Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways and the prevalence of AR is increasing worldwide. In this study we investigated an ovalbumin-induced AR mice model were established to examine the anti-allergic, anti-inflammation properties of mangiferin. Mangiferin is a xanthone present in significant levels in higher plants and mango. It possesses several health endorsing properties

Among the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a predominant public health issue, affecting 16 million people around the world. It is clinically manifested by the presence of amyloid plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) within the brain. Due to the intraneuronal processing, Aβ interacts with cellular targets such as mitochondria, ER and Golgi apparatus and hamper their normal

The anticancer activity of malvidin was studied in Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced solid and ascitic tumor mice models. Malvidin is a natural compound belonging to the family of O-methylated anthocyanidin and plays a predominant role in regulating both short- and long-term cellular activities. Animals were injected with DLA cells (1.5 × 106 cells/animal) to induce solid and ascitic tumors.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable ailment, in which may chronic inflammations/ulcerations may develop in the mucosal lining of the colon with multiple recurrences. Various drugs such as steroids, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics are extensively used to treat UC. The patients suffer from adverse effects of these advanced drugs. So, they need a harmless therapeutic agent from natural sources

Asthma is marked by chronic irritation in the airway lumen of the lungs due to the accretion of inflammatory cells that influence the regular inhalation process. An extended buildup of inflammation leads to oxidative pressure and the repression of antioxidant functions. In the current study, a potential compound, boldine, was tested for the containment of provocative markers along the path of antiasthmatic

Acute and chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human health have long been a concern. It is well known that acute UVR causes epidermal hyperplasia, erythema, delayed tanning, pigment darkening, and free-radical formation. Apart from acute effects of UVR, its chronic effects involve immunosuppression, photoaging, exacerbation, photodermatoses, and photocarcinogenesis. To protect skin from

Asthma is a chronic, serious allergic inflammatory disease in the airway. The inflammation in the airway is induced by the allergic T-helper 2 cells (Th2 cells), which leads to unfettered production of inflammatory cytokines. The accretion of inflammatory cells in the airway also speeds up the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppresses antioxidative processes. Hence, the present work

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in cancer initiation and evolution, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) exerts important functions in multiple cancers; however, the specific modulatory mechanism in CRC demands in-depth exploration. The expression levels of NEAT1, microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p), and centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55)

Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma is considered to be the third leading cause of death among all other cancers. The rate of liver cancer occurrence is high, and the rate of recovery is low. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of vicenin-2 against the diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinoma in experimental rats. Diethylnitrosamine was widely employed as a carcinogenic agent

Biofilms are a collective of multiple types of bacteria that develop on a variety of surfaces. Biofilm development results in heightened resistance to antibiotics. Quorum sensing plays an important role in biofilm development as it is one of the common communication mechanisms within cells, which balances and stabilizes the environment, when the amount of bacteria increases. Because of the important

Lung carcinogenesis is one of the main sources of cancer-related mortality globally and it is estimated that nearly 1 million people die from it every year. The 5-year survival rate of lung carcinogenesis is reported at just 15%. The aim of the current research was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of eriocitrin against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a) P]-induced lung tumorigenesis in Swiss albino mice

Heavy-metal toxicity imposes a potential worldwide threat to the environment and humans. Cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic are nonessential toxic heavy metals that are most frequently involved in environmental and health hazards. Conventional chelating agents are unsuitable for subchronic and chronic heavy-metal toxicities. Scientific literature reveals that Spirulina (Arthrospira), a photosynthetic

This review delineates the potential of naturally occurring substances for coronary artery disease (CAD), mainly coronary ischemia and its management, with their active constituents and probable mechanisms of action. As per the WHO, statistical incidence of CAD has increased in several countries. The number of coronary events worldwide has been increasing, and may increase even more in the near future

Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 conveys an anticancer effect, but little is known regarding its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aims to determine the anticancer effect of EGb761 on HCC cell lines and clarify the underlying molecular mechanism. We explore biological functions of EGb761 in HCC using morphological observation, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

We have proven that naringin, a phytonutrient, diminishes oxidative damage and inflammatory responses by modulating PPAR-γ expressions in ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB)-induced NIH-3T3 cells. However, the role of naringin against DNA damage, photoaging, and apoptosis in NIH-3T3 cells has yet to be studied, necessitating investigation. We show that Naringin pretreatment significantly reduces UVB-induced

Oxidative stress and inflammation are regarded as prime reasons for the progression and development of diabetic retinopathy. Currently, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways are under increasing focus in research on oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases. On the other hand, tilianin (TN) has received much

Helicobacter pylori causes a Gram-negative bacterial infection that can increase the risk of gastric cancer. Consequently, meticulous prevention of an H. pylori infection is significant for averting gastric cancer in humans. Nobiletin, an important dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid in citrus fruits, possesses multidimensional pharmaceutical properties, including its ability to act as an anticancer

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that develops and progresses in the arterial wall in response to a variety of stimuli. Among various other stimuli, hyperlipidemia is an extremely important factor that is correlated with the development of atherosclerosis. Lemon and citrus fruits contain various bioactive flavonoids, such as eriocitrin, that prevent obesity and related metabolic diseases

The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-breast cancer activity of the plant I. turpethum together with the comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity of the extracts from different parts of the plant. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the plant revealed the identification of 71 compounds. The cytotoxicity of the extracts from different parts (whole, aerial, and

Colon cancer (CC) is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer patient's death worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various cellular processes, and many of them are shown as significant prognosis biomarkers of malignant tumors. In the present study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs between

Diabetes and tobacco use are two of the largest public health challenges of our time. We aim to investigate the association between the two by comparing biochemical profiles of diabetic tobacco users (TUs) and tobacco nonus-ers (TNUs) to provide insight into the joint effect of tobacco and diabetes on body systems. This case-controlled study included 265 subjects, aged 18-60 yr, from the suburban population

Breast cancer is a widespread disease that affects women globally. Diagnostic processes and remedial approaches to breast carcinogenesis have improved in recent decades, but continuous survival of patients with breast carcinogenesis is still lacking due to increased cell proliferation. The aim of the present work is to explore the anticell proliferative effects of nobiletin (NOB) against 7,12-dime

Glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have critical roles in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Dizocilpine (MK-801) is a ligand at phencyclidine recognition sites that is associated with NMDA receptor-coupled cation channels, where it acts as a potent noncompetitive antagonist of central glutamate receptors. In this study, we investigate the effect of clozapine on MK-801-induced

Psoriasis is an autoregulated immune and inflammation-based skin disease affecting approximately 3-4% of the worldwide population. Pinitol, conservatively used in ayurvedic medicine, has been shown to disclose an antiinflammatory effect, hold back the T-helper cells, and postpone cardiovascular diseases. In the present study we aimed to reveal the effect of D-pinitol on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like

Certain mechanical stimuli-particularly low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration-could induce bone marrow stem cell osteogenic differentiation and promote bone formation via Wnt signaling pathway, although the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-335-5p is significantly upregulated after low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration, which suppresses the expression of the

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used phthalate. DEHP is highly used in PVC floorings and PVC windows and carpeting. The objective of this study was to determine sex hormone levels, oxidative stress parameters, selenium levels, DNA damage, and phthalate levels in plastics workers (n = 24, age = 20-58 years) working in the production of rubber mechanical goods and exposed to DEHP

Fucoxanthin, a potent carotenoid present in various natural sources especially from seaweeds; it exhibits several biological effects like anti-neoplastic, anti-mutagenic, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory actions. Fucoxanthin role in chemoprevention of lung cancer in mouse model induced using benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] has been presented here. Oral administration of fucoxanthin with and

Asthma has affected more than 300 million people worldwide and is considered one of the most debilitating global public health problems based on a recent statistical report from the Global Initiative for Asthma. Inflammation of the airways leads to the various interrelated mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity acting mutually with the epithelium of the respiratory organ. Fucoxanthin is an orange

BACKGROUND Natural active components have been reported to serve as adjuvant medications in the clinical practice of cancer therapeutics. However, the antineoplastic roles of atractylenolide III (ATL) are rarely reported. In the present study, we assessed the functions of ATL combined with docetaxel in gastric cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability and cytotoxic activity were evaluated using CCK-8 and

Artemisia vulgaris is a traditional Chinese herb believed to have a wide range of healing properties; it is traditionally used to treat numerous health ailments. The plant is commonly called mugwort or riverside wormwood. The plant is edible, and in addition to its medicinal properties, it is also used as a culinary herb in Asian cooking in the form of a vegetable or in soup. The plant has garnered

UNCI 19 expression has been reported to be significantly higher in hepatic cancer cells (HCC). However, the clinical significance of modulating UNC119 expression in HCC is not well understood. The study described here aimed to explore the potential of curcumin in modulation of UNC119 expression in HCC by assessment with quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immune-histochemical analyses in

In our current study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous seed extract of Nigella sativa. The seed extract contains phytochemical compounds including phenols, terpenoids, and flavonoids that may act as reducing agents and are able to convert metal ions to metal nanoparticles. The formation of synthesized AgNPs was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform

In the present study, we investigated the effects of conditioned media (CM) collected from the cancer cell lines (K562, MCF-7, and HeLa) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the healthy human blood. The soluble factors in the CM are probably responsible for the differential mRNA expressions of Foxp3, Helios, Neuropilin- 1 (NRP-1), and glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP)

Donor blood is usually screened for some risk factors, such as hepatitis, HIV, and malarial parasites, but it is not routinely screened for heavy metals although their adverse effects on the human body have been proved by a number of studies. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of smoking on concentration of cadmium, nickel, and lead in donor blood. A semistructured questionnaire

Chemobrain is a significant post-chemotherapy complication for which no approved treatments are available. We had previously identified that rutin inhibits doxorubicin (Dox-) -induced cognitive decline in healthy rats. However, it was important to also establish that it does so in rats with mammary carcinoma without compromising Dox's antitumor potential. Mammary carcinoma was induced in female rats

The current study evaluated the cardioprotective activity of genistein in cases of doxorubicin-(Dox) induced cardiac toxicity and a probable mechanism underlying this protection, such as an antioxidant pathway in cardiac tissues. Animals used in this study were categorized into four groups. The first group was treated with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (0.3%; CMC-Na) solution. The second group received

The current study is a review of the literature on patients with diabetes who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), encompassing recent research on CRC and the molecular level changes occurring in these patients on the basis of varying environmental as well as non-environmental factors. It has been noted that nearly 50% of all patients undergo the systemic treatment module; however, most of them

BACKGROUND/AIMS LncRNAs are significant regulators in multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, lncRNA ANRIL has been reported to be elevated during multiple cancer types, exhibiting oncogenic roles. However, the exact biological mechanism of ANRIL is still poorly understood in HCC. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were utilized to

BACKGROUND Urolithiasis is the most common renal system pathology; it affects the health of a many people. Because urolithiasis leads to severe pain, it influences the patient in many aspects. The management of urolithiasis is essential. Herein, we discuss the limitations of the management of urolithiasis with conventional drugs and the possibilities of using natural or herbal pharmacologically active

The search for a nontoxic radioprotector has not yielded any promising results. Many antioxidant compounds, though effective under in vitro conditions as radioprotectors, have failed under in vivo settings due to their toxicity. The Indian medical system of Ayurveda uses a variety of plants with antioxidant potential, and these may be harboring molecules with radioprotective properties. In the present

The risk of cancer development in offspring due to carcinogen exposure during pregnancy is a serious issue. In this study, we explored the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and microRNA-21 (miR-21) in transplacental lung tumorigenesis and its prevention by dietary compound inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in F1 mice. Balb/c mice were exposed to the N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea

The Notch signaling pathway is a mechanism that plays a role in the determination of cell fate during cell development. Signals between neighbor cells are amplified through the Notch receptors. Notch activity is related to general growth stages such as organogenesis and morphogenesis and has effects on cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Lung cancer associated with degradation

The eukaryotic cell cycle via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been considered as an effective signaling cascade pathway for anticancer therapy. In addition to the MAPK signaling pathway, the Rat Sarcoma Virus (Ras)/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (Raf)/MAPK-ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a signaling cascade that has a crucial role to play in cell

In this study, we aimed at assessing the therapeutical potential of 6-gingerol ([5S]-5-hydroxy-1-[4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl]-3-decanone) against ovalbumin-sensitized asthma in rats. The rats were treated intraperitoneally with 6-gingerol (75 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days and a theophylline (200 mg/kg body weight)-treated group as a control. Changes in the levels of T-cell-linked cytokines (interleukin-4

