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Organismal Superposition Problem and Nihilist Challenge in the Definition of Death Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Piotr Grzegorz Nowak
ABSTRACT: According to the mainstream bioethical stance, death constitutes the termination of an organism. This essay argues that such an understanding of death is inappropriate in the usual context of determining death, since it also has a social bearing. There are two reasons to justify this argument. First, the mainstream bioethical definition generates an organismal superposition challenge, according
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Organismal Superposition and Death Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Michael Nair-Collins
ABSTRACT: Organismal superposition holds that the same individual both is and is not an organism, as a consequence of organismal pluralism. When coupled with the assumption that death is the cessation of an organism, this entails that there is no unique answer as to whether brain death is biological death. This essay argues that concerns about organismal pluralism and superposition do not undermine
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"Inherently Limited by Our Imaginations": Health Anxieties, Politics, and the History of the Climate Crisis Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 David Shumway Jones
ABSTRACT: As global warming became a cause of concern in the 1980s, researchers and climate activists initially paid little attention to the possible health effects of a warmer world. This changed quickly between 1985 and 1989, when scientists working on contracts with the US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency extrapolated from existing knowledge about the impact of weather
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Bios-Ethics and the Bios Emergency: Finding the Real Work Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 David Schenck
ABSTRACT: This article presents a case for transforming traditional bioethics into "Bios-ethics." This exposition relies on three propositions: (1) the climate emergency is the "Bios emergency"; (2) in the Bios emergency, bioethics must be replaced by Bios-ethics; and (3) the top and overwhelming priority of Bios-ethics is to address the Bios emergency. Biocentrism, habitat, and environmental ethics
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Euthanasia and End-of-Life Decisions: From the Empirical Turn to Moral Intuitionism Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Marta Spranzi
ABSTRACT: Most medical learned societies have endorsed both "equivalence" between all forms of withholding or withdrawing treatment and the "discontinuity" between euthanasia and practices to withhold or withdraw treatment. While the latter are morally acceptable insofar as they consist in letting the patient die, the former constitutes an illegitimate act of actively interfering with a patient's life
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Diagnosis: What Is the Structure of Its Reasoning? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Donald E. Stanley, Robert Hanna
ABSTRACT: How does the diagnosis process work? This essay traces the philosophical underpinnings of diagnosis from Hume through Kant, Peirce, and Popper, analyzing how pathologists amalgamate sensibility, intuition, and imagination to form new hypotheses that can be tested by evidence and experience.
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Lived Religion in Religious Vaccine Exemptions Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Hajung Lee
ABSTRACT: This essay explores a more inclusive and equitable interpretation of "religion" within the context of religious vaccine exemptions. The existing literature critiques the prevalent interpretation of the meaning of religion in religious exemption cases, but frequently overlooks the importance of incorporating the concept of "lived religion." This essay introduces the concept of lived religion
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Introduction to the Special Section on Psychedelics Research and Treatment Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Dominic Sisti
Introduction to the Special Section on Psychedelics Research and Treatment Dominic Sisti Against a backdrop of post-pandemic malaise, diseases of despair, and a fragmented mental health care system, psychedelics have enjoyed a resurgence of interest as powerful psychotherapeutic agents and as catalysts of personal growth. The true power of these substances—some of which are considered sacramental by
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Bio-Psycho-Spiritual Perspectives on Psychedelics: Clinical and Ethical Implications Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Nese Devenot, Dominic Sisti, Lynnette A. Averill, Amy L. McGuire
ABSTRACT: Psychedelics have again become a subject of widespread interest, owing to the reinvigoration of research into their traditional uses, possible medical applications, and social implications. As evidence for psychedelics' clinical potential mounts, the field has increasingly focused on searching for mechanisms to explain the effects of psychedelics and therapeutic efficacy of psychedelic-assisted
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Are Psychedelic Experiences Transformative? Can We Consent to Them? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Brent M. Kious, Andrew Peterson, Amy L. McGuire
ABSTRACT: Psychedelic substances have great promise for the treatment of many conditions, and they are the subject of intensive research. As with other medical treatments, both research and clinical use of psychedelics depend on our ability to ensure informed consent by patients and research participants. However, some have argued that informed consent for psychedelic use may be impossible, because
