Okada
The volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying or volume-regulated anion channel, VSOR/VRAC, which was discovered in 1988, is expressed in most vertebrate cell types and is essentially involved in cell volume regulation after swelling and in the induction of cell death. This series of review articles describes what is already known and what remains to be uncovered about the functional and molecular properties
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Age-, season- and gender-specific reference intervals of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for healthy children (0 ~ 18 years old) in Nanning area of China J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Dong-yi Zhou, Shang-mou Wei, Chun-ling Zhu, Yu-hong Wei, Xiao-mei Wang, Li-ling Yi, Si-tao Yang, Qi-liu Peng
Establishing specific reference intervals (RIs) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] for children is essential for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of diseases such as rickets and growth retardation. The study including 6,627 healthy children was conducted to establish specific RIs of 25(OH)D for children in Nanning area of China. The results showed that there were statistically
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Identification of three distinct cell populations for urate excretion in human kidneys J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Yoshihiko M. Sakaguchi, Pattama Wiriyasermkul, Masaya Matsubayashi, Masaki Miyasaka, Nau Sakaguchi, Yoshiki Sahara, Minoru Takasato, Kaoru Kinugawa, Kazuma Sugie, Masahiro Eriguchi, Kazuhiko Tsuruya, Hiroki Kuniyasu, Shushi Nagamori, Eiichiro Mori
In humans, uric acid is an end-product of purine metabolism. Urate excretion from the human kidney is tightly regulated by reabsorption and secretion. At least eleven genes have been identified as human renal urate transporters. However, it remains unclear whether all renal tubular cells express the same set of urate transporters. Here, we show renal tubular cells are divided into three distinct cell
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Preoptic and hypothalamic regulation of multi-tiered, chronologically arranged female rat sexual behavior J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Yasuo Sakuma
As in many mammalian behaviors, sexual behavior exhibits structure. Each modular components of the structure, that are linked together over time, occur in probabilistic manner. Endocrine milieu, in particular sex hormones, define the probability to synchronize the behavior with the production of gametes. Developmental experience and environmental cues affect the hormonal milieu of the brain. This is
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Activation of neurons in the insular cortex and lateral hypothalamus during food anticipatory period caused by food restriction in mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Jihao Ma, Sakurako Yanase, Lisa Udagawa, Tomoyuki Kuwaki, Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
Mice fed a single meal daily at a fixed time display food anticipatory activity (FAA). It has been reported that the insular cortex (IC) plays an essential role in food anticipation, and lateral hypothalamus (LH) regulates the expression of FAA. However, how these areas contribute to FAA production is still unclear. Thus, we examined the temporal and spatial activation pattern of neurons in the IC
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Heterosynaptic plasticity-induced modulation of synapses J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami, Alireza Komaki, Masoumeh Gholami, Seyed Hossein Marashi, Sara Hejazi
Plasticity is a common feature of synapses that is stated in different ways and occurs through several mechanisms. The regular action of the brain needs to be balanced in several neuronal and synaptic features, one of which is synaptic plasticity. The different homeostatic processes, including the balance between excitation/inhibition or homeostasis of synaptic weights at the single-neuron level, may
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High-intensity interval training alleviates exhaustive exercise-induced HSP70-assisted selective autophagy in skeletal muscle J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Jiao Lu, Liu-mei Zhang, Jing-jing Liu, Yu-ting Liu, Xiao-ye Lin, Xue-qi Wang, Yuan Zhang, Qiang Tang, Lin Liu
This study was designed to probe the effect of chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) on the maintenance of proteostasis during exhaustive exercise and uncover the alteration of CASA in muscle fibers with pre-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention-induced muscle adaptation in response to exhaustive exercise. Rats were randomly divided into a control group; an exhaustive exercise
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Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Yoshinori Marunaka
Physiological roles of Cl−, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl− in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl− concentration ([Cl−]c); (3) whether [Cl−]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl−]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl− transporters
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Physical exercise for a healthy pregnancy: the role of placentokines and exerkines J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani, Ismail Laher, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Hassane Zouhal
Complications such as diabetes and preeclampsia can occur during pregnancy. Moderate-intensity exercise can prevent such complications by releasing placentokines and exerkines, such as apelin, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and chemerin. Exercise and apelin increase thermogenesis and glucose uptake in pregnancy by activating AMPK, PI3K, PGC-1α, AKT1, UCP3, and sarcolipin. Exercise increases apelin levels
