Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people (>60 years old) worldwide. There is no permanent cure for the disease but the symptomatic relief can be obtained by using dopamine agonists besides L‐dopa therapy. The longer use of the drugs is associated with several side effects. Hence, the researchers have made a considerable attention toward

Luteolin belongs to the group of flavonoids and can be found in flowers, herbs, vegetables and spices. It plays an important role in defending plants, for example against UV radiation by partially absorbing UVA and UVB radiation. Thus, luteolin can also decrease adverse photobiological effects in the skin by acting as a first line of defense. Furthermore, anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities

Luteolin is a widely distributed flavone herbs and vegetables. It has anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities and improves glucose metabolism by potentiating insulin sensitivity and improving β‐cell function and mass. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is induced by the deposition of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in the hippocampus and the formation of neurotoxic Aβ plaques. The Aβ deposition is associated with increased

Phytoestrogens can control high‐fat diet‐induced hypothalamic inflammation that is associated with severe consequences, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the phytoestrogen anti‐neuroinflammatory action is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the neuroprotection mediated by daidzein in hypothalamic neurons by using a membrane‐based model

874 Phytochemicals impact on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Simin Sharifi, Farzin Arablouye Moghaddam, Atefeh Abedi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Shahin Ahmadian, Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi and Mohammad Samiei Medicinal plants have always been utilized for the prevention and treatment of the spread of different diseases all around the world. To name some

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a superfamily of 18 proteins characterized by the PARP homology domain, the catalytic domain. This catalytic domain helps in the ADP‐ribosylation of various acceptor proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor for ADP‐ribose. PARP‐1 and PARP‐2 carry out 80% of poly‐ADP‐ribosylation of cellular protein. Hence, their combined knockout results

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes for mortality worldwide. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, and particularly LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) are the main risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease. The risk of CVDs could be reduced by decreasing the elevated cholesterol levels. β‐hydroxy β‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCoAR) is the

Recent articles report elevated markers of coagulation, endothelial injury, and microthromboses in lungs from deceased COVID‐19 patients. However, there has been no discussion of what may induce intravascular coagulation. Platelets are critical in the formation of thrombi and their most potent trigger is platelet activating factor (PAF), first characterized by Demopoulos and colleagues in 1979. PAF

Osteoglycin (Ogn), a class III SLRP member with multiple glycosylation sites, has been proposed to be engaged in cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling in human heart failure following myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus, we sought to define the role of Ogn in regulation of the Wnt pathway on myocardial fibrosis and epithelial/endothelial‐mesenchymal

In this study, we investigated the longevity effects of hispidol, a 6,4′‐dihydroxyaurone, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Our lifespan assay data revealed that hispidol could prolong the lifespan of wild‐type worms under normal culture condition. Moreover, hispidol increased the survival rate of the worms against a heat stress condition through up‐regulated expressions of HSP‐16.2. Similarly

Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous lipid metabolites of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in promoting the resolution of inflammation. Many disease conditions characterized by excessive inflammation have impaired or altered SPM biosynthesis, which may lead to chronic, unresolved inflammation. Exogenous administration of SPMs in infectious conditions has

Accompanying with diabetes mellitus‐induced osteoporosis (DM‐OS), diabetic patients show poor peri‐implant osteogenesis after implantation for dentition defect. Berberine (BBR), a candidate oral hypoglycemic agent, is a promising agent for treating DM‐OS. In this study, BBR was applied on DM rats and high‐glucose‐cultured bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to investigate its therapeutic mechanism

Sepsis and septic shock are still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units worldwide. Sepsis is an uncontrolled and excessive response of the innate immune system toward the invading infectious microbes, characterized by the hyper‐production of pro‐inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor‐necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)

Fibrosis is the end stage of many chronic diseases, which results in organ function failure and high mortality. Mangiferin is a major constituent in mango and other 16 plants, and has been shown a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammation. The emerging evidence has shown that mangiferin can improve renal interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis

Obesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory

698 Exosome: From leukemia progression to a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia treatment Elham Gholipour, Parisa Sarvarian, Parisa Samadi, Mehdi Talebi, Aliakbar Movassaghpour, Roza Motavalli, Mohammad Hojjat‐Farsangi and Mehdi Yousefi Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes

Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion from immune system. These functions are due to exosomes' biomolecules which make them as efficient markers in early diagnosis of the disease. Also, exosomes have been

Obstructive nephropathy favors the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a severe health problem worldwide. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to study the development of fibrosis. Impairment of renal mitochondria plays a crucial role in several types of CKD and has been strongly related to fibrosis onset. Nevertheless, in the UUO model, the impairment of mitochondria, their

This study detected the expression pattern of miR‐1471 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and analyzed the prognostic significance of miR‐1471 in NSCLC. Subsequently, potential targets of miR‐1471 were screened for assessing the potential molecular mechanism in NSCLC. A total of 47 primary NSCLC cases treated by radical resection and systematic lymphadenectomy in the department of thoracic

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a progressive degenerative disorder that predominantly affects the synovial membranes of joints. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role played by microRNAs (miRNAs) in OA development. The current study aimed to elucidate the underlying modulatory role of miR‐27b‐3p in the development of OA. The expression of miR‐27b‐3p in the OA patients and rat models post

Inflammation plays a crucial role in sepsis‐induced cardiac injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) affected lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cardiac injury by regulating the inflammatory response. First, the expression level and source of cardiac IL‐5 were examined, and the results showed that LPS treatment and cecal ligation decreased cardiac IL‐5 expression

Medicinal plants have always been utilized for the prevention and treatment of the spread of different diseases all around the world. To name some traditional medicine that has been used over centuries, we can refer to phytochemicals such as naringin, icariin, genistein, and resveratrol gained from plants. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of stem cells can be the result of specific bioactive

Steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical challenge with variable clinical outcomes. In patients with SRNS, unsuccessful anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proteinuric effects of steroids lead to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Our objective was to define the expression pattern of the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) α and β and their epigenetic regulators (miR‐24, miR‐30a, and miR‐370) in a group

Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily, is a key autocrine/paracrine inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth. Recently, researchers have postulated that myostatin is a negative regulator of bone formation and metabolism. Reportedly, myostatin is highly expressed in the fracture area, affecting the endochondral ossification process during the early stages of fracture

Recent evidences have suggested that genistein, a beneficial isoflavonoid, exerts marked anti‐proliferative action on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind anti‐CRC effect of genistein have not been elucidated. In current report, a systemic pharmacology analysis was used to disclose the anti‐CRC mechanism of genistein prior to performing experimentative certification

The nesting mechanisms and programming for the fate of implanted stem cells in the damaged tissue have been critical issues in designing and achieving cell therapies. The fracture site can induce senescence or apoptosis based on the surrounding harsh conditions, hypoxia, and oxidative stress (OS). Respiration deficiency, disruption in energy metabolism, and consequently OS induction change the biophysical

This study investigates whether the circulating miR‐155, let‐7c, miR‐21, and PTEN levels to be used in the differential diagnosis of patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and breast cancer (BC). Forty‐five patients with BC, 50 patients with IGM, and 48 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum miR‐21 expression was significantly higher in BC (fold change = 2.42) and IGM group

502 A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of Vitamin D‐fortified food on glycemic indices Maryam Emadzadeh, Reza Sahebi, Hamed Khedmatgozar, Ramin Sadeghi, Mahsa Farjami, Payam Sharifan, Yalda Ravanshad, Gordon A. Ferns and Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan Some reports indicated that Vitamin D may improve glycaemia indices in diabetic patients. The aim of this systematic and meta‐analysis was to

Increased inflammation is the key mechanism that mediates sepsis induced cardiac injury. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid, can attenuate the severity of many inflammation‐related diseases through anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties. However, the protective role of RvD1 in sepsis induced cardiac injury remains unclear. Mice were randomly

Phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Endothelial cells can regulate VSMC phenotypic switch by secreting exosomes, crucial mediators of intracellular communication. This study aimed to determine whether exosomal LINC01005 from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Butein, a flavonoid found in annatto seeds and lacquer trees, may be used for many health benefits, including the prevention of obesity. However, its anti‐obesity effects are not completely understood; in particular, the effects of butein on the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been explained. Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine the effects of butein on lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis

Overly active acyl‐coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs) are known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, cancer cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis. However, the role of ACAT in systemic lipid metabolism and its consequence of aging is unknown. Using avasimibe, a clinically proven ACAT inhibitor, and mboa‐1 mutant strain, a homologous to mammalian ACAT, herein, we found

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a major symptom associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis (AS). Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) has the potentials to attenuate AS symptoms. In the current study, the mechanism driving the effects of C3G on AS rabbits and injured ECs were explored by focusing on the changes in miR‐204‐5p/SIRT1 axis. AS symptoms were induced in rabbits using high‐fatty diet

To explore the role of POTEE in the malignant development of pancreatic cancer and the possible mechanism. POTEE levels in pancreatic cancer samples were detected. The relationship between POTEE level and clinical data of pancreatic cancer patients was analyzed. After knockdown of POTEE or treatment of the GSK‐3β inhibitor, proliferative change in pancreatic cancer cells was assessed. Protein levels

Both circular RNA DOCK1 (circDOCK1) and microRNA‐124 (miR‐124) are implicated in carcinogenesis, but functional association between these two molecules remains uncharacterized. Here, we aimed to ascertain the role of circDOCK1‐miR‐124 node in thyroid cancer cells.

306 COVID‐19, pulmonary mast cells, cytokine storms, and beneficial actions of luteolin Theoharis C. Theoharides The recent corona virus [severe acute pulmonary syndrome (SARS‐CoV‐2)] infects cells, especially in the lungs, via its spike protein binding to a receptor on the surface called Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Pulmonary mast cells express this receptor making them prime targets, following

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease in women. This research aims to disclose the probable function of lncRNA H19 in MH7A cells.

Cell senescence is due to the permanent cell cycle arrest that occurs as a result of the inherent limited replicative capacity toward the Hayflick limit (replicative senescence), or in response to various stressors (stress‐induced premature senescence, SIPS). With the acquisition of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cells release several molecules (cytokines, proteases, lipids)

Obesity is a common and complex health problem worldwide and can induce the development of Type 2 diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication occurring as a result of obesity and diabetic conditions that lead to an increased mortality rate. There are several mechanisms and pathways contributing to kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions. The expansion of adipocytes triggers proinflammatory

Calycosin is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen, and it has the anti‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) action played by calycosin. However, the elaborate mechanisms of calycosin treating NPC remain to be unrevealed. In current report, a promising tool of network pharmacology method was used to uncover the anti‐NPC targets and therapeutic mechanisms played by calycosin. Furthermore, were conducted to

As an evolutionarily conserved pathway, Hippo signaling pathway impacts different pathology and physiology processes such as wound healing, tissue repair/size and regeneration. When some components of Hippo signaling dysregulated, it affects cancer cells proliferation. Moreover, the relation Hippo pathway with other signaling including Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, and EGFR signaling leaves effect on the proliferation

Podocytes play an essential role in the regulation of glomerular filtration and the appropriate function of the kidney. Podocytes injury is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), a common renal glomerulus dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Some in vivo studies in Dicer/Drosha knockout mice indicate the importance of Dicer, Drosha, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis

Some reports indicated that Vitamin D may improve glycaemia indices in diabetic patients. The aim of this systematic and meta‐analysis was to evaluate effects of Vitamin D fortification on indices of glycemic control. Six databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched, for randomized controlled trials that were published