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Valuing the Acute Subjective Experience Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Katherine Cheung, Brian D. Earp, David B. Yaden
ABSTRACT: Psychedelics, including psilocybin, and other consciousness-altering compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), currently are being scientifically investigated for their potential therapeutic uses, with a primary focus on measurable outcomes: for example, alleviation of symptoms or increases in self-reported well-being. Accordingly, much recent discussion about the possible
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Does Bioethics Need Ethical Theories? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Wayne Sumner
ABSTRACT: The relationship between philosophy and bioethics remains a matter of perennial debate, but there does appear to be a consensus on one issue: whatever bioethics might want to borrow from philosophical ethics, it won't be normative theories. This essay argues that theories can have an important role to play in bioethics, though it might not be the one traditionally assumed by philosophers
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Disputing Darwin: On Piloerection and Mental Illness Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Pieter R. Adriaens
abstract: Most of Charles Darwin's ideas have withstood the test of time, but some of them turned out to be dead ends. This article focuses on one such dead end: Darwin's ideas about the connection between piloerection and mental illness. Piloerection is a medical umbrella term to refer to a number of phenomena in which our hair tends to stand on end. Darwin was one of the first scientists to study
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In the Tradition of William Osler: A New Biohumanistic Model of Psychiatry Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 S. Nassir Ghaemi
abstract: William Osler (1849–1919) is often considered the most influential physician in the emergence of science-based medicine. However, his approach to clinical medicine tends to be misunderstood, and its relevance to psychiatry has not been explored systematically. Osler's approach to the patient had four components: biological reductionism about disease, a scientific approach to clinical diagnosis
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Sacred-in-Practice: A Framework for Teaching Religion, Health, and Medicine Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Barry F. Saunders
abstract: This essay proposes an unconventional approach to teaching "religion and medicine" to American medical students. Received frameworks for such teaching—articulated around faith denomination or "spirituality"—may imply that religiosities and their health effects are grounded in theology or transcendence, respectively. These frameworks may reify, or misrepresent relationships between, religion
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Careful the Things You Say, Children Will Listen: Parents, Adolescents, and Fairytales Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Daniel J. Benedetti, Benjamin S. Wilfond
abstract: Being a parent is hard, particularly parenting adolescents, who need to be given choices and allowed the space to learn how to make choices for themselves, even when those choices result in negative consequences. This essay explores how Steven Sondheim and James Lapine's 1987 musical Into the Woods provides relatable stories of the challenges of being a parent, the challenges of parenting
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The Trouble with Child Poverty Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Mary Breheny
abstract: In research, in policy, and in the media, there is a clear focus on alleviating child poverty. Child poverty is cast as an urgent societal problem, in part reflecting recognition of the impact of early life circumstances on health across the life course. However, focusing on child poverty can have unintended consequences. First, calls to alleviate child poverty position children as a worthy
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Degendering Parents on Birth Certificates Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Timothy E. Murphy, Jennifer A. Parks
abstract: Birth certificates typically designate parents as "mothers" or "fathers," although some US states offer nongendered designations. The authors argue that gendered characterizations offer scant legal or moral value and that states should move to degender parental status on birth certificates but retain that information in registrations of birth. Registrations of birth identify the person giving
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Negative Impacts of Taegyo: Feminist and Disability Perspectives Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Hajung Lee
abstract: This study examines the origin and religious roots of taegyo, Korean traditional prenatal education, and raises concerns about potential negative impacts of contemporary taegyo practice from feminist and disability perspectives. Taegyo has been accepted without much criticism due to its deep integration into prenatal care culture, and most existing literature focuses on taegyo's positive
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Imagine This: Happy Aging in America Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Tia Powell
abstract: This essay explores what it means to age happily, beginning with concepts of aging and happiness and proceeding to factors that promote or undermine happy aging. Relationships, contribution, and personal growth all add value to an aging life. Community also matters, as does the acceptance that a happy older age requires neither perfect health nor immense wealth.
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Futures of Care: Care Technologies and Graphic Medicine Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Sathyaraj Venkatesan, Livine Ancy A
abstract: Assistive care technologies, developed to replace, support, or extend human capabilities and to address the surging demands of care, have been gaining prominence recently. The current trend summons a posthuman approach through decentering the privileged role of humans in several spaces of caregiving, such as hospitals and eldercare homes. The existence of these cutting-edge assistive technologies
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Futures of Care: Care Technologies and Graphic Medicine Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Sathyaraj Venkatesan, Livine Ancy A
abstract: Assistive care technologies, developed to replace, support, or extend human capabilities and to address the surging demands of care, have been gaining prominence recently. The current trend summons a posthuman approach through decentering the privileged role of humans in several spaces of caregiving, such as hospitals and eldercare homes. The existence of these cutting-edge assistive technologies
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Mycobacterial Death and Resurrection: paradigm shifts in disease understanding Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Chadi Cortas
ABSTRACT: This article examines two medical journal research articles on tuberculosis, one published in 1938 and the other in 2014. The two articles, which use animal models to understand aspects of tuberculosis mycobacteria survival in the lungs, rely on markedly different research and biotechnological techniques, reach somewhat opposite conclusions, and reflect different paradigms of tuberculosis
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Placebos and Metaphors Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Abraham Fuks
ABSTRACT: The objective of this essay is to develop the argument that placebos are a species of metaphor and to demonstrate that an analysis of the figurative trope can help us elucidate the power of the placebo response. The cognitive and embodied responses to both metaphors and placebos stem from the transfer of meaning between two domains, each with rich allusive properties that in turn depend on
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Bridging Divides: art and religion in the early AIDS pandemic Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Matthew Kelly
ABSTRACT: Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, visual artists created a canon of work examining the illness experience of people living with AIDS. Largely forgotten today is a subset of this canon that simultaneously engaged AIDS narratives and religion, thereby dialoguing across political, cultural, and ideological divides. The artists who crafted these works created spaces of sanctioned discourse, drawing
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On Antiscience and Antisemitism Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Peter Hotez
ABSTRACT: Recent surges in antivaccine activism and other antiscience trends now converge with rising antisemitism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, authoritarian elements from the far right in North America and Europe often invoked Nazi imagery to describe vaccinations or at times even blame the Jewish people for COVID-19 origins and vaccine profiteering. Such tropes represent throwbacks to the 14th
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Lives Cut Short: suicide among adolescent females Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Meaghan Stacy, Jay Schulkin
ABSTRACT: Suicide is a worldwide public health issue, and suicide ideation and behavior among adolescents, females in particular, have been increasing. Focusing on the risk factors that are unique to adolescents and adolescent females can help tailor and inform prevention strategies. There are unique biological, psychological, social, and societal factors that contribute to suicide ideation and behavior
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Accepting and Embracing Our Mortality Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Larry R. Churchill
ABSTRACT: Aging and death need to be seen as a single reality, aging-and-death. Separating them largely voids the lessons to be learned from aging, and the benefits of seeing life as a whole and learning a new sense of beauty, meaning, hope, and love. All the distinctive experiences central to our sense of ourselves as human beings are tied to recognition of our mortality. Living a full life means
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2020: what COVID taught us about women in medicine Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Alison M. Heru
ABSTRACT: As Vice Chair of Clinical Services of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado, I choose to work where clinical services need most attention. As a woman, I want to show up where we can be seen and show up in the best possible way. Just as COVID began, I found myself doing clinical shifts in the newly created psychiatry emergency room. I became part of a front-line team, where “I” became “We
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Science in the Public Mind: sources and consequences of antipathy Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 William H. Woodruff
ABSTRACT: Public attitudes toward science in the United States can profoundly affect national well-being, and even national security. We live in a time when these attitudes are considerably more negative than usual. This critical assessment identifies a number of contributors to public antipathy toward science, some of which are intrinsic to the nature of science and as old as science itself, and some
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Conceptualizing Endometriosis Pain Through Metaphors Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Julia M. Abraham, Rajasekaran V