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Relationship between the thrombospondin-1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TSP1/TLR4) pathway and vitamin D levels in obese and normal weight subjects with different metabolic phenotypes J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Eman Y. Khairy, Azza Saad
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) contributes to obesity-associated inflammation via activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The regulatory role of vitamin D on this pathway has been suggested. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TSP1/TLR4 pathway and vitamin D in obese and normal weight subjects with different metabolic phenotypes. Thirty obese and thirty normal weight men were selected
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Febuxostat ameliorates muscle degeneration and movement disorder of the dystrophin mutant model in Caenorhabditis elegans J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Sawako Yoshina, Luna Izuhara, Rei Mashima, Yuka Maejima, Naoyuki Kamatani, Shohei Mitani
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited disorder with mutations in the dystrophin gene characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Therapy such as administration of glucocorticoids, exon skipping of mutant genes and introduction of dystrophin mini-genes have been tried, but there is no radical therapy for DMD. In this study, we used C. elegans carrying mutations in the
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Emerin deficiency does not exacerbate cardiomyopathy in a murine model of Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by an LMNA gene mutation J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Eiji Wada, Kohei Matsumoto, Nao Susumu, Megumi Kato, Yukiko K. Hayashi
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, is clinically characterized by muscular dystrophy, early joint contracture, and life-threatening cardiac abnormalities. To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying striated muscle involvement in EDMD, we previously established a murine model with mutations in Emd and Lmna (Emd−/−/LmnaH222P/H222P;
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Molecular biomarkers for assessing the heat-adapted phenotype: a narrative scoping review J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 J. Corbett, J. S. Young, M. J. Tipton, J. T. Costello, T. B. Williams, E. F. Walker, B. J. Lee, C. E. Stevens
Heat acclimation/acclimatisation (HA) mitigates heat-related decrements in physical capacity and heat-illness risk and is a widely advocated countermeasure for individuals operating in hot environments. The efficacy of HA is typically quantified by assessing the thermo-physiological responses to a standard heat acclimation state test (i.e. physiological biomarkers), but this can be logistically challenging
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Oxygen extraction fraction is not uniform in human brain: a positron emission tomography study J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Hiroshi Ito, Masanobu Ibaraki, Ryo Yamakuni, Motoharu Hakozaki, Naoyuki Ukon, Shiro Ishii, Kenji Fukushima, Hitoshi Kubo, Kazuhiro Takahashi
The regional differences in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in brain were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in detail with consideration of systemic errors in PET measurement estimated by simulation studies. The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), OEF, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured on healthy men by PET with 15O-labeled
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Connective tissue mast cells store and release noradrenaline J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Yusuke Otani, Soichiro Yoshikawa, Kei Nagao, Takehiro Tanaka, Shinichi Toyooka, Atsushi Fujimura
Mast cells are present in mucosal and connective tissues throughout the body. They synthesize and release a wide variety of bioactive molecules, such as histamine, proteases, and cytokines. In this study, we found that a population of connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) stores and releases noradrenaline, originating from sympathetic nerves. Noradrenaline-storing cells, not neuronal fibers, were predominantly
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Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in depression of the putative nociceptive response in spinal cord preparations isolated from neonatal rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Kayo Tsuzawa, Hiroshi Onimaru, Katsunori Inagaki, Masahiko Izumizaki
A metabolite of acetaminophen, AM404, which is an anandamide transporter inhibitor, induces analgesia mainly via activation of transient receptor potential channel 1 in the spinal cord, although the role of cannabinoid receptors remains to be studied. The ventral root reflex response induced by stimulation of the dorsal root in in vitro preparations of rat spinal cord is useful to assess the effect
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A positive association of serum CCN5/WISP2 levels with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: a case–control study J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Mohammed Farhan Hamdan Alshganbee, Fariba Nabatchian, Vida Farrokhi, Reza Fadaei, Nariman Moradi, Reza Afrisham
CCN5/WISP2 is prominently manifest in adipose tissue and has been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. However, discrepancies exist in previous studies, and little is known about its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The current investigation is designed to examine the correlation of WISP2 with risk factors in GDM patients in comparison to healthy
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Physiological functions of calcium signaling via Orai1 in cancer J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Masanari Umemura, Rina Nakakaji, Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and migration, in both normal cells and cancer cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism by which Ca2+ is imported from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, especially in nonexcitable cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is also a receptor-regulated Ca2+ entry
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Acute effects of empagliflozin on open-loop baroreflex function and urinary glucose excretion in rats with chronic myocardial infarction J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Toru Kawada, Meihua Li, Akitsugu Nishiura, Yuki Yoshida, Shohei Yokota, Hiroki Matsushita, Masafumi Fukumitsu, Kazunori Uemura, Joe Alexander, Keita Saku
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have exerted cardioprotective effects in clinical trials, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As mitigating sympathetic overactivity is of major clinical concern in the mechanisms of heart failure treatments, we examined the effects of modulation of glucose handling on baroreflex-mediated sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure
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Depletion of transit amplifying cells in the adult brain does not affect quiescent neural stem cell pool size J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Zakiyyah Munirah Mohd Zaki, Anri Kuroda, Naoko Morimura, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Seiji Hitoshi
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the adult mammalian brain throughout the animal’s lifespan. NSCs in the subependymal zone infrequently divide and generate transit amplifying cells, which are destined to become olfactory bulb neurons. When transit amplifying cells are depleted, they are replenished by the quiescent NSC pool. However, the cellular basis for this recovery process remains largely
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Vidarabine, an anti-herpes agent, improves Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Michinori Tsunoda, Ichiro Matsuo, Yoshiki Ohnuki, Kenji Suita, Misao Ishikawa, Takao Mitsubayashi, Aiko Ito, Yasumasa Mototani, Kenichi Kiyomoto, Akinaka Morii, Megumi Nariyama, Yoshio Hayakawa, Kazuhiro Gomi, Satoshi Okumura
In this work, we examined the involvement of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5) in cardiac dysfunction induced in mice given Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) at a dose equivalent to the circulating levels in periodontitis (PD) patients. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in mice given PG-LPS compared to the control, but treatment for 1 week with the AC5 inhibitor vidarabine
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Cumulative effects of exercise training and consumption of propolis on managing diabetic dyslipidemia in adult women: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with pre–post-intervention assessments J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-05 Fatemeh Moayedi, Farzaneh Taghian, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Seyed Ali Hosseini
Dyslipidemia is an imbalance of various lipids, and propolis, as a natural resinous viscos mixture made by Apis mellifera L. could improve in this condition. In this single-blind, randomized trial, 60 women with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia were divided into four groups: (1) the patients who did not apply the combined training and 500 mg propolis capsules supplement (Control group); (2) subjects
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Sugar signals from oral glucose transporters elicit cephalic-phase insulin release in mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Mitsuhito Takamori, Yoshihiro Mitoh, Kengo Horie, Masahiko Egusa, Takuya Miyawaki, Ryusuke Yoshida
Cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) occurs before blood glucose increases after a meal. Although glucose is the most plausible cue to induce CPIR, peripheral sensory systems involved are not fully elucidated. We therefore examined roles of sweet sensing by a T1R3-dependent taste receptor and sugar sensing by oral glucose transporters in the oropharyngeal region in inducing CPIR. Spontaneous oral
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Evaluation of newly developed wearable ear canal thermometer, mimicking the application to activities on sports and labor fields J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Issei Kato, Hironori Watanabe, Kei Nagashima
We evaluated the reliability of a newly developed wearable ear canal thermometer based on three different experiments, in which ear canal and rectal temperature (Tear and Trec, respectively) were simultaneously monitored. In Experiment 1, participants sat at 28 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), during which fanning or 41 °C lower legs water immersion was conducted. In Experiment 2, participants conducted
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Pallidal GABA B receptors: involvement in cortex beta dynamics and thalamic reticular nucleus activity J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Nelson Villalobos, Victor Manuel Magdaleno‐Madrigal
The external globus pallidus (GP) firing rate synchronizes the basal ganglia-thalamus-cortex network controlling GABAergic output to different nuclei. In this context, two findings are significant: the activity and GABAergic transmission of the GP modulated by GABA B receptors and the presence of the GP-thalamic reticular nucleus (RTn) pathway, the functionality of which is unknown. The functional
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Experimental carotid baroreceptor stimulation reduces blood flow velocities in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries of healthy individuals J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso, Casandra I. Montoro, J. Richard Jennings, Stefan Duschek
