Trials on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes have consistently demonstrated that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. However, their renal protective mechanisms have yet to be completely understood and the effect on albuminuria reduction in animal models is controversial. Here, we investigated

Senescent cells accumulate in different organs and develop a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), associated with the development of age‐related pathologies. The constitution of the SASP varies among cell types and with the method of senescence induction; nevertheless, there is substantial overlap among SASPs, especially the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐1α,

The 24 h molecular clock is based on the stability of rhythmically expressed transcripts. The shortening of the poly(A) tail of mRNAs is often the first and rate‐limiting step that determines the life‐span of a mRNA and is catalyzed by deadenylases. Herein, we determine the catalytic site of Hesperin, a recently described circadian deadenylase in plants, using a modified site‐directed mutagenesis protocol

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF‐β superfamily, is a prognostic biomarker of cervical cancer. In addition, GDF15 has been reported to enhance the migration of colorectal cancer cells and liver cancer stem‐like cells. However, the mechanism by which GDF15 promotes cervical cancer cell migration is not completely understood. Here, we report that GDF15 expression is enhanced

In the paper industry, chlorine is often to use to treat the pulp for bleaching. After pulping, a large amount of xylan is present in the fiber. Xylanase can be used to degrade xylan in an eco‐friendly process called biobleaching, which can help minimize the usage of chlorine in the delignification process. However, a bottleneck in the adoption of biobleaching is the cost of xylanase and the requirement

Understanding the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction at a molecular level is crucial for the development of therapeutics for heart conditions. Despite the availability of atomic structures of the protein components of cardiac muscle thin filaments, detailed insights into their dynamics and response to calcium are yet to be fully depicted. In this study, we used molecular dynamic simulations of

Melatonin plays physiological roles in various critical processes, including circadian rhythms, oxidative stress defenses, anti‐inflammation responses, and immunity; however, the current understanding of the role of melatonin in hepatic glucose metabolism is limited. In this study, we examined whether melatonin affects gene expression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Fetuin‐A is a serum glycoprotein synthesized and secreted into blood by the liver and whose main physiological function is the inhibition of ectopic calcification. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that it is a multifunctional protein. For example, endocytic uptake of fetuin‐A by tumor cells resulting in rapid cellular adhesion and spreading has been reported. The precise uptake mechanism

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by the deposition of IgA antibody in the glomerulus. Systematic dissection of immune composition may contribute to a better understanding of the alternations in the immune system in IgAN. To this end, here we applied immune repertoire sequencing technology for parallel analysis of the CDR3 region of all B cell receptors

Tumor angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis. Interleukin 35 (IL35), a member of the interleukin 12 family, is a dimer comprised of IL12A and EBI3. Elevated plasma IL‐35 levels have been reported to be associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the role of IL35 in the angiogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Here, we report that expression of IL35

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer. An earlier study of a cohort of 333 primary prostate carcinomas showed that 74% of these tumors fell into one of seven subtypes of a molecular taxonomy defined by specific gene fusions (ERG, ETV1/4, and FLI1) or mutations (SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1). Molecular subtypesmay aid in distinguishingindolentcases from aggressive cases and improving

Platelet lysate (PL) has been shown to induce chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether long non‐coding RNA H19 is involved in this process. hUCMSCs were isolated, identified, and cultured in 5% PL‐supplemented chondrogenic differentiation medium

Aftiphilin (AFTPH) plays an important role in regulating intracellular trafficking, exocytosis and the pro‐inflammatory response. However, the potential prognostic role of AFTPH in cancers remains unclear. Here, we examined the expression profiles and prognostic significance of AFTPH in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and pancreatic

Colorectal cancer was the third most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2012. A human colorectal cancer cell line, RCM‐1, was established from a colon cancer tissue diagnosed as a well‐differentiated rectum adenocarcinoma. RCM‐1 cells spontaneously form “domes” (formerly designated “ducts”) resembling villiform structures. Two sulphur‐containing

Certain tumors are dependent on autophagy for survival, and thus the use of ULK1 inhibitors to block autophagy has the potential for tumor treatment. However, ULK1 inhibitors affect processes other than autophagy. Herein, we report that the ULK1 inhibitors SBI‐0206965/MRT68921 not only inhibit phosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10) and delay chromatin condensation, but also induce spindle microtubule

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) has been proposed for treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in clinical trials, cumulative response rates to anti‐PD‐1 treatment were approximately 20% in patients with NSCLC. CCR4‐NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 (CNOT4) is a RING finger protein with E3‐ubiquitin‐ligase activity. We

Grape berry development is a highly coordinated and intricate process. Herein, we analyzed the phenotypic and transcriptomic patterns of Victoria (VT) and Flame Seedless (FS) grape varieties during berry development. Physiological analysis and transcriptomic sequencing were performed at four berry developmental phases. VT berry size was comparatively larger to the FS variety. At maturity, 80 days post‐anthesis

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) significantly affect survival and invasiveness of rodent pituitary adenoma (PA) cells. The impact of three clinically relevant SERMs (bazedoxifene, clomiphene, raloxifene) on invasiveness and on gene and protein expression of invasion‐related proteases (Matrix Metalloproteinase‐14 (MMP‐14) and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase‐12 (ADAM12)) was analyzed

Leupeptin is a naturally occurring inhibitor of various proteases, in particular serine proteases. Following its discovery, the inhibitory properties of several other peptidyl argininals have been studied. The specificity of leupeptin is most likely due to the Leu‐Leu‐Argininal sequence, and its C‐terminal aldehyde group has been suggested to enhance the binding efficiency and to be essential for function

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance (IR). SHP2 has previously been identified as a potential target to reduce IR in diabetes. Here, we examined the effects of SHP2 on glucose consumption (GC), IR level, and the expression of IRS, AKT and ERK1/2 proteins in a cellular and animal model of diabetes. IR was induced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and SHP2

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits high recurrence and metastasis rate. Although target therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of some ccRCC patients, the median survival rate remains poor. There thus remains a need for the identification of novel potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. Here, we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and normal tissues