The new coronavirus (severe acute pulmonary syndrome [SARS]‐CoV‐2) originated in China, where it spread rapidly,1 and has reached pandemic proportions because of its high rate of infectivity as well as high morbidity and mortality, associated with COVID‐19.2 This coronavirus infects by first binding to the ectoenzyme angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),3, 4 a serine protease acting as the receptor

Lung fibrosis is a progressive fatal lung disorder with significantly high mortality rates. Bleomycin (BLM) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of several carcinomas. The most severe adverse effect of BLM is lung toxicity; therefore, BLM has been repeatedly reported to be considered amongst the most widely used agents for the induction of experimental lung fibrosis

Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in several chronic inflammatory processes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are known as chronic inflammatory conditions. The primary objective of this observational cross‐sectional study was to compare LCN2 plasmatic levels in these clinical settings, whereas the secondary objective was to investigate any possible

Baicalein has been widely studied and showed a potent activity against pancreatic cancer in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Little is known regarding the effects of Skullcapflavone I (SFI), despite they have similar structures. So, this study was to explore the function of SFI on human pancreatic cancer. Panc‐1 cells were transfected with miR‐23a precursor, miR‐23a inhibitor or the negative controls

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influences of circPRKCI abnormal expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced HK2 cell injury and its mechanism. The circPRKCI level was identified in serum samples from patients with urosepsis and healthy subjects, as well as LPS‐treated HK2 cells by qRT‐PCR. Cell viability, apoptosis, expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, and expression

Colorectal cancer (CRC) refers to a deadly carcinoma following potent invasiveness and metastasis in advanced stage. Unfortunately, existing anti‐CRC medicine is insufficient for chemotherapy in addition to adverse effects. Consequently, the candidate natural ingredient for treating CRC needs to be further developed. Our previous experiments report that genistein exerts beneficial effects to inhibit

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid and has antioxidative properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of quercetin on thyroid dysfunction in L‐thyroxin (LT4)‐induced hyperthyroidism rats. LT4 was used to prepare the experimental hyperthyroidism model via the intraperitoneal injection. Quercetin was injected at a series doses (5, 50, and 100 mg/kg) to LT4‐induced hypothyroidism rats once

Emerging evidence showed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays crucial roles in regulating various cancer biological behaviors. Titin‐antisense RNA1 (TTN‐AS1) has been reported to have crucial roles in cancers but its role in ovarian cancer remains unknown. The levels of TTN‐AS1, microNRA‐15b‐5p (miR‐15b‐5p), and F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) in ovarian cancer cells were measured

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality rate. We strived to detect the role and mechanism of circRNA-0072309 in liver cancer. Hep3B cell line was transfected with pc-circ and si-circ for viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion tests, which were individually performed by CCK-8, colony formation detection, flow cytometry assay, migration

Reprogrammed metabolism is key biochemical characteristic of malignant cells, which represents one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. Currently, there is rising contemplation on oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes as potential therapeutic hits due to their affiliation with tumor metabolism. 6‐Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), third oxidative decarboxylase of PPP, has received a

Thioredoxin (Txn) is a hydrogen carrier protein and exists widely in organism. Txn deficiency implicates cardiomyocytes injury has been proven. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. To understand the mechanistic response of cardiomyocytes subsequent to Txn suppression, we established the model of Txn dysfunction by employing gene interference technology (siRNA) and Txn inhibitor (PX‐12) in

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II is considered to function as an important fetal growth factor, which is structurally and functionally related to IGF‐I and proinsulin. At least in vitro, IGF‐II actions are mediated through the IGF‐I receptor and to a lesser extent the insulin receptor. After birth, the function of IGF‐II is less clear although in adults the serum level of IGF‐II exceeds that of

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant intracranial tumor. Cisplatin is a broad‐spectrum antitumor drug. It is important to study the cisplatin resistance of MB cells for the treatment of MB. In this article, we preliminarily studied the cisplatin resistance of microRNA (miR)‐31 and the possible mechanism in DAOY and UW228 cells, laying a theoretical foundation for clinical treatment of MB.