ABSTRACT: Biomedical and philosophical traditions postulate the experience of pain either as quantifiable or as sociocultural phenomena. This critical assessment offers a close reading of Lara Parker’s Vagina Problems: Endometriosis, Painful Sex, and Other Taboo Topics (2020) and Abby Norman’s Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain (2018), analyzing the authors’ use
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What Is Light in Dark Times? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Sue E. Estroff
ABSTRACT: Alisse Waterston and Charlotte Corden’s Light in Dark Times (2020) began as an address by the president of the American Anthropological Association and was transformed into “a work of art and anthropology” by a member of the audience. The result was a coauthored book-length graphic essay that is expansive in subject matter, and in the representation of ideas, scholars, and questions about
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Erratum Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11
Erratum In the Winter 2023 article by Jonathan Kimmelman, David R. Mandel, and Daniel M. Benjamin, “Predicting Clinical Trial Results: A Synthesis of Five Empirical Studies” (volume 66, number 1, pages 107–28), one of the coauthors’ names was listed incorrectly, as was the copyright notice. These errors have been corrected in the online edition. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine regret these errors
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Making and Managing New Biological Entities: conceptual, ontological, epistemological, and ethical aspects Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Bjørn Hofmann
ABSTRACT: Novel biotechnologies produce new person-related biological entities, such as cell lines, organoids, and synthetic organisms, that tend to disrupt existing concepts, taxonomies, modes of evidence production, as well as moral norms and values. This raises the question of how we can manage these new person-related biological entities. This article identifies and analyzes key conceptual, ontological
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An Ethical Framework for Research Using Genetic Ancestry Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Anna C. F. Lewis, Santiago J. Molina, Paul S. Appelbaum, Bege Dauda, Agustin Fuentes, Stephanie M. Fullerton, Nanibaa' A. Garrison, Nayanika Ghosh, Robert C. Green, Evelynn M. Hammonds, Janina M. Jeff, David S. Jones, Eimear E. Kenny, Peter Kraft, Madelyn Mauro, Anil P. S. Ori, Aaron Panofsky, Mashaal Sohail, Benjamin M. Neale, Danielle S. Allen
ABSTRACT: A wide range of research uses patterns of genetic variation to infer genetic similarity between individuals, typically referred to as genetic ancestry. This research includes inference of human demographic history, understanding the genetic architecture of traits, and predicting disease risk. Researchers are not just structuring an intellectual inquiry when using genetic ancestry, they are
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Daniel Callahan's Decade of Doubt Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Kaiulani S. Shulman, Joseph J. Fins
ABSTRACT: Daniel Callahan died on July 16, 2019, just short of his 89th birthday. In the years since, we have seen the overturning of abortion rights, a concern central to his scholarship and musings about the place of religion in American civic life. Callahan’s journey from lay Catholic journalist and commentator at Commonweal to a co-founder of the Hastings Center, during his decade of doubt, is
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Joanna Stephens and the Stone: credibility economy in the history of medicine Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Julie Walsh
ABSTRACT: In 1740, Joanna Stephens (fl. 1720–1741) produced a recipe for a tonic that she claimed cured bladder stones. Although she had the support of some notable and powerful men in the medical community and empirical evidence that her tonic worked, it took two years of petitioning, discussing, and even (unsuccessfully) crowd-sourcing before Parliament relented and awarded her the sum she requested
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Out of This World: re-grounding justice through science fiction Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Nancy M. P. King, Larry R. Churchill
ABSTRACT: Good science fiction can be a successful vehicle for portraying justice. Science fiction can stimulate moral imagination in much the same way as the most effective justice theories, connecting the world in which we live with a range of alternative futures deliberately and creatively made plausible. A selective examination of classic and recent science fiction stories and novels provides contextual
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Between the Spaces: graphic diagnosis Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Annemarie Jutel
ABSTRACT: This illustrated essay describes the graphic diagnosis memoir as a form of illness narrative that uses a different way of telling stories than standard prose. A cartoon is broken into sequenced segments that ask the reader to jump across the gaps between the panels at the same time as they bridge the images and text assembled in each panel. To be successful in presenting a graphic story,
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The Demise of the AMA's Mission to Improve Public Health Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 John Abramson
ABSTRACT: Much has been written about the deplorable state of American health care, but rarely with the wealth of historical and political information packed into Peter Swenson’s Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine (2021). In this meticulously researched and comprehensive study of the role of organized medicine, particularly the American Medical Association (AMA)
