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An Antiviral Drug Screening Platform with a FRET Biosensor for Measurement of Arenavirus Z Assembly Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-12-25 Tatsuaki Mizutani; Yusuke Ohba; Satoshi Mizuta; Jiro Yasuda; Shuzo Urata
The smallest arenavirus gene product, Z protein, plays critical roles in the virus life cycle. Z is the major driving force of budding and particle production because of a unique property that defines self-assembly. In addition to the roles in budding, Z also participates in the suppression of type I interferon production to evade host antiviral immunity. Therefore, Z and its assembled form are an
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Mevalonate pathway-mediated ER homeostasis is required for haploid stability in human somatic cells Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Kan Yaguchi; Kimino Sato; Koya Yoshizawa; Daisuke Mikami; Kohei Yuyama; Yasuyuki Igarashi; Gabor Banhegyi; Eva Margittai; Ryota Uehara
The somatic haploidy is unstable in diplontic animals, but cellular processes determining haploid stability remain elusive. Here, we found that inhibition of mevalonate pathway by pitavastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, drastically destabilized the haploid state in HAP1 cells. Interestingly, cholesterol supplementation did not restore haploid stability in pitavastatin-treated cells,
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Prickle2 and Igsf9b Coordinately Regulate the Cytoarchitecture of the Axon Initial Segment. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Md Imrul Hasan Chowdhury,Tomoki Nishioka,Noriko Mishima,Toshihisa Ohtsuka,Kozo Kaibuchi,Daisuke Tsuboi
Prickle2 has been identified in genetic studies of subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy, but the pathological mechanism of Prickle2 remains to be fully understood. Proteomic analysis of Prickle2 with mass spectrometry revealed twenty-eight Prickle2 interactors, including immunoglobulin superfamily member 9b (Igsf9b), in the brain. Here, because Igsf9 family proteins are associated
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Internalization of AMPA-type Glutamate Receptor in the MIN6 Pancreatic β-cell Line. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 The Mon La,Hiroshi Yamada,Sayaka Seiriki,Shun-Ai Li,Kenshiro Fujise,Natsuho Katsumi,Tadashi Abe,Masami Watanabe,Kohji Takei
The activity of AMPA-type glutamate receptor is involved in insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. However, the mechanism and dynamics that underlie AMPA receptor-mediated insulin release in β-cells is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMPA induces internalization of glutamate receptor 2/3 (GluR2/3), AMPA receptor subtype, in the mouse β-cell line MIN6. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that
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Biliverdin Reductase-A Deficiency Brighten and Sensitize Biliverdin-binding Chromoproteins. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Kenju Kobachi,Sota Kuno,Shinya Sato,Kenta Sumiyama,Michiyuki Matsuda,Kenta Terai
Tissue absorbance, light scattering, and autofluorescence are significantly lower in the near-infrared (NIR) range than in the visible range. Because of these advantages, NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand for in vivo imaging. Nevertheless, application of NIR FPs such as iRFP is still limited due to their dimness in mammalian cells. In contrast to GFP and its variants, iRFP requires
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p18/Lamtor1-mTORC1 Signaling Controls Development of Mucin-producing Goblet Cells in the Intestine. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Shizuka Ito,Shigeyuki Nada,Daisuke Yamazaki,Tetsuya Kimura,Kentaro Kajiwara,Hiroaki Miki,Masato Okada
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors. The activity of mTORC1 is dually regulated by amino acids and growth factor signaling, and amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activity is regulated by mTORC1 interaction with the Ragulator-Rag GTPase complex, which is localized to the surface of lysosomes
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Visualization of Procollagen IV Reveals ER-to-Golgi Transport by ERGIC-independent Carriers. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 Yuto Matsui,Yukihiro Hirata,Ikuo Wada,Nobuko Hosokawa
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal tissues and is critical for their proper organization. Nascent procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered too large to be loaded into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which have a diameter of 60–80 nm, for exit from the ER and transport to the Golgi complex. To study the transport mechanism of procollagen IV, which generates
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MON2 Guides Wntless Transport to the Golgi through Recycling Endosomes. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Shen-Bao Zhao,Neta Dean,Xiao-Dong Gao,Morihisa Fujita
Endocytic cargos are transported to recycling endosomes (RE) but how these sorting platforms are generated is not well understood. Here we describe our biochemical and live imaging studies of the conserved MON2-DOPEY complex in RE formation. MON2 mainly co-localized with RE marker RAB4B in peripheral dots and perinuclear region. The peripheral RE approached, interacted with, and separated from sorting
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Roles of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF2α Phosphorylation in Cell Structure and Function. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-04-29 Sung Hoon Back
It is often assumed that α-subunit phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex is just a mechanism to control protein synthesis. However, eIF2α phosphorylation induced by multiple kinases can recognize various intracellular and extracellular stress conditions, and it is involved in various other cellular processes beyond protein synthesis. This review introduces
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Centrosomal and Non-centrosomal Functions Emerged through Eliminating Centrosomes. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Yutaka Takeda,Kanako Kuroki,Takumi Chinen,Daiju Kitagawa
Centrosomes are highly conserved organelles that act as the major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal somatic cells. Through their MTOC activity, centrosomes play various roles throughout the cell cycle, such as supporting cell migration in interphase and spindle organization and positioning in mitosis. Various approaches for removing centrosomes from somatic cells have been developed and
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Rab7B/42 is functionally involved in protein degradation on melanosomes in keratinocytes. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Soujiro Marubashi,Mitsunori Fukuda
Keratinocytes uptake melanosomes from melanocytes and retain them in the perinuclear region, where they form melanin caps. Although these processes are crucial to protecting nuclear DNA against ultraviolet injury, the molecular basis of melanosome uptake and decomposition in keratinocytes is poorly understood. One of the major reasons for its being poorly understood is the lack of a specific marker
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N-glycosylation of Rim21 at an Unconventional Site Fine-tunes Its Behavior in the Plasma Membrane. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-11-30 Keisuke Obara,Tetsuya Kotani,Hitoshi Nakatogawa,Akio Kihara,Takumi Kamura
The polytopic plasma membrane protein Rim21 senses both the elevation of ambient pH and alterations in plasma membrane lipid asymmetry in the Rim101 pathway in budding yeast. Rim21 is known to undergo N-glycosylation, but the site and function of the glycosylation modification is not known. Using a systematic mutation analysis, we found that Rim21 is N-glycosylated at an unconventional motif located
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Localization of BCR-ABL to Stress Granules Contributes to Its Oncogenic Function. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-11-15 Sayaka Kashiwagi,Yoichiro Fujioka,Takeshi Kondo,Aya O Satoh,Aiko Yoshida,Mari Fujioka,Hitoshi Sasajima,Maho Amano,Takanori Teshima,Yusuke Ohba
The oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL activates a variety of signaling pathways and plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); however, the subcellular distribution of this chimeric protein remains controversial. Here, we report that BCR-ABL is localized to stress granules and that its granular localization contributes to BCR-ABL-dependent leukemogenesis. BCR-ABL-positive
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Folding Latency of Fluorescent Proteins Affects the Mitochondrial Localization of Fusion Proteins. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-11-15 Sayaka Kashiwagi,Yoichiro Fujioka,Aya O Satoh,Aiko Yoshida,Mari Fujioka,Prabha Nepal,Atsushi Tsuzuki,Ozora Aoki,Sarad Paudel,Hitoshi Sasajima,Yusuke Ohba
The discovery of fluorescent proteins (FPs) has revolutionized cell biology. The fusion of targeting sequences to FPs enables the investigation of cellular organelles and their dynamics; however, occasionally, such fluorescent fusion proteins (FFPs) exhibit behavior different from that of the native proteins. Here, we constructed a color pallet comprising different organelle markers and found that
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MGSE Regulates Crosstalk from the Mucin Pathway to the TFE3 Pathway of the Golgi Stress Response. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-10-19 Mohamad Ikhwan Jamaludin,Sadao Wakabayashi,Mai Taniguchi,Kanae Sasaki,Ryota Komori,Hirotada Kawamura,Hayataka Takase,Miyu Sakamoto,Hiderou Yoshida
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle where membrane or secretory proteins receive post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and sulfation, after which the proteins are selectively transported to their final destinations through vesicular transport. When the synthesis of secretory or membrane proteins is increased and overwhelms the capacity of the Golgi (Golgi stress), eukaryotic cells
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Dispersion of Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Compartments by 4-phenyl Butyric Acid in Yeast Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 Thanh Chi Mai,Yuki Ishiwata-Kimata,Quynh Giang Le,Hiroyuki Kido,Yukio Kimata
In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, some aberrant multimembrane-spanning proteins are not transported to the cell surface but form and are accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived subcompartments, known as the ER-associated compartments (ERACs), which are observed as puncta under fluorescence microscopy. Here we show that a mutant of the cell surface protein Pma1, Pma1-2308, was accumulated
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Mutations in mxc Tumor-Suppressor Gene Induce Chromosome Instability in Drosophila Male Meiosis. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-09-05 Karin Tanabe,Rie Awane,Tsuyoshi Shoda,Kanta Yamazoe,Yoshihiro H Inoue
Drosophila Mxc protein is a component of the histone locus body (HLB), which is required for the expression of canonical histone genes, and severe mxc mutations generate tumors in larval hematopoietic tissues. A common characteristic of cancer cells is chromosomal instability (CIN), but whether mxc mutants exhibit this feature is unknown. Here, examination of post-meiotic spermatids created after male
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Identification of 15 New Bypassable Essential Genes of Fission Yeast. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-08-31 Aoi Takeda,Shigeaki Saitoh,Hiroyuki Ohkura,Kenneth E Sawin,Gohta Goshima
Every organism has a different set of genes essential for its viability. This indicates that an organism can become tolerant to the loss of an essential gene under certain circumstances during evolution, via the manifestation of 'masked' alternative mechanisms. In our quest to systematically uncover masked mechanisms in eukaryotic cells, we developed an extragenic suppressor screening method using
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Implication of a Novel Function of Sar1 in the Nucleus. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-08-09 Kotaro Horikawa,Tomohiro Yorimitsu,Chie Kodera,Ken Sato
The coat protein complex II (COPII) generates transport carriers that deliver newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. The small GTPase Sar1 is a well-known regulator of the assembly of the COPII coat. In the present study, we demonstrate that, besides its well-established role in ER-to-Golgi trafficking, the nuclear localization of Sar1 is essential for
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Organelle Zones. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-07-12 Kanae Sasaki,Hiderou Yoshida
In research on cell biology, organelles have been a major unit of such analyses. Researchers have assumed that the inside of an organelle is almost uniform in regards to its function, even though each organelle has multiple functions. However, we are now facing conundrums that cannot be resolved so long as we regard organelles as functionally uniform units. For instance, how can cells control the diverse
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A Peptide Derived from Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Inhibits Endocytosis and Influenza Virus Infection. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-03-25 Yoichiro Fujioka,Aya O Satoh,Kosui Horiuchi,Mari Fujioka,Kaori Tsutsumi,Junko Sasaki,Prabha Nepal,Sayaka Kashiwagi,Sarad Paudel,Shinya Nishide,Asuka Nanbo,Takehiko Sasaki,Yusuke Ohba
Endocytosis mediates the internalization and ingestion of a variety of endogenous or exogenous substances, including virus particles, under the control of intracellular signaling pathways. We have previously reported that the complex formed between the small GTPase Ras and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) translocates from the plasma membrane to endosomes, signaling from which thereby regulates clathrin-independent
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Long Noncoding RNA LINC00202 Promotes Tumor Progression by Sponging miR-3619-5p in Retinoblastoma. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-03-25 Guigang Yan,Yi Su,Zhao Ma,Lianzhi Yu,Ning Chen
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, and the prognosis in the advanced RB is poor. It is urgent to find novel therapeutic targets. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical functions in cancer progression, and lncRNA LINC00202 is found associated with poor prognosis in RB. However, the functions of LINC00202 in RB remain unclear. We employed qRT-PCR and immunoblot
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Two Decades of Genetically Encoded Biosensors Based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-03-21 Kenta Terai,Ayako Imanishi,Chunjie Li,Michiyuki Matsuda
Two decades have passed since the development of the first calcium indicator based on the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). During this period, researchers have advanced many novel ideas for the improvement of such genetically encoded FRET biosensors, which have allowed them to expand their targets from small molecules to signaling proteins
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PUM2 Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration via Repressing BTG1 Expression. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-02-23 Yuanyu Wang,Weili Sun,Jiankai Yang,Liang Yang,Chen Li,Hongjiang Liu,Xiaopeng Liu,Baohua Jiao
PUM2, an RNA binding protein, is known to promote stem cell proliferation via repressing expressions of cell cycle genes. Similar with stem cells, malignant cells are characterized by unlimited proliferation and remote migration. However, roles of PUM2 in cancer development are controversial. Here, we investigated PUM2's role in glioblastoma development and its relationship with the cell cycle regulator
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CCL20 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating ABCB1 Expression. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-02-15 Shan Su,Xueqin Sun,Qinghua Zhang,Zhe Zhang,Ju Chen
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of prevalent tumors and this study aimed to explore CCL20's effects on doxorubicin resistance of OC and related mechanisms. Doxorubicin-resistant SKOV3 DR cells were established from SKOV3 cells via 6-month continuous exposure to gradient concentrations of doxorubicin. Quantitative PCR and Western blot assay showed that SKOV3 DR cells had higher level of CCL20 than SKOV3
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MiR-187-3p Enhances Propranolol Sensitivity of Hemangioma Stem Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-02-05 Chao Liu,Zeliang Zhao,Zhidong Ji,Yanyan Jiang,Jiawei Zheng
Infantile hemangioma is the most common soft tissue tumors in childhood. In clinic, propranolol is widely used for infantile hemangioma therapy. However, some of the infantile hemangioma patients display resistance to propranolol treatment. Previous studies show that miR-187-3p is inhibited in hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer, while the role of miR-187-3p in infantile hemangioma remains unclear
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Moss Kinesin-14 KCBP Accelerates Chromatid Motility in Anaphase. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Mari W Yoshida,Moé Yamada,Gohta Goshima
KCBP is a microtubule (MT) minus-end-directed kinesin widely conserved in plants. It was shown in Arabidopsis that KCBP controls trichome cell shape by orchestrating MT and actin cytoskeletons using its tail and motor domains. In contrast, the KCBP knockout (KO) line in the moss Physcomitrella patens showed a defect in nuclear and organelle positioning in apical stem cells. Moss KCBP is postulated
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Towards Enhancing Therapeutic Glycoprotein Bioproduction: Interventions in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Mohamed Mahameed,Afnan Sulieman,Duah Alkam,Boaz Tirosh
Recombinant glycoproteins produced in mammalian cells are clinically indispensable drugs used to treat a broad spectrum of diseases. Their bio-manufacturing process is laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Investment in expediting the process and reducing its cost is the subject of continued research. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of diverse physiological functions such
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PGSE Is a Novel Enhancer Regulating the Proteoglycan Pathway of the Mammalian Golgi Stress Response. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-11-30 Kanae Sasaki,Ryota Komori,Mai Taniguchi,Akie Shimaoka,Sachiko Midori,Mayu Yamamoto,Chiho Okuda,Ryuya Tanaka,Miyu Sakamoto,Sadao Wakabayashi,Hiderou Yoshida
The Golgi stress response is a homeostatic mechanism that augments the functional capacity of the Golgi apparatus when Golgi function becomes insufficient (Golgi stress). Three response pathways of the Golgi stress response have been identified in mammalian cells, the TFE3, HSP47 and CREB3 pathways, which augment the capacity of specific Golgi functions such as N-glycosylation, anti-apoptotic activity
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Glycosphingolipid GM2 Induces Invasiveness in Irradiation-tolerant Lung Cancer Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-11-09 Seiichiro Ishihara,Kei Aoki,Takeomi Mizutani,Maho Amano,Shin-Ichiro Nishimura,Hisashi Haga
Glycans, including glycosphingolipids, are broadly expressed in plasma membranes and play important roles in cell-cell interactions. Recently, it has been revealed that glycans participate in the regulation of malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, e.g. growth and invasion. However, their roles in irradiation-tolerant cancer cells have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that specific glycosphingolipids
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An Anti-tumorigenic Role of the Warburg Effect at Emergence of Transformed Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-07-27 Kojiro Ishibashi,Riku Egami,Kazuki Nakai,Shunsuke Kon
The Warburg effect is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, characterized by enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Despite intense research efforts, its functional relevance or biological significance to facilitate tumor progression is still debatable. Hence the question persists when and how the Warburg effect contributes to carcinogenesis. Especially, the role of metabolic changes at a very early stage of
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Automatic Quantitative Segmentation of Myotubes Reveals Single-cell Dynamics of S6 Kinase Activation. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-07-27 Haruki Inoue,Katsuyuki Kunida,Naoki Matsuda,Daisuke Hoshino,Takumi Wada,Hiromi Imamura,Hiroyuki Noji,Shinya Kuroda
Automatic cell segmentation is a powerful method for quantifying signaling dynamics at single-cell resolution in live cell fluorescence imaging. Segmentation methods for mononuclear and round shape cells have been developed extensively. However, a segmentation method for elongated polynuclear cells, such as differentiated C2C12 myotubes, has yet to be developed. In addition, myotubes are surrounded
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Branched Sialylated N-glycans Are Accumulated in Brain Synaptosomes and Interact with Siglec-H. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-07-24 Mai Handa-Narumi,Takeshi Yoshimura,Hiroyuki Konishi,Yuko Fukata,Yoshiyuki Manabe,Katsunori Tanaka,Guang-Ming Bao,Hiroshi Kiyama,Koichi Fukase,Kazuhiro Ikenaka
Proper N-glycosylation of proteins is important for normal brain development and nervous system function. Identification of the localization, carrier proteins and interacting partners of N-glycans is essential for understanding the roles of glycoproteins. The present study examined the N-glycan A2G'2F (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-6[Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-3]Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4[Fucα1-6]GlcNAc-). A2G'2F has
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Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Rescue H2O2-induced Inhibition of Cardiac Differentiation. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-07-18 Mingming Ren,Tao Wang,Lei Huang,Xiaoqiang Ye,Zhen Han
The anti-oxidative property of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has been proposed previously, which prompted us to investigate the potential protective effect of MSNs on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) against oxidative stress. To this purpose, the cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium
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A Novel Morphological Marker for the Analysis of Molecular Activities at the Single-cell Level. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Ayako Imanishi,Tomokazu Murata,Masaya Sato,Kazuhiro Hotta,Itaru Imayoshi,Michiyuki Matsuda,Kenta Terai
For more than a century, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has been the de facto standard for histological studies. Consequently, the legacy of histological knowledge is largely based on H&E staining. Due to the recent advent of multi-photon excitation microscopy, the observation of live tissue is increasingly being used in many research fields. Adoption of this technique has been further accelerated
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Detailed Analysis of the Interaction of Yeast COG Complex. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-06-15 Midori Ishii,Vladimir V Lupashin,Akihiko Nakano
The Golgi apparatus is a central station for protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells. A widely accepted model of protein transport within the Golgi apparatus is cisternal maturation. Each cisterna has specific resident proteins, which are thought to be maintained by COPI-mediated transport. However, the mechanisms underlying specific sorting of these Golgi-resident proteins remain elusive. To obtain
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Long-term Culture of Human iPS Cell-derived Telencephalic Neuron Aggregates on Collagen Gel. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-05-22 Hiroshi Oyama,Koji Takahashi,Yoshikazu Tanaka,Hiroshi Takemoto,Hisashi Haga
It takes several months to form the 3-dimensional morphology of the human embryonic brain. Therefore, establishing a long-term culture method for neuronal tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is very important for studying human brain development. However, it is difficult to keep primary neurons alive for more than 3 weeks in culture. Moreover, long-term adherent culture
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Solo and Keratin Filaments Regulate Epithelial Tubule Morphology. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-05-02 Ryosuke Nishimura,Kagayaki Kato,Sachiko Fujiwara,Kazumasa Ohashi,Kensaku Mizuno
Epithelial tubules, consisting of the epithelial cell sheet with a central lumen, are the basic structure of many organs. Mechanical forces play an important role in epithelial tubulogenesis; however, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the mechanical forces during epithelial tubule morphogenesis. Solo (also known as ARHGEF40) is a RhoA-targeting guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that
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Hidden Peptides Encoded by Putative Noncoding RNAs. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-04-13 Akinobu Matsumoto,Keiichi I Nakayama
Although the definition of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that does not encode a protein, recent evidence has revealed that some ncRNAs are indeed translated to give rise to small polypeptides (usually containing fewer than 100 amino acids). Despite their small size, however, these peptides are often biologically relevant in that they are required for a variety of cellular processes. In
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Live-cell Imaging with Genetically Encoded Protein Kinase Activity Reporters. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-03-20 Gembu Maryu,Haruko Miura,Youichi Uda,Akira T Komatsubara,Michiyuki Matsuda,Kazuhiro Aoki
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in intracellular signal transduction, and dysregulation of kinases leads to pathological results such as malignant tumors. Kinase activity has hitherto been measured by biochemical methods such as in vitro phosphorylation assay and western blotting. However, these methods are less useful to explore spatial and temporal changes in kinase activity and its cell-to-cell
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Structural Insights into the Altering Function of CRMP2 by Phosphorylation. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-02-27 Takuya Sumi,Tsuyoshi Imasaki,Mari Aoki,Naoki Sakai,Eriko Nitta,Mikako Shirouzu,Ryo Nitta
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates neuronal polarity by controlling microtubule dynamics. CRMP2 activity is regulated by semaphorin-induced phosphorylation at the C-terminal tail domain. Unphosphorylated CRMP2 induces effective axonal microtubule formation to give the axonal characteristics to a neurite, whereas phosphorylated CRMP2 leads to the apparently opposite effect, growth
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SPIRAL2 Stabilises Endoplasmic Microtubule Minus Ends in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-02-16 Shu Yao Leong,Moé Yamada,Naoki Yanagisawa,Gohta Goshima
Stabilisation of minus ends of microtubules (MTs) is critical for organising MT networks in land plant cells, in which all MTs are nucleated independent of centrosomes. Recently, Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 (SPR2) protein was shown to localise to plus and minus ends of cortical MTs, and increase stability of both ends. Here, we report molecular and functional characterisation of SPR2 of the basal land plant
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A Missense Mutation in the NSF Gene Causes Abnormal Golgi Morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-02-06 Sayuri Tanabashi,Keiko Shoda,Chieko Saito,Tomoaki Sakamoto,Tetsuya Kurata,Tomohiro Uemura,Akihiko Nakano
The Golgi apparatus is a key station of glycosylation and membrane traffic. It consists of stacked cisternae in most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms how the Golgi stacks are formed and maintained are still obscure. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provides a nice system to observe Golgi structures by light microscopy, because the Golgi in A. thaliana is in the form of mini-stacks that are distributed
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Intestinal Epithelial Cell-specific Deletion of α-Mannosidase II Ameliorates Experimental Colitis. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-01-19 Koichiro Suzuki,Takahiro Yamada,Keiko Yamazaki,Masato Hirota,Narumi Ishihara,Mizuki Sakamoto,Daisuke Takahashi,Hideki Iijima,Koji Hase
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is believed to develop in genetically susceptible individuals. Glycosylation, a type of post-translational modification, is involved in the development of a wide range of diseases, including IBD, by modulating the function of various glycoproteins. To identify novel genes contributing to the development of IBD
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Flagellar-associated Protein FAP85 Is a Microtubule Inner Protein That Stabilizes Microtubules. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2018-01-10 Junya Kirima,Kazuhiro Oiwa
Genomics and proteomics studies in Chlamydomonas have revealed that an axoneme is composed of 200-600 types of proteins, including uncharacterized proteins collectively named flagellar-associated proteins (FAPs). Nine FAPs contain the EF-hand motif; however, they have not yet been well characterized. To find components responsible for Chlamydomonas-specific waveform changes coupled with intracellular
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Expression of Ror2 Associated with Fibrosis of the Submandibular Gland. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-10-27 Daiki Takahashi,Hiroaki Suzuki,Yasumasa Kakei,Kimi Yamakoshi,Yasuhiro Minami,Takahide Komori,Michiru Nishita
The submandibular gland (SMG) is one of the major salivary glands that play important roles for variety of physiological functions, such as digestion of foods, prevention of infection, and lubrication of the mouth. Dysfunction of the SMG, often associated with a salivary inflammation, adversely influences a person's quality of life. However, the mechanism underlying inflammation-driven dysfunction
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Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Induce Immature and Mature B Cell Egress in Response to Erythropoietin. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-10-27 Takeshi Ito,Yoko Hamazaki,Akifumi Takaori-Kondo,Nagahiro Minato
Bone marrow stromal cells, including endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, support the maintenance, differentiation, and retention of hematopoietic stem and precursor cells under steady state conditions. At the onset of an emergency, such as severe blood loss or infection, the status of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow changes rapidly to ensure efficient production of cells of specific lineages;
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Deltamethrin Increases Neurite Outgrowth in Cortical Neurons through Endogenous BDNF/TrkB Pathways. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-09-26 Daisuke Ihara,Mamoru Fukuchi,Momoko Katakai,Yo Shinoda,Ritsuko Katoh-Semba,Teiichi Furuichi,Mitsuru Ishikawa,Akiko Tabuchi,Masaaki Tsuda
Deltamethrin (DM), a type II pyrethroid, robustly increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression and has a neurotrophic effect in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In this study, we investigated the effect of DM on neurite morphology in cultured rat cortical neurons. DM significantly increased neurite outgrowth, but this increase was abolished when the BDNF scavenger tropomyosin
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The Position of the GFP Tag on Actin Affects the Filament Formation in Mammalian Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-09-01 Akira Nagasaki,Saku T Kijima,Tenji Yumoto,Miku Imaizumi,Ayana Yamagishi,Hyonchol Kim,Chikashi Nakamura,Taro Q P Uyeda
Actin, a major component of microfilaments, is involved in various eukaryotic cellular functions. Over the past two decades, actin fused with fluorescent protein has been used as a probe to detect the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in living eukaryotic cells. It is generally assumed that the expression of fusion protein of fluorescent protein does not disturb the distribution of
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MiR-29a and miR-652 Attenuate Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Differentiation of CD4+ T Cells. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-08-05 Ji Xuan,Shu-Lin Guo,Ang Huang,Hua-Bing Xu,Mei Shao,Ya Yang,Wei Wen
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is the response of liver diseases that puzzles patients. MiRNAs were involved in the regulating processes of liver fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the effects of ARRB1 mediated by miR-29a and miR-652 on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. METHODS Liver fibrosis of mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Liver function was observed by the levels
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Drosophila DOCK Family Protein Zizimin Involves in Pigment Cell Differentiation in Pupal Retinae. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-07-14 Fumito Ozasa,Kazushige Morishita,Ngoc Anh Suong Dang,Seiji Miyata,Hideki Yoshida,Masamitsu Yamaguchi
The dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family proteins are known as one of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), that contribute to cellular signaling processes by activating small G proteins. Although mammalian Zizimin is known to be a GEF for Cdc42 of Rho family small GTPase, its role in vivo is not well understood. Here we studied in vivo function of Drosophila Zizimin (Ziz). Knockdown of Ziz
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Mitochondria Regulate the Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-07-14 Hiroki Kato,Thanh Thi Mai Pham,Haruyoshi Yamaza,Keiji Masuda,Yuta Hirofuji,Xu Han,Hiroshi Sato,Tomoaki Taguchi,Kazuaki Nonaka
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are isolated from the dental pulp tissue of primary teeth and can differentiate into neuronal cells. Although SHED are a desirable type of stem cells for transplantation therapy and for the study of neurological diseases, a large part of the neuronal differentiation machinery of SHED remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial
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SEL1L-dependent Substrates Require Derlin2/3 and Herp1/2 for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-05-30 Takehiro Sugimoto,Satoshi Ninagawa,Shimpei Yamano,Tokiro Ishikawa,Tetsuya Okada,Shunichi Takeda,Kazutoshi Mori
Accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). The ATF6 pathway is one of the three major pathways in vertebrates. Although ATF6, a transmembrane-type glycoprotein in the ER, functions as a UPR sensor/transducer, it is an unstable protein with a half-life of approximately 2 h and is constitutively subjected to the ER-associated
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Synthesized Aβ42 Caused Intracellular Oxidative Damage, Leading to Cell Death, via Lysosome Rupture. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-04-18 Yuki Oku,Kazuma Murakami,Kazuhiro Irie,Jun Hoseki,Yasuyoshi Sakai
Neuronal cellular accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracellular accumulation of Aβ42, a toxic form of Aβ, was observed as an early event in AD patients. However, its contribution and the cellular mechanism of cell death remained unclear. We herein revealed the mechanism by which Aβ42 incorporated into cells leads to cell
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The WD40 Domain of HIRA Is Essential for RI-nucleosome Assembly in Xenopus Egg Extracts. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-04-07 Ruibin Zhu,Mari Iwabuchi,Keita Ohsumi
Histone chaperones are a group of histone-binding proteins that facilitate the assembly of nucleosomes, the fundamental structural units of chromatin in eukaryotes. In nucleosome assembly, deposition of a histone H3-H4 tetramer onto DNA is the first and critical step, which is mediated by the histone chaperones HIRA and CAF-1. HIRA and CAF-1 are reportedly involved in DNA replication independent (RI)
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4μ8C Inhibits Insulin Secretion Independent of IRE1α RNase Activity. Cell Struct. Funct. (IF 2.429) Pub Date : 2017-03-23 Hitomi Sato,Yoko Shiba,Yuichi Tsuchiya,Michiko Saito,Kenji Kohno
IRE1α plays an important role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 4μ8C, a well-known inhibitor of IRE1α RNase activity, is commonly used to analyze IRE1α function during ER stress in cultured mammalian cells. However, the off-target effects of 4μ8C remain elusive. Pancreatic β-cells synthesize a large amount