Background The concept of bone tissue engineering has emerged as a novel alternative approach that comprises three essential components: osteogenic cells, osteoinductive signals and osteoconductive scaffolds. The low-speed drilling represents a useful and accessible autologous source for human alveolar bone-derived cells (hABCs). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two donor sites

Introduction Cartilage repair usually involves in non-vascularized osteochondral or chondral grafts with some drawbacks potentially linked to the lack of vascular supply in those grafts. The aim of this study was to describe a surgical approach for harvesting a vascularized chondrocostal graft, to study the vascular supply to the perichondrium and finally to describe the perichondrium micro-vascularization

Introduction Previous studies of the mandibular canal (MC) have raised questions about the structure of its superior wall that have not been answered. The goal of this anatomical and radiological study was to investigate how CBCT imaging could predict the structure of the superior wall of the MC. Methods Twenty sides from ten dry mandibles derived from six females and four males were used for this

It is a much desirable skill among physicians that clinical practice should be guided by ethical norms. The dissection room experience provides an opportunity for nurturing the principles of ethical practice among medical students early in the curriculum. When the exercise of human dissection is followed within the boundaries of ethics it effectively props an ideal example for the young minds to emulate

Background Lung alveolarization, the development of the alveoli, is disturbed in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common complication of preterm birth. Animal models based on oxygen toxicity to the developing mouse lung are used to understand the mechanisms of stunted alveolarization in BPD, and to develop new medical management strategies for affected infants. The toxicity

Background The infra-patellar fat pad (IPFP) represents a potential mediator between obesity, low grade inflammation, and knee osteoarthritis via endocrine pathways. Yet, not only in adults, but also in childhood obesity negatively impacts knee structures. Objective The current study therefore investigated the sex-specific growth of the IPFP with age and body weight in healthy children and adolescents

The chorda tympani (CT) is important in gustatory sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and in secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands. Although the blood supply to the CT is not well delineated in the literature, some studies have shown that a posterior tympanic branch of the stylomastoid artery supplies CT at its origin from the mastoid segment of the facial

Background Hot flashes (HF) caused by low estrogen in menopause result from changes in thermoregulatory processes in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA). In the POA, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) participates in heat dissipation processes. Studies suggest that TRPV1 expression may be regulated by norepinephrine (NE)-activated α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ADR) in the dorsal root ganglia

Introduction An increasing number of studies have shed light on the role of cardiac mast cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling. Mast cells promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent collagen accumulation through the action of tryptase, chymase, histamine and fibroblast growth factor-2. The aim of the present study was to report on the

Background The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) branches encountered during anterior and lateral hip approaches; although vessels’ haemostasis is suggested in surgical textbooks, literature is scarce regarding their topography. The current study defines the exact location of the LCFA and its branches, based on osseous landmarks, as well as their size and possible variants, providing helpful

Objectives The aim of this paper is to assess linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) on canines of adults from early modern Wroclaw cemeteries to compare δ13C and δ18O values in enamel formed before, during and after LEH formation, and to attempt to find a link between the selected indicators of the weaning process. Material and methods 15 permanent canines with visible LEH were selected for analysis. Age

Phoenixin (PNX) is a newly described peptide found in both neural and non-neural tissues. Until now, no attempts have been made to investigate the expression of PNX in the nervous system of animals other than laboratory rodents, in which an enzyme immunoassay revealed the highest quantity of the substance in the spinal cord. Since the domestic pig, due to its anatomical and histological resemblance

Background Visualizing the lymphatic system and recording the spatial relations between the subclavian lymphatic trunk (SLT) and the surrounding anatomical structures will improve radiotherapy treatment planning for breast cancer patients with lymphatic involvement. An experimental approach to retrogradely fill the SLT with contrast agent was explored. Methods Six Thiel embalmed specimens were bilaterally

Purpose Today, ultrasound-guided peripheral endovascular interventions have the potential to be an alternative to conventional interventions that are still X-ray and contrast agent based. For the further development of this approach, a research environment is needed that represents the individual patient-specific endovascular properties as realistically as possible. Aim of the project was the construction