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Sickening: who is protecting pharma consumers? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Robert M. Kaplan
ABSTRACT: In 2022, John Abramson published Sickening: How Big Pharma Broke American Healthcare and How We Can Repair It. The book illustrates how large pharmaceutical companies have become misinformation machines that have corrupted peer-reviewed journals, systematic review authors, and guideline committees. Industry influence includes selective reporting of clinical trial results and selection of
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Editors' Introduction to the Special Issue on the Translational Work of Bioethics Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Elizabeth Lanphier, Larry R. Churchill
Editors' Introduction to the Special Issue on the Translational Work of Bioethics Elizabeth Lanphier and Larry R. Churchill Recent essays in Perspectives and Biology and Medicine, including "Can Clinical Ethics Survive Climate Change" by Andrew Jameton and Jessica Pierce and "Ethical Maxims for a Marginally Inhabitable Planet" by David Schenck and Larry R. Churchill, both appearing in the Autumn 2021
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Revising the Bioethics Story: Memory and Story in Precarious Times Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 John A. Lynch
ABSTRACT: The foundation story of bioethics is, as Susan Reverby (2009) argues, one of a trinity of horror stories culminating in what we commonly call the "Tuskegee Syphilis Study." The foundation story emphasizes that medical researchers violated participant autonomy by deceiving them about their medical conditions, the goals of the study, and the treatments they would receive, and by failing to
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The Twin Crises of Principles and Stories Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Arthur W. Frank
ABSTRACT: This symposium contribution argues that politicized responses to the COVID-19 pandemic mark the fracturing of the consensus that bioethics has been built upon. This consensus involved the mutual dependence of principles and stories: principles need stories to become applicable in clinical action, and stories need to reflect principles if they are to make generalized claims. Two mid-20th-century
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Narrative Ethics, COVID-19, and Flawed Stories Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Howard Brody
ABSTRACT: The bioethics literature has paid little attention to resistance to COVID-19 vaccination, despite the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and the heavy death toll of the virus. A narrative approach to the problem might begin with descriptions of good and bad narratives about vaccination. Bad stories about vaccination tend to be constructed backwards, starting with the desired conclusion
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Ecological Health: Ethics as the Starting Place Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 John Compton, Keith Meador
ABSTRACT: When considering the health and flourishing of humans and human communities, we cannot ignore that we are constitutively bound to the health of ecosystems of which we are a part. As such, global climate change is a central concern for health care and bioethics. Addressing the complex and interrelated realities bound up with global climate change requires a multifaceted and integrated approach
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Can Bioethics Do for Our Planet What It's Done for Autonomy? Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Cheryl C. Macpherson
ABSTRACT: Planet Earth and its growing human population are challenged by the health impacts of industrial policies that drive global emissions production and cause climate change. The health-care industry has capacity and responsibility to adopt environmentally sustainable policies and practices. Bioethicists have a responsibility to support environmental sustainability through their clinical, research
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The Lifeboat at World's End: Moving Beyond Crisis Standards of Care Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 James E. Black
ABSTRACT: It may be too late to avoid the climate crisis, likely to be humanity's most expensive, widespread, and enduring catastrophe. This is a qualitatively different kind of catastrophe, in which increased costs, decreased revenue, and no possibility of bailout force communities to harshly cut budgets, especially in health care. Little is known about making such brutal cuts fair or efficient, nor
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Environmentalizing Bioethics: Planetary Health in a Perfect Moral Storm Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Stephen M. Gardiner
ABSTRACT: Many of humanity's most serious problems are global, intergenerational, and ecological, yet current institutions are poorly placed to confront such problems. In part, this institutional challenge reflects difficulties with our basic concepts and theories. Bioethics is a central area where such questions arise. Although some have argued for an environmentalized bioethics since its inception
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Health Equity Is No Spectator Sport: The Radical Rooting of a Post-Pandemic Bioethics Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Abraham M. Nussbaum, Matthew Allen
ABSTRACT: The relationship between equality and equity has been theorized and described in many ways. Recently, this relationship has been popularly illustrated via a meme depicting three people watching a baseball game while standing on boxes. The meme's analogy, that achieving health equity is the ability to view a spectator sport, is a neoliberal account of health. The analogy defines equality at
