The genetic diversity of the BoLA‐DRB3 gene has been reported in different cattle breeds owing to its central role in the immune response. However, it is still unknown in hundreds of cattle breeds, especially native populations. Here, we studied BoLA‐DRB3 genetic diversity in Highland Creole cattle (CrAl) from Western Bolivia, raised at altitudes between 3,800 and 4,200 m. DNAs from 48 CrAl cattle

Most patients with celiac disease are positive for either HLA‐DQA1*05:01‐DQB1*02 (DQ2.5) or DQA1*03:01‐DQB1*03:02 (DQ8). Remaining few patients are usually DQA1*02:01‐DQB1*02 (DQ2.2) carriers. Screenings of populations with high frequencies of these HLA‐DQA1‐DQB1 haplotypes report a 1‐3% celiac disease prevalence. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HLA‐DQ risk haplotypes for celiac disease

In solid organ transplantation (SOT), the clinical relevance of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) directed at anti‐HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DR and ‐DQ antigens is largely recognized while it is still a matter of debate for DSA directed at HLA‐C. In this review, we summarize the peculiarities of HLA‐C among class I HLA antigens as well as their immunogenicity, which underlie the clinical relevance of HLA‐C locus and

Genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐A*24:02:61 was identified by group‐specific sequencing in a Chinese individual.

One nucleotide substitution at codon 114 of HLA‐B*40:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*40:33.

DRB1*11:23:02 differs from DRB1*11:23:01 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 357 in exon 2 from G to A.

Antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) represents a major cause of late allograft loss in solid organ transplantation worldwide. This process is driven by donor‐specific antibodies (DSA), which develop either de‐novo or, in sensitized patients, are preformed at the time of transplantation. Effective targeting of ABMR has been hampered by a lack of robust randomized controlled trials (RCT), required for

HLA‐A*11:263 on the haplotype HLA‐A*11:263‐C*03:04:01‐B*13:01.

A new HLA‐B*39:168 was characterized in a Caucasian Spanish individual.

HLA‐C*16:173 differs from HLA‐C*16:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 36 in exon 2.

Two novel HLA alleles DRB1*11:261 and DRB1*13:286 have nonsynonymous mutations in exon 2.

HLA‐DQB1*06:371 differs from HLA‐DQB1*06:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 46 in exon 2.

Novel allele, DPB1*1049:01, is a one nucleotide variant of DPB1*03:01:01:01

Characterization of two new DQB1 alleles by the next‐generation sequencing

Eplets are defined as distinct amino acid configurations on the surface of HLA molecules. The aim of this study was to estimate the immunogenicity of HLA‐DQ eplets in a cohort of 221 pregnancies with HLA‐DQ mismatches. We defined the immunogenicity of an eplet by the frequency of antibody responses against it. Around 90% of all listed DQB1 or DQA1 eplets were at least 5 times mismatched and thus included

Genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐B*44:127 was identified in a Chinese individual by sequence‐based typing.

HLA‐B*35:01:64 differs from HLA‐B*35:01:01:01 in codon 58 in exon 2.

HLA‐A*01:353 differs from A*01:01:01:01 by a mutation at nucleotide 728.

One nucleotide substitution in codon 307 of HLA‐A*33:03:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐A*33:146.

Characterization of two novel HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01 variants, HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:38 and ‐DPA1*01:03:01:39.

Genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐B*40:01:43 was identified by group‐specific sequencing in a Chinese individual.

Identification of the novel HLA‐B*15:555 allele that differs from HLA‐B*15:17:01 at one position in exon 2.

B*18:181 differs from B*18:01:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution at position 1043 in exon 6.

Fifteen novel HLA alleles in the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, DRB1, and DQB1 loci were described.

B*15:474 differs from B*15:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 923 in exon 5.

DQB1*03:400N differs from DQB1*03:01:01:03 by one nucleotide insertion at position 535 in exon 3.

DRB1*01:106 differs from DRB1*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 355 in exon 2.

In this report we describe the characterization of a novel null HLA‐DQB1 allele, detected by polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐based typing but not by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The new allele, HLA‐DQB1*06:379N, was discovered in an Italian patient with acute myeloid leukemia and also in one of her healthy siblings. The new allele is largely homologous to DQB1*06:02:01:01 with a T deletion

C*07:841 differs from C*07:06:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 845 in exon 4.

B*15:547 differs from B*15:01:01:04 by one nucleotide substitution at position 1051 in exon 7.

DRB1*11:260 differs from DRB1*11:03:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 484 in exon 3.

DQB1*05:176 differs from DQB1*05:01:01:03 by one nucleotide substitution at position 184 in exon 2.

A*29:141 differs from A*29:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 275 in exon 2.

DQB1*06:352 differs from DQB1*06:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 668 in exon 4.

This study aims to compare the immunogenicity of fresh decellularized with cryopreserved native heart valve allografts to identify potential immunological risks in subsequent organ transplantations. We measured the induction of allogeneic HLA class I and II specific antibodies and characterized donor‐specific antibodies by Luminex‐based single beads assay in both groups. Serum samples were collected

HLA‐C*15:219 differs from HLA‐C*15:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 17 in exon 1.

HLA‐A*02:941 has one synonymous nucleotide change from HLA‐A*02:07:01 at nucleotide 292.

HLA‐A*30:171 differs from HLA‐A*30:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 821 in exon 4.

The aim was to compare extended HLA‐class II genes in children with T1D, CD, and in a subgroup with both diseases (T1D w/CD) for differences and shared polymorphisms.

The anti‐HLA antibody detection has been improved in sensitivity and specificity with solid‐phase antigen bead (SAB) assays based on Luminex. However, false positive results due to denatured HLA may arise after single antigen test. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the two Luminex technology‐based anti‐HLA detection kits available in the market in revealing undesired anti‐HLA

Identification of the novel HLA‐A*01:01:01:53 allele that differs from HLA‐A*01:01:01:01 at four positions in intron 1.

The novel C*07:37:01:01 was completely sequenced after haplo‐specific amplification from a European Caucasoid carrying B*07:02

Identification of the novel HLA‐B*15:554 allele that differs from HLA‐B*15:01:01 at one position in exon 3.

Bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region contains many genes. The bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)‐DRB3 was reportedly associated with susceptibility of various phenotypes of infections including bovine leukemia virus‐induced lymphoma. However, the association of the remaining genes with various phenotypes has not been clarified due to the complicated genomic structure of the MHC

HLA‐A*11:362 has single nucleotide substitution at position 53G > C when compared to HLA‐A*11:01:01:01.

One nucleotide substitution in codon 87 of HLA‐B*44:03:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*44:493.

Identification of the novel HLA‐DQB1*06:02:44 allele that differs from HLA‐DQB1*06:02:01 at one position in exon 2.

HLA‐A*02:406 was initially identified in a volunteer donor for China Marrow Donor Program.

C*08:190 differs from C*08:01:01:01 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 503 in exon 3 from A to G.

The novel allele HLA‐B*35:481 differs from HLA‐B*35:05:01 by two nucleotide substitution in exon 3

Nucleotide sequence of HLA‐A*26:206N differs from HLA‐A*26:01:01 at genomic position g.1183 G>A.

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been associated with renal function, but previous studies report contradictory findings. There has been a lack of research into how HLA affects renal function in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people in the UK, despite BAME people being disproportionately affected by renal dysfunction. This study included >27 000 UK Biobank subjects of six ethnicities (>12 100

Identification of four new HLA‐DPB1 alleles, DPB1*02:01:57, *17:01:04, *1117:01, *1124:01.

HLA‐A*02:01:175 has a single synonymous nucleotide polymorphism when compared with HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 [c165.G>C].

One nucleotide substitution in codon 81 of HLA‐C*03:04:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐C*03:04:37.

The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex of class II molecules (ncMHCII) HLA‐DM (DM) and HLA‐DO (DO) feature essential functions for the selection of the peptides that are displayed by classical MHCII proteins (MHCII) for CD4+ Th cell surveillance. Thus, although the binding groove of classical MHCII dictates the main features of the peptides displayed, ncMHCII function defines the preferential

HLA‐A*02:411 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 at nucleotides 770 and 771, where Threonine (T) replaces Isoleucine (I) at residue 233.

HLA‐A*31:72 has one nucleotide change from HLA‐A*31:01:02:01, where histidine (188) is changed to arginine.

HLA‐B*52:100 differs from HLA‐B*52:01:01:01 by one nucleotide at position 858 in exon 4.

A novel variant of HLA‐C*03:04:01:47 was identified using Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencing platform.