Purpose Fractures of the calcaneus are reported most commonly in the tarsal region. Their incidence is highest among active people in productive age. As such, optimal treatment can have vast implications for patients. The study aimed to compare calcaneal proportions of the Czech population in the last centuries to present day, for a precise choice and positioning of the osteosynthetic material, and

Introduction Peptic ulcers account for 50% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidents. Bleedings from large vessels, such as the gastroduodenal artery, are associated with increased mortality. Ulcers located on the posterior wall of the duodenum show the highest risk for erosion of the gastroduodenal artery. Endoscopic management is challenging and rebleeding rates are high due to internal and external

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the six different parts of the interosseous membrane (IOM) in 11 human cadaver forearms, including the distal oblique bundle (DOB), the distal accessory band (DAB), the central band (CB), the proximal accessory band (PAB), the dorsal oblique accessory cord (DOAC), and the proximal oblique cord (POC). Hematoxylin–eosin and Elastica van Gieson stained

Background Pulleys are crucial to convert flexor tendon excursion into angular motion at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Loss of pulley function can lead to significant impairment of hand function and may require surgical reconstruction. This reconstruction can be achieved using different flexor tendons grafts, such as the intrasynovial flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) or the

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels with ubiquitous expression. Various TRP channels are functionally active at the ocular surface and are involved in tear secretion and multiple inflammatory processes. So far, the impact of TRP channels regarding the development of the lacrimal gland (LG) is unclear. While investigating TRP channels in the LG, the TRPM3 channel presented

The temporal bone has the most sophisticated anatomy of the whole skeleton. Its study is a challenge for students and surgeons. An inverse model of the visually obscured cavities and canals can facilitate better three-dimensional orientation and investigation. This can be made by means of corrosion casting, which is an established technique first documented on the temporal bone at the beginning of

Introduction Pain of the lower back is a frequent symptom and is treated by different health professions. Anatomical as well as clinical knowledge is utmost important for all professions involved in this field. Here, we present a model that brings together an interprofessional team of experts to teach functional and clinical anatomy of the lower spine and hip area to medical and physical therapy students

PURPOSE To identify the body surface position and depth of the center of the intramuscular nerves dense region (CINDR) of the medial femoral muscles. METHODS Utilizing twelve Chinese adult cadavers (six men and six women), with an age range from 35 to 75 (66.5±5.4) years, the body surface curves between the greater trochanter of the femur and the pubic tubercle and lateral femoral epicondyle were designated

PURPOSE To review the scientific evidence regarding the marginal bone loss around the tissue-level and bone-level implants. METHODS MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for the relevant English articles (up to February 2019) assessing the marginal bone loss (MBL) as the primary outcome. To be selected, studies were supposed to directly mention "tissue-level" and "bone-level" implants or

Background Modern surgeries have advanced toward personalized minimal-invasive treatments with a high rate of clinical healing that facilitates the regeneration of tissues. One of the leading approaches to deliver endogenous plasma- and platelet-derived growth factors is the plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). This narrative review determines the effects of using PRGF in different oral surgical procedures

Background Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are the mammalian orthologs of Drosophila melanogaster protein Toll, which has been proved to have an early morphogenetic role in invertebrate embryogenesis that in the adult switches to an immune function. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 during dorsal

OBJECTIVE Biomaterial can be locally applied to promote the osseointegration of dental implants. This study aimed to fabricate an osteogenic inducer (OI) sustained-release system and to evaluate its effects on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts on titanium surfaces. METHODS First of all, different contents of OI solution were added to the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)

OBJECTIVES To explore whether placement of a soft cortical membrane can restore and regenerate the original alveolar ridge contour in deficient sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS One Beagle dog was used in this proof-of-principle evaluation. In a first intervention, a standardized buccal dehiscence defect was artificially created at the distal roots of the 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars. Four weeks later

GOAL The location and anatomical relationships of the superior oblique muscle make surgical intervention difficult. The aim of the present paper was therefore to supplement existing anatomical descriptions of this muscle. Its anatomical variability is particularly emphasized, including variations in muscle and tendon size and details of the innervation pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted

INTRODUCTION The formative years in academia are difficult for early career academics as they transition into their new roles in teaching and research. Ubiquitous changes in health sciences education have compounded this transition for early career anatomists (ECA), who must balance curriculum transformations, research imperatives and administrative responsibilities as they navigate their transition