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A Translational Role for Bioethics: Looking Back and Moving Forward Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Marion Danis
ABSTRACT: Assumptions that bioethics was intended to focus only on a narrow set of issues related to research and health care are mistaken. The field of bioethics has long been focused on pressing contemporary issues, and it will play an unduly peripheral and less significant role than it could otherwise if it fails to focus on a broad set of issues, including human relations and the relationship of
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Othering and Health Justice Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Nancy M. P. King
ABSTRACT: Bioethics needs to expand its vision. We must examine and interrogate the social and structural barriers that help traditionally privileged communities maintain minoritized groups as inherently inferior "others." Justice requires the field to look beyond the walls of hospitals, clinics, and medical academia to address and ameliorate the structural injustices that give rise to health disparities
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Transformative Justice in Ethics Consultation Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Georgina Campelia, Aleksandra E. Olszewski, Tracy Brazg, Holly Hoa Vo
ABSTRACT: Clinical ethics consultants bear witness to the direct harms of intersecting axes of oppression—such as racism and classism—as they impinge on elucidating and resolving ethical dilemmas in health care. Health Care Ethics Consultation (HCEC) professional guidance supports recognizing and analyzing power dynamics and social-structural obstacles to good care. However, the most relied upon bioethical
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Running Toward Disasters: One Bioethicist's Experience in Translational Ethics Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Tia Powell
ABSTRACT: Translational ethics is a practice that aims to apply bioethics insights and process to the real-world contexts of clinical medicine, but also government policy, systems issues, and public health. This work has been a career focus for a relatively small number of bioethicists over the years, but it has drawn greater attention due to the pandemic and a greater realization of the impact of
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Why the World Needs Bioethics Communication Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Travis N. Rieder, Lauren Arora Hutchinson, Jeffrey P. Kahn
ABSTRACT: This essay argues for the importance of formalizing public engagement efforts around bioethics as something we might call "bioethics communication," and it outlines the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics' plans for engaging in this effort. Because science is complex and difficult to explain to nonexperts, the field of science communication has arisen to meet this need. The field
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Protecting Practitioners in Stressed Systems: Translational Bioethics and the COVID-19 Pandemic Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Mara Buchbinder, Nancy Berlinger, Tania M. Jenkins
ABSTRACT: COVID-19 revealed health-care systems in crisis. Intersecting crises of stress, overwork, and poor working conditions have led to workforce strain, under-staffing, and high rates of job turnover. Bioethics researchers have responded to these conditions by investigating the ethical challenges of pandemic response for individuals, institutions, and health systems. This essay draws on pandemic
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A Bioethics for Democracy: Restoring Civic Vision Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Bruce Jennings
ABSTRACT: Democracy—as a form of governance, a moral community, and a way of life—is under great stress. The prospects for democracy and bioethics are linked because bioethics relies on an open society and a democratic cultural environment in order to flourish. For its part, democracy can be restored and strengthened by widespread cultural and psychological support for the values of mutual recognition
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Bioethics and Civic Education in a Post-Roe America Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Elizabeth Lanphier
ABSTRACT: This essay explores how bioethics as a field, rather than as a collection of individual efforts by bioethicists working within it, can inform deliberation on matters of bioethical import that, for better or worse, are in the hands of civic processes. It is motivated by the repeal of a constitutional protection of abortion access in the Supreme Court Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
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What Bioethicists Need to Know About the Social Determinants of Health—and Why Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Gail E. Henderson
ABSTRACT: What more can be said about COVID-19 and the social determinants of health? This article describes neglected perspectives that derive from the history of social epidemiology, a field that identifies the social etiology of disease and variations in disease incidence among people differentially located in the social structure. The "discovery" of social determinants of diseases like COVID-19
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A Call for Behavioral Science in Embedded Bioethics Perspect. Biol. Med. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Kristin M. Kostick-Quenet, Benjamin Lang, Natalie Dorfman, J. S. Blumenthal-Barby
ABSTRACT: Bioethicists today are taking a greater role in the design and implementation of emerging technologies by "embedding" within the development teams and providing their direct guidance and recommendations. Ideally, these collaborations allow ethical considerations to be addressed in an active, iterative, and ongoing process through regular exchanges between ethicists and members of the technological