Adipose-derived stem cells are adult stem cells which are easy to obtain and multi-potent. Stem-cell therapy has become a promising new treatment for many diseases, and plays an increasingly important role in the field of tissue repair, regeneration and reconstruction. The physicochemical properties of the extracellular microenvironment contribute to the regulation of the fate of stem cells. Nanomaterials

Cancer is the disease with the highest mortality rate, which poses a great threat to people’s lives. Cancer caused approximately 3.4 million death worldwide annually. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the main therapeutic methods in clinical practice. However, surgery is only suitable for patients with early-stage cancers, and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy have various side effects

Autophagy is defined as separation and degradation of cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes, which plays an essential part in physiological and pathological events. Hence it is also essential for cellular homeostasis. Autophagy disorder may bring about the failure of stem cells to maintain the fundamental transformation and metabolism of cell components. However, for cancer cells, the disorder

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been applied to bone repair and regeneration. Due to the unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties, nanomaterials could promote stem cells osteogenic differentiation, which has great potentials in bone tissue engineering and exploiting nanomaterials-based bone regeneration strategies. In this review, we summarized current

In recent years, tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids(tFNAs) have become a hot topic in the field of DNA nanostructures because of their stable structures, nanoscale size, superior mechanical properties and convenient synthesis with high yield. tFNAs are considered promising drug delivery carriers because they can pass through the cellular membrane without any help and they have a good biocompatibility

As the proportion of the elderly population increases, more and more people suffer from aging-related diseases. Even if aging is inevitable, prolonging the time of healthy aging, delaying the progression of aging-related diseases, and the incidence of morbidity can greatly alleviate the pressure on individuals and society. Current research and exploration in the field of materials related to aging

Due to the misuse of antibiotics, multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have increasingly emerged. This has increased the difficulty of treatment as these bacteria directly affect public health by diminishing the potency of existing antibiotics. Developing alternative therapeutic strategies is the urgent need to reduce the mortality and morbidity related to drug-resistant bacterial infections

Induction of angiogenesis has enormous potential in the treatment of ischemic diseases and the promotion of bulk tissue regeneration. However, the poor activity of angiogenic cells and proangiogenic factors after transplantation is the main problem that imposes its wide applications. Recent studies have found that the development of nanomaterials has solved this problem to some extent. Nanomaterials

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain

Eye diseases often lead to impaired vision and seriously affect the daily life of patients. Local administration of ophthalmic drugs is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. However, due to the special biochemical environment of the ocular tissue and the existence of many barriers, the bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic preparations in the eye is very

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and traditional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions delay the progression of CVDs. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising candidate for treating and preventing heart failure. Increasing efforts have been devoted towards the exploration and identification of potential cell types to repair

Background: Substantial evidences support the hypothesis that the epicardium has a role in cardiac repair and regeneration in part providing, by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), progenitor cells that differentiate into cardiac cell types and in part releasing paracrine factors that contribute to cardiac repair. Besides cell contribution, a significant paracrine communication occurs between

Exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles have great potential to develop into a wide-scale therapeutic platform within the regenerative medicine industry. Exosomes, a subgroup of EVs with diameter ranging from 30-100 nm, have recently gained attention as an innovative approach for the treatment of various diseases, including heart disease. Their beneficial factors and regenerative properties can be contrasted

Although the lack of a robust cardiomyocyte proliferative response has been considered to be a crucial determinant of cardiac pathology and Heart Failure in adult mammalians, the emerging picture is that myocardial regeneration is a complex phenotype involving many actors, including acute cellular senescence and inflammation. However, three major and interconnected events occur in response to tissue

Nowadays, cardiac regeneration is an emerging topic in the cardiovascular field because of the compelling need for effective therapies for repairing or replacing cardiac tissue damaged by pathological or physiological conditions. Indeed, irreversible myocardial remodeling which follows acute myocardial infarction represents a serious burden of this century. In this context, a great improvement in pharmacological

Heart failure is a significant source of morbidity and mortality around the world. Recently, cell therapy has garnered much attention as a means for improving cardiac function after injury. Despite years of study, a growing list of failed efficacy trials has led many to question the translatability of preclinical work. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence supporting the need for transplanted

Large scale projects such as FANTOM and ENCODE led to a revolution in our comprehension of the mammalian transcriptomes by revealing that ~53% of the produced RNAs do not encode for proteins. These transcripts, defined as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), constitute a heterogeneous group of molecules which can be categorized in two main classes, namely small and long, according to their length. In animals,

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2019, 14(8): 683-697 Heyong Yin’s affiliation should be: Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Zexing Yan’s affiliation should be: Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Road Jing Wu Wei Qi, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. The Original Paragraph

Macrophages M2 polarization have been taken as an anti-inflammatory progression during inflammation. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against inflammatory diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms about how different

Differentiation from RAW264.7 cells to osteoclasts rely on many signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, Akt and others. However, the specific underlying mechanisms are not clear. Recently, much works have focused on the inhibitory effects of plant derived compounds in the differentiation from RAW264.7 to osteoclasts. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarize a lot

Excessive bone resorption has been recognized play a major role in the development of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease of bone, and cancer. Phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) family members PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 are critical regulators of signaling pathways downstream of growth factor receptors, integrins, and immune complexes and play a crucial role in osteoclast. Ca2+

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a common degenerative orthopedic disease with multiple pathologic changes in joints affecting large populations worldwide. No treatment can reverse the progress of OA. Since exosomes were first reported in 1983, researches have been conducted to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of exosomes in treating OA. Exosomes derived from Mesenchymal stem cells have attracted

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) exhibit enormous therapeutic potential because of their indispensable regenerative, reparative, angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. MSCs can best differentiate into mesodermal cell lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle cells, endothelial cells and chondrocytes. Specific differentiation of MSCs could be induced through limited conditions

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth-most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.034 million new cases in 2015, and the third-highest cause of cancer deaths, estimated at 785,558, in 2014. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly affect the survival rate in patients with GC: the 5‐year survival rate of early GC reaches 90%‐95%, while the mortality rate significantly increases if GC develops to the

Simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin and cerivastatin belong to the statin family, which are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. As the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of cholesterol metabolism, statins are classically prescribed to patients as lipidlowering agents. However, statins also possess several extra bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified

The Human Genome Project (HGP) announced in 2001 that it had sequenced the entire human genome, yielding nearly complete human DNA. About 98.5 percent of the human genome has been found to be non-coding sequences. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length between 200 and 100,000 nucleotide units. Because of shallow research on lncRNA, it was believed that it had no biological functions

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism and hypoestrogenism before the age of 40, which affects 1% of women in the general population. POF is complex and heterogeneous due to its pathogenetic mechanisms. It is one of the significant causes of female infertility. Although many treatments are available for POF, these therapies are less efficient and trigger

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction

Stem cell therapy is applicable for repair and replacement of damaged cells and tissues. Apart from transplanting cells to the body, the stem cell therapy directs them to grow new and healthy tissues. Stem cells in the area of regenerative medicines hold tremendous promise that may help to regenerate the damaged tissues and heal various diseases like multiple sclerosis, heart diseases, Parkinson’s

Acute ischemic brain injury is a serious disease that severely endangers the life safety of patients. Such disease is hard to predict and highly lethal with very limited effective treatments currently. Although currently, there exist treatments like drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, rehabilitation therapy and other treatments in clinical practice, these are not significantly effective for patients

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is different from peripheral nerve injury; it results in devastating and permanent damage to the spine, leading to severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. SCI produces a complex microenvironment that can result in hemorrhage, inflammation and scar formation. Not only does it significantly limit regeneration, but it also challenges a multitude of transplantation strategies

Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal

Background: There is still a lack of consensus about the best treatment of chondral defects of the knee. We conducted a systematic PRISMA review to evaluate clinical outcomes of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) injections for the treatment of focal chondral defects of the knee. Methods: A systematic review of literature was performed according to the PRISMA

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is categorized as the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with an incidence of more than 830,000 cases per year and a mortality rate of 50%. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and Human Papillomavirus infection are the prominent risks for HNSCC. Despite significant developments in the treatment of HNSCC, a high rate of recurrences makes the clinical situation

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) regulate other cell types through a strong paracrine component called the secretome, comprising of several bioactive entities. The composition of the MSCs' secretome is dependent upon the microenvironment in which they thrive, and hence, it could be altered by pre-conditioning the MSCs during in vitro culture. The primary aim of this review is to discuss various strategies

Stem cells can multiply into more cells with similar types in an undifferentiated form and differentiate into other types of cells. The great success and key essence of stem cell technology is the isolation of high-quality mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high potency, either with multipotent or pluripotent property. In this line, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are highly

BACKGROUND Given the minimal capacity and sometimes the failure of the mammalian nervous system to regenerate and repair itself after damage, strategies are required to help enhance this regenerative process. Adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are likely candidates to assist in the recovery process due to their ability to differentiate into neural cells. Successful implementation of this

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most common types of adult stem cells. While MSCs are traditionally isolated from bone marrow, over the last few years, they have also been found in many other adult tissues such as liver, cord blood, placenta, dental pulp and adipose tissue. They have been investigated as a marvelous cell source for tissue regeneration and suggested as a therapy in non-autologous

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to proliferate and convert to different types of differentiated cells that make up the various tissues and organs in the body. They exist both in embryos as pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into the three germ layers and as multipotent or unipotent stem cells in adult tissues to aid in repair and homeostasis. Perturbations in these

Avian embryos and related cell lines have found wide applications in basic and applied sciences. The embryonated egg is a great host for monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. Avian celllines derived from embryonated eggs have been used for the product ion of transgenic birds and virusinoculationin order tovaccine preparation. Hitherto, many efforts have been invested to develop efficient

BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be beneficial in treating heart failure (HF). However, the effects of stem cell therapy in patients with heart failure is an ongoing debate and the safety and efficacy of MSCs therapy is not well-known. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials that evaluated the safety and efficacy of MSCs for HF

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a leading cause of optic nerve-related permanent visual impairment among individuals of over 50 years of age after glaucoma. Because of perplexing disorder regarding its pathogenesis, there is still no widely accepted and established treatment plan. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the rare stem cell types that therapeutic agents for

Pregnancy and lactation associated osteoporosis [PLO] is a rare and special form of osteoporosis, which is poorly known with regard to its etiology, pathophysiology and therapy. However, PLO can cause vertebral compression fractures [VCFs] and height loss, which could cause the further kyphosis of the spine. Therefore PLO should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis when a woman presents

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec 2019, known as COVID-19 or 19-nCoV, has led to a major concern of the potential for not only an epidemic but a pandemic in China and now it seems to be a public health problem all over the world. The general mortality rate of the COVID-19 was about 3%. However, the mortality risk seems to be a significant increase

Advances in single cell technology and genetic mouse models have resulted in the identification of new types of haemopoietic stem cells(HSC) , resulting in baffling observations, suggesting a reconsideration of the long-held notion that all hematopoietic cells in the adult are derived from HSCs. The existence of long-lived HSC-independent hematopoiesis has led to the conclusion that despite the single

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for clinical diseases associated with inflammation and tissue damage has become a progressive treatment strategy. MSCs have unique biological functions, such as homing, immune regulation, and differentiation capabilities, which provide the prerequisites for treatment of clinical diseases. Oral diseases are often associated with abnormal immune regulation and epithelial

Tendon is a collagenous tissue to connect bone and muscle. Healing of damaged/injured tendon is the primary clinical challenge in musculoskeletal regeneration because they often react poorly to treatment. Tissue engineering (a triad strategy of scaffolds, cells and growth factors) may have the potential to improve the quality of tendon tissue healing under such impaired situations. Tendon tissue engineering

Persistent and transient mechanical loads can act as biological signals on all levels of an organism. It is therefore not surprising that most cell types can sense and respond to mechanical loads, similar to their interaction with biochemical and electrical signals. The presence or absence of mechanical forces can be an important determinant of form, function and health of many tissue types. Along

Background: Stem cells have attracted the researchers interest, due to their applications in regenerative medicine. Their self-renewal capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties make them unique to significantly contribute to tissue repair and regeneration applications. Recently, stem cells have shown increased proliferation when irradiated with low-level laser therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells, with the ability to differentiate into mesodermal (e.g., adipocyte, chondrocyte, hematopoietic, myocyte, osteoblast), ectodermal (e.g., epithelial, neural) and endodermal (e.g., hepatocyte, islet cell) lineages based on the type of induction cues provided. As compared to embryonic stem cells, MSCs hold a multitude of advantages from a clinical

At present, many kinds of materials are used for bone tissue engineering, such as polymer materials, metals, etc., which in general have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, these materials cannot be controlled artificially after implantation, which may result in poor repair performance. The appearance of the magnetic response material enables the scaffolds to have the corresponding

Recent interest in developing new regenerative medicine- and tissue engineering-based treatments has motivated researchers to develop strategies for manipulating stem cells to optimize outcomes in these potentially, game-changing treatments. Cells communicate with each other, and with their surrounding tissues and organs via electrochemical signals. These signals originate from ions passing back and

Differentiation of stem cells, a crucial step in the process of tissue development, repair and regeneration, can be regulated by a variety of mechanical factors such as the stiffness of extracellular matrix. In this review article, the effects of stiffness on the differentiation of stem cells, including bone marrow-derived stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and neural stem cells, are briefly summarized

Objective: This is a systematic review of the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on stem cell differentiation. Background Data: Recent studies have investigated several types of stem cells from different sources in the body. These stem cells should strictly be certified and promoted for cell therapies before being used in medical applications. LIPUS has been used extensively in treatment

Currently, combining stem cells [SCs] with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for the future of biomedicine and regenerative medicine [RG]. The cells need similar substrates of extra cellular matrix [ECM] for normal tissue development that signifies the importance of three dimensional [3D] scaffolds to determine cell fate. Herein, we present the great importance and also positive contributions

The E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl has been found play an important role in regulating cellular proliferation and migration. Whereas the excessive differentiation of osteoclast and/or its over expressing of resorptive functions could lead the pathological bone homeostasis by overly bone matrix degradation. Since the first time of the important role of Cbl in the regulating osteoclast differentiation (also

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal property with varying differentiation potential that allow the regeneration of tissue cells of an organism throughout adult life beginning with embryonic development. Through the asymmetric cell divisions, each stem cell replicates itself and produces an offspring identical with the mother cell, and a daughter cell that posses the characteristics

The isolation and culture of murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (mBMSCs) have attracted great interest in terms of the pre-clinical applications of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In addition, culturing mBMSCs is important for studying the molecular mechanisms of bone remodelling using relevant transgenic mice. Several factors have created challenges