INTRODUCTION Numerous variations are characteristic for hand anatomy. Although a lot of work has been done in the field, a detailed description of the branches of the radial artery is still missing. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and diameter of the accessory artery, which can be found running on the dorsal surface of the interosseus dorsalis primus muscle, to deliver the detailed

PURPOSE Endovascular interventions have become standard procedures for the therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Therefore, endovascular surgeons need special skills which have to be learned and trained. Additionally, authentic simulators are needed for further development of new endovascular devices and procedures. The aim of this project was to develop an authentic and modular endovascular simulation

Mini dental implants (MDI) have proven to be a good alternative of the conventional implants to support lower overdentures in elderly edentulous patients with narrow residual ridge. The aim of the present study was to define drilling protocols for each diameter of the MDI in each bone quality. The number and the diameter of the drilling bur and the drilling depth was investigated. A total of 48 MDIs

BACKGROUND The classical anatomical representation of the lingual relief of the mental region of the mandible reflects the presence of geniohyoid as well as genioglossus attachment areas, which are divided into two or single areas. The International Anatomical Terminology (contains references to the presence of upper and lower spinae mentales, but the terminology does not reflect the content of these

PURPOSE The endocannabionoid signaling system has been demonstrated to be present in the skeleton, with involvement in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis. However, investigations substantiating these findings in cranial and alveolar bones are missing to date. The aim of our study was to investigate a potential impact of the endocannabinoid system on cranial and alveolar bone structures and phenotypes

This article reports a clinical case of an 8-year-old boy who sustained avulsion of the maxillary right central incisor and the maxillary left lateral incisor. The avulsed teeth were kept in adverse extraoral dry conditions for 1 h from the moment of trauma until their replantation. The prognosis of tooth replantation is dependent on multiple factors such as methods of teeth storage in vitro, endodontic

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the mandibular lingual foramina (LF) using computed tomographic imaging data from a large Central European cohort, focusing on the most relevant anatomical parameters. We aimed to examine whether there are differences in key parameters between ethnic groups, or based on age and gender. Additionally, we analyze the potential effect of tooth loss on the LF and discuss risk

PURPOSE Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell cultures are classically maintained in serum-containing media. However, unwanted side-effects of these conditions on cellular and molecular characteristics demand a serum-free alternative. Even though these limitations are well known and efforts for the development of adequate serum-free alternatives have been made, these approaches for replacement remained unsuccessful

BACKGROUND The anatomy of soft tissues around dental implants is extremely important to prevent inflammatory periimplant diseases and ensure healthy, stable and long-term survival of a dental implant. Various methods and materials for increasing the physiological thickness of tissues have been described including connective tissue graft (CTG) and xenogenic collagen matrix (XCM). While assessing various

Purpose The plantaris muscle (PM) is typically characterized by a short, slim and spindle-shaped muscle belly and long, thin tendon. It is situated posterior to the popliteal muscle, and anterior to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM). Little information exists regarding the high variability of origin of the PM. The main aim of the study was hence to characterize the morphology of the

PURPOSE To identify anatomical differences in the deltoid tuberosity of Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes, potentially relating to the different uses of the forelimb in these two phylogenetically related species. BASIC PROCEDURES We have used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) to analyze the deltoid tuberosity of scanned humeri from 30 H. sapiens and 27 P. troglodytes. We also used the

Limited gross anatomical information about the muscles of fins, in particular those of the median fins, creates substantial gaps in the comparative anatomy, homologies, and evolution of these muscles across fishes. The scarcity of data also makes it difficult to interpret results obtained in developmental studies done in model organisms, such as zebrafish. To overcome these gaps, we provide descriptions

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is an important reproductive health issue defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation, affecting 2-5% of couples. This study aimed to evaluate the volume, number of cells, and length of the vessels in the placenta in normal and abortion-prone (AP) pregnant mice on gestational day (gd) 13.5. Fetal and placental tissues

PURPOSE The plantaris muscle is a morphologically variable structure with regard to both its origin and insertion, and the course of the tendon. We here determined the pattern of branching and distribution of intramuscular nerves of the plantaris muscle to determine its usability for autologous transplantation. No information exists on the innervation of the plantaris muscle using Sihler's staining