This study investigated effects of experimental baroreceptor stimulation on bilateral blood flow velocities in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (ACA and MCA) using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated by neck suction in 33 healthy participants. Therefore, negative pressure (− 50 mmHg) was applied; neck pressure (+ 10 mmHg) was used as a control
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Telocytes response to cardiac growth induced by resistance exercise training and endurance exercise training in adult male rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Siroos Choobineh, Mahboobeh Borjian Fard, Rahman Soori, Zohreh Mazaheri
Telocytes are interstitial cells found in different tissues, including cardiac stem cell niches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of the telocytes to the cardiac growth that occurs in response to resistance and endurance exercise trainings using rats distributed into control, endurance, and resistance training groups. Results revealed that the ratio of heart weight to body
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Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-30
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material
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The role of gut microbiota on cognitive development in rodents: a meta-analysis J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Siti Sarahdeaz Fazzaura Putri, Irfannuddin Irfannuddin, Krisna Murti, Yudianita Kesuma, Hardi Darmawan, Noriyuki Koibuchi
Cognitive function includes learning, remembering and using acquired information. Emerging studies indicate the correlation between microbiota and cognitive function. Higher abundance of a specific gut microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes may improve cognitive abilities. However, another study reported different result. These results suggest that further systematic analysis is required to determine the
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Dogs showed lower parasympathetic activity during mutual gazing while owners did not J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Miho Nagasawa, Maaya Saito, Haruka Hirasawa, Kazutaka Mogi, Takefumi Kikusui
The affiliative relationship between humans and dogs is compared to a mother–infant attachment relationship. We hypothesized that dog’s attachment behavior in negative emotional state aroused the owner’s attention toward the dog, that is, reduced parasympathetic activity. We measured heart rate variability in both dogs and humans during the Strange Situation Test to examine whether the owners' parasympathetic
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High intensity interval training attenuates osteoarthritis-associated hyperalgesia in rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Xinwei Wang, Jiulong Song, Peng Xia, Qiang Lin, Anliang Chen, Kai Cheng, Fane Kong, Yi Shi, Xueping Li
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a physical therapy that may benefit patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Cacna2d1 is a calcium channel subunit protein that plays an important role in the activity of nerve cells. However, there is currently no evidence on HIIT relieving OA-associate hyperalgesia by decreased Cacna2d1. Our study established the OA rat models with intra-articular injection of
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Acute effects of empagliflozin on open-loop baroreflex function and urine glucose excretion in Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Toru Kawada, Hiromi Yamamoto, Aimi Yokoi, Akitsugu Nishiura, Midori Kakuuchi, Shohei Yokota, Hiroki Matsushita, Joe Alexander, Keita Saku
Although suppression of sympathetic activity is suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms for the cardioprotective effects afforded by sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, whether the modulation of glucose handling acutely affects sympathetic regulation of arterial pressure remains to be elucidated. In Goto–Kakizaki diabetic rats, we estimated the open-loop static characteristics
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Chronic voluntary wheel running exercise ameliorates metabolic dysfunction via PGC-1α expression independently of FNDC5/irisin pathway in high fat diet-induced obese mice J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Chaeeun Cho, Minje Ji, Eunhee Cho, Seon Yi, Jae Geun Kim, Sewon Lee
Exercise is an effective intervention to ameliorate metabolic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the metabolic amelioration have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α–FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 expression is activated and whether metabolic dysfunction is ameliorated by chronic voluntary wheel running (VWR) in high-fat
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Mechanism for exercise-mediated prevention against muscle wasting on extensor digitorum longus muscle in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Hitoshi Kotake, Yuji Ogura, Shohei Yamada, Kazuho Inoue, Shiika Watanabe, Daisuke Ichikawa, Takeshi Sugaya, Keiichi Ohata, Yasunori Natsuki, Seiko Hoshino, Minoru Watanabe, Kenjiro Kimura, Yugo Shibagaki, Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
We previously reported the significant increase in limb muscle strength and cross-sectional area of the type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in a type 2 diabetic animal model, with Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 6) undergoing regular treadmill exercise from 8 to 16 weeks of age compared with sedentary SDT fatty rats (n = 6). This study investigated
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Effects of gentle mechanical skin stimulation on subjective symptoms and joint range of motions in people with chronic neck and shoulder discomfort J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Nobuhiro Watanabe, Marina Nara, Shihoko Suzuki, Masamitsu Sugie, Takao Yamamoto, Harumi Hotta
This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a 2-week self-administered gentle mechanical skin stimulation on chronic neck and shoulder discomfort. In participants (n = 12) with chronic neck and shoulder discomfort, subjective measures of pain sensation, discomfort, and difficulty in moving using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–10) and objective measures of 12 different joint range of motions (ROMs) for
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Maternal physiological calming responses to infant suckling at the breast J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Nami Ohmura, Lana Okuma, Anna Truzzi, Gianluca Esposito, Kumi O. Kuroda
The mother–infant relation is key to infant physical, cognitive and social development. Mutual regulation and cooperation are required to maintain the dyadic system, but the biological foundation of these responses remains to be clarified. In this study, we report the maternal calming responses to infant suckling during breastfeeding. Using behavioral measures and a Holter electrocardiogram as a readout
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Relationships between feeding behaviors and emotions: an electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency analysis study J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 Shintaro Kusunoki, Takako Fukuda, Saori Maeda, Chenjuan Yao, Takahiro Hasegawa, Tetsuya Akamatsu, Hiroshi Yoshimura
Feeding behaviors may be easily affected by emotions, both being based on brain activity; however, the relationships between them have not been explicitly defined. In this study, we investigated how emotional environments modulate subjective feelings, brain activity, and feeding behaviors. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were obtained from healthy participants in conditions of virtual comfortable
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Nicotinic cholinergic regulation of olfactory bulb blood flow response in aged rats J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Sae Uchida, Jura Moriya, Daichi Morihara, Fusako Kagitani
In our previous research, we had demonstrated the crucial role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in potentiation of the olfactory bulb blood flow response to olfactory stimulation in adult rats. The present study examined the effects of nAChR activation on the olfactory bulb blood flow response in rats aged 24–27 months. We found that, under urethane anesthesia, unilateral olfactory
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Proceedings of the 99th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-23
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material
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Critical role of Rho proteins in myosin light chain di-phosphorylation during early phase of endothelial barrier disruption J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Hirano, Mayumi, Hirano, Katsuya
We previously reported the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)-mediated di-phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and actin bundle formation at the cell periphery as early events of the endothelial barrier disruption. We herein examined the role of RhoA during early events of barrier disruption. Treatment of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells with simvastatin prevented
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Molecular logic of salt taste reception in special reference to transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4) J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Kasahara, Yoichi, Narukawa, Masataka, Takeuchi, Ayako, Tominaga, Makoto, Abe, Keiko, Asakura, Tomiko
The taste is biologically of intrinsic importance. It almost momentarily perceives environmental stimuli for better survival. In the early 2000s, research into taste reception was greatly developed with discovery of the receptors. However, the mechanism of salt taste reception is not fully elucidated yet and many questions still remain. At present, next-generation sequencing and genome-editing technologies
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Acute effects of regional heat stimulation by indirect moxibustion on cardiovascular responses J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Nakahara, Hidehiro, Kawai, Eriko, Miyamoto, Tadayoshi
Moxibustion is a traditional East Asian medicine treatment that involves burning moxa directly or indirectly on or near the skin at a specific site of the body, called an acupoint. However, whether moxibustion induces cardiovascular responses by modulating autonomic nervous activity remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of indirect moxibustion on cardiovascular responses
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Electroacupuncture improves cognitive impairment in diabetic cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy pathway J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Ge, Xia, Wang, Ling, Cui, Qianqian, Yan, Hongli, Wang, Zhongbao, Ye, Shandong, Zhang, Qingping, Fei, Aihua
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has become a major public health concern. However, the mechanisms driving this disease are elusive. Herein, we explored how electroacupuncture improves learning and memory function in diabetic rats. The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were fed on high-fat and high-sugar diets
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Regulation of aging by balancing mitochondrial function and antioxidant levels J. Physiol. Sci. (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Yoshina, Sawako, Izuhara, Luna, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Mitani, Shohei
Aging is the deterioration of physiological mechanisms that is associated with getting old. There is a link between aging and mitochondrial function. However, there is an unresolved relationship between ATP levels and aging. To address this issue, we administered febuxostat (FBX), an inhibitor of human xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), to C. elegans. We used C. elegans as a model