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The increased pathogenesis of UC leads to a series of complications. We aimed to analyze the anticolitic effect of daidzein (DA) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and in activated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Thirty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into

Microsatellite instability (MSI) implies the deletion of mismatch repair genes caused by DNA methylation or gene mutation. MSI is a good predictor for efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Some gastric cancer studies have reported that MSI has no apparent impact on prognosis after patients receive 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. However, other studies

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of cellular differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis as well as a front-line therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The present study provides evidence that induction of autophagy is required for ATRA to induce differentiation of APL (NB4) cells into granulocytes. ATRA treatment causes ~12-fold increase in the number of acidic vesicular

Liver cancer is the fifth commonly occurring cancer worldwide with the annual death rate of 9.1%. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent kind of primary liver cancer and occurs mostly in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Because the cancer is generally detected only in the later stages, it is often treated with therapies such as radiation, ablation, and chemotherapy, which produces

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that not only impart coloration to plants and fruits, but also protect plants from pathogens, radiation, etc. They serve as a nutrient to plants and possess immense anti-oxidant properties. Research has shown that they exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties in both in vitro and in vivo analyses. Luteolin is one such flavonoid belongs

Cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells, is a major disease that threatens the worldwide population. Among all cancer types, lung cancer has the highest morbidity rate, with a survival rate of less than 5%. Various studies have focused on discovering a potent anticancer drug that will increase the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Lutein (3,3'-dihydroxy-β, ε-carotene), a carotenoid present in

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment is one of the major causes of the enhanced chemoresistant and radioresistant behavior of cancer cells. Therefore, the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) pathway can be endorsed, for not only the malignant phenotype of the cells, but also its metastatic potential. Many drugs targeting the HIF pathways have failed in the clinical setting to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a lung carcinogen and its complete mechanism of action remains to be investigated. Metabolic reprogramming of key energy metabolism pathways (e.g., increased anaerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen or "Warburg effect", dysregulated mitochondrial function, and lipogenesis) are important to cancer cell and tumor survival and growth. In our current understanding

Induced pluripotent stem cells (also called iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed by overexpressing four nuclear transcriptional factors containing Sox2, Klf4, c-myc and Oct4 is the one of research hotspots. Its pluripotency, self-renewal capacity and wide accessibility to donor tissues have made possible the means for modified regenerative medicine. They are considered a possible basis of healthy

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is an organosulfur compound derived mainly from garlic and genus Allium plants, which possess diverse biological properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiarthritic activity of DADS in rats with arthritis induced using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). DADS (20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was administered and tested against CFA-induced arthritic rats by assessing

The protective efficacy of methanolic bark extract of Acacia catechu Willd. (MEBA) against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon toxicity was investigated. Acacia catechu is considered one of the most potent medicines for various diseases in Ayurveda, a traditional system of Indian medicine. It is a widely used herb that contains a variety of bioactive components such as phenolic acids, alkaloids

At nanoscale, man-made materials may show unique properties that differ from bulk and dissolved counterparts. The unique properties of engineered nanomaterials not only impart critical advantages but also confer toxicity because of their unwanted interactions with different biological compartments and cellular processes. In this review, we discuss various entry routes of nanomaterials in the human

Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): p38, extracellular signal regulated (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases in human skin cells. Human keratinocytes (KC) exposed to UVB secrete several cytokines (CK), among which the growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is augmented in inflammatory and aging processes and the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating

Chronic atrophic gastritis is a generally asymptomatic condition of great importance because it develops into gastric cancer in a number of patients. It is described as an atrophy of the gastric mucosa. There are two types of atrophic gastritis: a gastric body predominant type in patients with infection of Helicobacter pylori, and an autoimmune type, limited to the gastric body and fundus. The autoimmune

Cancer is a disease resulting from the deregulation of cell growth control, caused by an interaction between dietary, genetic, and environmental risk factors. Melanoma accounts for about 4% of cancers diagnosed; however they represent 75% of skin cancer-related deaths, with the incidence and death rates having increased globally over the past few decades. Spondias cytherea is a plant from the family

Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most debilitating, chronic, and often irreversible disorders of the brain and have gained a widespread attention of researchers. Since current therapeutics seem to be inadequate treatment of these disorders, scientists are exploring their options with herbal drugs. This review discusses herbal constituents with the potential to treat neurological disorders