BACKGROUND Plasma of argon was demonstrated to improve protein and cell adhesion on implant surface. On the other hand, increased surface energy and hydrophilicity could potentially amplify the risks of implant surface contamination during clinical phases, risks that have not yet been evaluated in Literature. The aim of the present in vitro study was to verify if Plasma treatment could alter the implant

INTRODUCTION Growth hormone and prolactin secretion is affected by thyroid hormones. To see if this influence is subsidiary to the hyptothalamus, we investigated the effects of thyroxin (T4) on hormone secretion and histology of sellar pituitaries and pituitary grafts detached from the hypothalamus (autografted or allografted under the kidney capsule). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided

PURPOSE Most organs of the human body are supplied with a dense network of blood and lymphatic vessels. However, some tissues are either hypovascular or completely devoid of vessels for proper function, such as the ocular tissues sclera and cornea, cartilage and tendons. Since many pathological conditions are affecting the human sclera, this review is focussing on the lymphangiogenic and hemangiogenic

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Daidzein application may represent an effective and less harmful alternative to indicated, classical estrogenization of ageing men. The aim of this study was to perform structural and hormonal analysis of the adrenal cortex, after estradiol or daidzein supplementation in a rat model of the andropause. MATERIAL AND METHODS Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into sham operated

Acute dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint (AC-joint) often leads to disruption of the "deltotrapezoid fascia", a common aponeurosis of the deltoid and the trapezoid muscles. Various studies demonstrated that its reconstruction is crucial for functional recovery. Textbooks of anatomy, however, fail to mention this prominent structure that is also not listed in the Terminologia Anatomica provided

Developmentally, the uncinate process of the pancreas is derived from the ventral pancreatic anlagen, supplied by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and contains pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-rich islets of Langerhans. In contrast, the other parts of the pancreas originate from the dorsal anlagen supplied by the celiac system and contain PP-poor islets. This study was performed to investigate whether

Body donation has far-reaching significance for modern medical research and education. However, body donation in China lags far behind the demand. To assess the perception and attitude toward body donation, a survey of 2535 community residents was conducted in Changsha. The result showed that 89.5% of the respondents have heard about body donation through different sources, such as public media, medical

BACKGROUND Most animals and organs have regenerative capabilities. Whether regeneration is a developmental process or a distinct phenomenon that is independent of development is debatable. METHOD We examined the differences between developing and regenerating salivary glands using duct-ligation models. We performed morphological analyses comparing submandibular gland regeneration and development. To

INTRODUCTION The vermian fossa (VF1) is a small midline depression at the inferior end of the internal occipital crest (IOC2) near the foramen magnum. This study aims to accurately define the usual arrangement ("the norm") of the inferior end of the internal occipital crest, to determine the prevalence and dimensions of the VF in Central European population, and to state a possible correlation of the

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomical, histological, and biomechanical aspects of the Achilles tendon. METHODS A comprehensive search on the relevant aspects of the Achilles tendon was performed through the main electronic databases up to October 2019. Data from relevant articles was gathered, analyzed, and included in this review. RESULTS This review

After the intracranial venous-drainage route is switched from the vena capitis prima (VCP) to the transverse sinus, the cavernous sinus is considered to develop from a connecting part of the VCP with the ophthalmic vein (OPV). Observations of histological sections from 12 embryos and 47 fetuses (6-35 weeks) demonstrated that (1) at six weeks, a major tributary of the VCP ran inferiorly in the plica

Numerous data show that the chemosensory system seems to be modulated by changes in the circulating levels of different molecules such as ghrelin, orexin, leptin, NPY, CCK. The chemosensory system of the zebrafish is represented by the taste buds (skin, oral and oropharyngeal), the olfactory rosette and the solitary chemosensorial cells (SCCs). The purpose of our study was to analyze the distribution

INTRODUCTION There are discrepancies regarding the anatomy of the foot which complicate standardizing foot compartment treatment. We synthesized the existing evidence regarding the compartmental anatomy of the foot MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed evaluating the anatomy of the foot compartments in non-pathologic specimens. The search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus