Melanin plays an important role in determining skin colour. Apoptosis of melanocytes and defect in melanin production cause vitiligo. Various studies have been conducted to treat the disease, but its treatment is still difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of spermidine, which is known as an inhibitor of ageing‐related oxidized proteins, on melanogenesis. Even though spermidine

Most cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication via transferring various biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. A subset of EVs is exosomes that promote tumorigenesis. Different tumour cells such as colorectal cancer (CRC) cells produce exosomes that participate in the progression of CRC. Exosomes cargo including proteins and miRNAs not only

Uncontrolled oxidative stress production, especially in the outer retina is one of the causes of retinal degenerations. Mitochondria are considered the principal source of oxidative stress. However, a Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) production in the retinal photoreceptor layer seems to depend also on the expression of an extramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery in the rod

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a marine polyphenolic compound derived from brown alga Ishige okamurae. A previously study has suggested that DPHC possesses strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. However, the anti‐melanogenesis effect of DPHC has not been reported at cellular level. The objective of the present study was to clarify the melanogenesis inhibitory effect of DPHC and its molecular

Retraction: ‘Euxanthone inhibits glycolysis and triggers mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis by targeting hexokinase 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer’, by Jun Zou, Yamei Wang, Mingdi Liu, Xiushu Huang, Wenjian Zheng, Qian Gao, and Haijing Wang, Cell Biochemistry and Function 2018; 303‐311. The above article, published online on July 8, 2018 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3349), has

Hyaluronic acid (HA) exerts a critical role in the lubricating and buffering properties of synovial fluid in joints. The production of HA is regulated by growth factors, hormones, inflammatory cytokines and mechanical load. The reduction of HA contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis. Herein, we found that d‐galactose (d‐gal) induced the senescence of rabbit synovial membrane cells, accompanied

Today, tremendous attention has been devoted to a new coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019‐nCoV), due to severe effects on the global public in all over the world. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of 2019‐nCoV are important for early treatment and cutting off epidemic transmission. In this regard, laboratory detection protocols, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and computed tomography (CT) examination

The outbreak of COVID‐19 emerged in December 2019 rapidly spread across the globe and has become pandemic. Little is known about the protective factors of this infection, which is equally distributed between genders and different ages while severe and poor prognosis cases are strongly associated to old males and the presence of comorbidities. Thus, preventive measures aiming at reducing the number

Ageing induces a great risk factor that participates in progressing various degenerative diseases morbidities. The main characteristic of ageing is the failure in maintaining homeostasis in the organs with a cellular senescence. Senescence is characterized by reduced cell growth, evade cellular death, and acquiring a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are

Many studies have shown that adiponectin is closely related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the specific role of adiponectin in COPD is still not well understood. Adiponectin and IL‐6 expression in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) was detected by ELISA. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were stimulated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, apoptotic cells or LPS. Then, the

Stem cell therapy is growing rapidly to treat numerous diseases including bone‐associated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly preferred to treat bone diseases because it possesses high osteogenic potency. Though, to obtain maximum osteogenic efficiency of MSCs is challenging. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the osteogenic efficiency of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal

In this pilot study, we explored the immune phenotype of patients with severe obesity and comorbid depressive symptoms compared to non‐depressed patients with obesity and normal‐weight controls. Immune cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry and depressive symptoms assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Cell frequencies were correlated with depressive symptom scores and waist‐to‐hip

Human adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) have immunomodulatory properties and the potential to differentiate into several cell lines, important for application in regenerative medicine. However, the contamination with dermal fibroblasts (FIB) can impair the beneficial effects of ASC in cell therapy. It is then essential to develop new strategies that contribute to the distinction between these

Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) have been reported in solid tumours. This hypoxic microenvironment modulates the expression of genes linked to a more aggressive disease. However, it is unclear if the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes as cytochromes P450 (CYPs) is affected by hypoxia in cancer. We aimed to define which cytochromes are affected by hypoxia using a liver cancer model in vitro. For

Research into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of childhood‐related diseases is the key to reducing their morbidity and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles, both in physiology and pathology, and there is ample evidence to show that they play varying roles in tissue development and gene regulation. Studies on circRNAs in different childhood‐related diseases have confirmed

Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest types of gynaecological cancers and more than half of the patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Recurrence in advanced staged patients after chemotherapy is associated with increased chemoresistance, which results in poor prognosis. Regulator of G‐protein signalling 10 (RGS10) negatively regulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by attenuating

Stem cell therapy promotes tissue regeneration and wound healing. Efforts have been made to prime stem cells to enhance their regenerative abilities. Certain marijuana components, namely the non‐psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are defined as immunomodulators.9 We test whether two sources of stem cells, primed with CBD or THC, would demonstrate improved regenerative

MiR‐140‐5p is high expressed in normal fracture healing, but its specific role and mechanism in tissue‐to‐bone healing are rarely reported. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of miR‐140‐5p on tissue‐to‐bone healing. Clone formation experiment, flow cytometry, Alizarin Red S Staining and Oil Red O Staining were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of mouse embryonic bone

The abnormal expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) has been proved to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. However, its role in chemosensitivity and related molecular mechanism have not been clarified. It has been reported that PTPN6 was down‐regulated in colorectal cancer cells compared with the normal colorectal cells. To evaluate the effects of

Incidence and mortality rates of cancer continue to increase greatly despite the improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, the numbers of new cancer cases reported in 2018 were ~18.1 million, while the numbers of cancer mortalities were ~9.6 million. It remains difficult to diagnose most cancer patients at early stages. Although cancer therapy market is rapidly evolving

Clusterin (CLU), a multifunctional chaperonic glycoprotein associated with diverse cellular functions has been shown to act as an oncogene or tumour suppressor gene in different cancers, implying a dual role in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the expression of CLU isoforms, their subcellular localization and functional significance in oral cancer cells. Significant downregulation of secretory

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When NSCLC is detected, patients are typically already in a metastatic stage. Metastasized cancer is a major obstacle of effective treatment and understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to treat cancer. Herein, we selected an invasive

Icariin (ICA) has anti‐inflammatory effects in some diseases, but its role in gouty arthritis (GA) is not clear. This study investigated the effects of ICA in monosodium urate (MSU)‐induced GA rat models. GA rat models were induced by MSU, and co‐treated with ICA of low‐dose (20 mg/kg), medium‐dose (40 mg/kg), and high‐dose (80 mg/kg), respectively. The ankle swelling rates, haematoxylin‐eosin (HE)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder whose major pathophysiological basis is demonstrated as placental insulin resistance (IR), while Smad4 always functions in the signal transduction of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) pathway. Our study aims to figure out the role of Smad4 in an insulin resistance (IR) cellular model using placental trophoblast cell line. Importantly

Despite vitamin D‐deficiency clinically presenting with myopathy, muscle weakness and atrophy, the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its homeostatic effects upon skeletal muscle remain to be fully established. Recent studies have shown that the receptor by which 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) exerts its biological actions (ie, the vitamin D receptor, VDR) elicits both genomic and non‐genomic

Nrf2 mediates the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine in an acute inflammatory visceral pain rat model by activating the NF‐κB sensor Following the publication of the Lan et al. (2020), the author would like to amend the ‘Animal treatment’ section of the Materials and Methods. The authors apologise for the mistake. The original text read as follows: 2.2 Animal treatment We randomly divided

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for non‐shivering thermogenesis, with restricted expression in brown/beige adipocytes in humans and rodents. We have previously shown an unexpected expression of UCP1 in bovine skeletal muscles. This study evaluated factors affecting Ucp1 gene expression in cultured bovine myogenic cells. Myosatellite cells, which were isolated from the bovine musculus longissimus

The p53 tumour suppressor is considered one of the most critical genes in cancer biology. By upregulating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage repair in normal cells, p53 prevents the propagation of cells with tumorigenic potential; therefore, mutations in p53 are associated with carcinogenic transformation and can be accompanied by the accumulation of a novel gain‐of‐function oncogenic protein

COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐COV‐2 first appeared in the Wuhan City of China and began to spread rapidly among people. Rapid progression of the outbreak has led to a major global public health problem of a potentially fatal disease. On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the pandemic as the sixth public health emergency of the world. Upon this, the whole country has started to take the necessary precautions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases

Lixisenatide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It increases insulin (INS) secretion and can decrease INS resistance, improving metabolic disorders in this disease. However, its effects on metabolic disturbances in cancer‐bearing, which also exhibit decreased INS secretion and INS resistance, changes that may contribute

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common devastating condition that causes neuronal loss and dysfunction. Neuroinflammation takes cardinal roles in the pathogenesis of SCI, and nucleotide‐binding domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a mediator of inflammatory reactions occurring in SCI patients. The present study was designed to survey possible relation between thoracic segments whereby

Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the leading global cause of death, causing more than 9 million deaths in 2016. After cardiovascular events, thrombolysis, percutaneous

Tc85, as other members of trans‐sialidase family, is involved in Trypanosoma cruzi parasite adhesion to mammalian cells. Particularly, Tc85 acts through specific interactions with prokineticin receptor 2, a G‐protein coupled receptor involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this manuscript, through biochemical analyses, we demonstrated that LamG, a Tc85 domain, physically interacts

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine carcinoma, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for 80%‐90% of thyroid cancers. Accumulating studies reported that mitochondria plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. ALDH5A1, may function as an oncogene or tumour suppressor in various human cancers, and the role of ALDH5A1 in PTC is still unclear. The aim of this study

Cancer cell derived exosomes play important roles in cancer progression and modulation of the tumour microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the role of prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) positive exosomes on angiogenesis. In the present study, PKR1 expression in tumour samples from ovarian cancer patients were examined firstly. Then, two ovarian cancer cell lines, namely A2780 and HO‐8910 cells

It is reported that long intergenic non‐coding RNA 00662 (LINC00662) plays an oncogenic role in tumours. However, the mechanism of LINC00662 in regulating the progression and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer (CC) is not clear. In this study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was adopted to detect LINC00662 and miR‐497‐5p expressions in CC tissues and cells. The expression

Taurine upregulated gene 1 (Tug1) is a novel lncRNA that participates in growth, and the abnormal expression of Tug1 related to mouse islet cell dysfunction. A recent study revealed that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) related to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Tug1 in IUGR‐mediated islet dysfunction. We observed that newborn IUGR mice had lower

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays important roles in developmental of vertebrate animal central nervous system (CNS), and Gli is its downstream signal molecule. Shh signalling is essential for pattern formation, cell‐fate specification, axon guidance, proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons in CNS development. The abnormal signalling pathway of Shh leads to the occurrence of many nervous system

Long‐term use of platinum‐based drugs can cause non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to develop extremely strong drug resistance. Increasing the drug dosage does not have better treatment effects and could lead to serious complications. High levels of drug resistance are considered to be characteristic of human tumours and are usually mediated by genes related to multidrug resistance. Multidrug resistance‐associated

Since the new coronavirus known as 2019‐nCoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS‐CoV‐2) has widely spread in Wuhan, China, with severe pneumonia, scientists and physicians have made remarkable efforts to use various options such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, vaccines, small‐molecule drugs and interferon therapies to control, prevent or treatment infections of 2019‐nCoV. However

Altered DNA methylation upon ageing may result in many age‐related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, the changes in DNA methylation that occur in cortical bones, the major osteocytic areas, remain unknown. In our study, we extracted total DNA and RNA from the cortical bones of 6‐month‐old and 24‐month‐old mice and systematically analysed the differentially methylated regions (DMRs), differentially

Malignant phenotypes are leading causes of death in patients with breast cancer (BC). Previously, it has been proved that tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) participates in cell progressions in several human cancers. Little is known about the functions of TPPP3 in BC. Herein, we detected the expression of TPPP3 in 54 clinical BC tissues and two BC cell lines by immunohistochemistry

To establish a stable animal model of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), as well as to explore whether Endocan and HGF/c‐Met signalling pathway participate in the regeneration of residual liver through hepatic stem cells after ALPPS procedure. C57BL/6J male mice weighing 18‐22 g were used in this study. The liver regeneration index was expressed as

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to severe arrhythmia and aggravate myocardial damage. Exosomes are small‐membrane vesicles that play a protective role in myocardial I/R injury. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC)‐induced serum exosomes (IPC‐Exo) on myocardial I/R injury in rats and its underlying mechanism. Serum exosomes were extracted

Apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in redox signalling and programmed cell death. The role of AIF has been well recognized in diabetes and obesity. However, the aspect of AIF deficiency in the development of hepatic steatosis and liver injury is unknown. Therefore, in the current study, Harlequin (Hq mutant) mouse with markedly reduced content of AIF was investigated

Cystine/glutamic acid reverse transporter (System Xc−), a member of the amino acid transporter family, consists of two subunits, light chain xCT and heavy chain 4F2hc. xCT is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthetic, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Studies have confirmed that xCT

Propofol, a generally used anaesthetic in patients care, has been proven to induce neurotoxicity. Studies have shown that miR‐363‐3p was closely related to neurological dysfunction, and the up‐regulated miR‐363‐3p was recognized to be participate in propofol‐induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms and functions of miR‐363‐3p in propofol‐induced neurotoxicity remain rarely reported. The aim of

Inhibin, beta A (INHBA) is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) family. The carcinogenic mechanisms of INHBA during the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In the present study, we further elucidated the role of INHBA in CRC. We analysed the expression of INHBA in CRC and its relationship with patient prognosis using data from public databases. INHBA expression was

Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant tumors and causes the high mortality in cancer patients. Currently, there is no highly efficient therapy against glioblastoma. Therefore, searching for a new molecular target to anti‐glioblastoma therapy is urgent and necessary. In this study, we elucidated the role of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1 ) in proliferation, migration and

Oocyte activation deficiency leads to female infertility. [Ca2+]i oscillations are required for mitochondrial energy supplement transition from the resting to the excited state, but the underlying mechanisms are still very little known. Three mitochondrial Ca2+ channels, Mitochondria Calcium Uniporter (MCU), Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCLX) and Voltage‐dependent Ca2+ Channel (VDAC), were deactivated by inhibitors

The study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in acute soft tissue injury and its related mechanisms. Exosomes were isolated from rBMSCs and characterized by Nanosight NS300 particle size analyser (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and western blot. Twenty four rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): control

LncRNA LINC‐PINT acts as an important regulator in the development of many cancers. The current study aimed to explore the role of LINC‐PINT in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC). LINC‐PINT expression level in different FIGO stages of OC and its adjacent tissues, normal HOSE and OC cell lines (A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3 and HO‐8910) was determined by qRT‐PCR. Survival analysis on LINC‐PINT and OC patients

MicroRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes by regulating cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and the dysregulation of miRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Here, we provided evidence that miR‐92b as an oncogene in NSCLC by targeting PTEN/AKT. We found that miR‐92b was up‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. MiR‐92b knockdown suppressed

Glaucoma is optic neuropathy that is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons. This condition will lead to visual impairment and bring glaucoma to become the second cause of blindness globally. Neuroprotection in glaucoma is needed to prevent the progression of optic neuropathy. In this study, we examined the effects of the superior colliculus (SC)

During the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), aberrant expression of autoantigen is a hallmark event. To explore the regulation of autoantigen tripartite motif containing 21 (Ro/SSA, TRIM21), microRNA profiling was performed in our previous study. In which, two TRIM21‐targeting microRNAs were identified, namely miR‐1207‐5p and miR‐4695‐3p. To further pursue their roles in the development

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is expressed ubiquitously in a variety of cell types including osteoblasts. HSP90 acts as a key driver of proteostasis under pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the involvement of HSP90 in extracellular ATP‐stimulated interleukin (IL)‐6 synthesis and HSP90 downstream signalling in osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells. In osteoblasts, extracellular ATP stimulates

The present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of Tormentic acid (TA) on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSC‐T6 cells were stimulated with Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) and TA, and then cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory factor, and collagen‐related indicators were detected. In order to elucidate the potential mechanism, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and

Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of prevalent causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNA is related to various cancers. Our study was conducted to explore the biological effects of LINC00240 on the tumorigenesis of GC and uncover its possible mechanisms. LINC00240 expression was determined in GC cell lines and samples through quantitative Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR)