Several endemic corona viruses (eCoVs) have been reported to be the most common etiologic agents for the seasonal common cold and also cause pneumonia. These eCoVs share extensive sequence homology with SARS-CoV-2, and immune responses to eCoVs can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Based on such cross-reactivity of antigens among eCoVs, the IgG antibodies against the spike protein (SP) of severe

The outbreak of new viral strains promotes advances in universal diagnostic techniques for detecting infectious diseases with unknown viral sequence. Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a hallmark of infections, serves as a virus marker for prompt detection of viruses with unknown genomes. Here, we report on-chip paper electrophoresis for ultrafast screening of infectious diseases. Negatively charged

Food sensitivity is considered to be implicated in obesity via chronic inflammation. Obesity has become a global epidemic, and overweight is a gateway to obesity. Hence, understanding the effect of food sensitivity on overweight is important for public health. To examine the association between food sensitivity and overweight, we compared the levels of diverse serological IgGs (total IgG, food-specific

The advent of microfluidics, especially with the integration of droplet-based systems, has led to significant innovations and outstanding applications in many fields. While this field of study has grown increasingly over the years, the conventional method of fabricating these devices has discouraged their large-scale production, making their commercialization almost impossible. This is because traditional

As continues increasing the COVID-19 infections, there is an urgent need for developing fast, simple, selective, and accurate COVID-19 biosensors. A highly uniform gold (Au) microcuboid pattern was used as a microelectrode that allowed monitoring a small analyte. The electrochemical biosensor was used to monitor the COVID-19 S protein within a concentration range from 100 to 5 pmol L−1; it showed a

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. In particular, it is a high cause of mortality among women in industrialized countries. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has recently emerged as a serological biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Herein, we report the ultrasensitive detection of HE4 using a gold (Au) nanoplate (NPl)-based surface-enhanced Raman

Simple, rapid, and instrument-free detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+) with a portable device is essential to prevent the contamination of potable water. Herein, we propose a simple, fast, and low-cost method for the real-time/on-site detection of Cd2+ using glutathione-modified Au nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) deposited on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sensor strip. To fabricate the sensor strip, a

Since the first emergence of influenza viruses, they have caused the flu seasonally worldwide. Precise detection of influenza viruses is required to prevent the spreading of the disease. Herein, we developed an optical biosensor using peptide-immobilized nanopillar structures for the label-free detection of influenza viruses. The spin-on-glass nanopillar structures were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography

Sufficiently long reaction time and low flow velocity are crucial for capillary microfluidic immunoassay chips, especially for truly “one-step” detection with continuous on-chip labelling and capturing. In this study, a multistory stairs-based new delay valve is used to meet the time and flow requirements for protein testing. The delay strategy is capable of slowing down the flow of liquid into the

The recognition and detection of metal ions present in biological and environmental samples have attracted great attention in recent years. Various analytical techniques are used to detect metal ions. Among these, the fluorescence technique is among the emerging methods because of its simplicity, selectivity, and applicability to bioimaging. Thus, this review particularly explores paper-based fluorescence

The salivary glands are closely associated with stress conditions and the neuroendocrine system. The concentrations of these salivary biomarkers fluctuate with a person’s disease status. Until now, salivary diagnostics have been promising; however, the analytical tools for detecting salivary biomarkers have remained burdensome due to the lack of user-friendly and cost-effective equipment. In this study

The contamination of food and drinking water by bacteria that cause food poisoning is a critical public health issue. In general, the procedures for testing the presence of pathogenic bacteria in public is not very effective, because it is time consuming and does not facilitate real-time monitoring in a field setting. Therefore, this study introduced a fully automated platform that would allow non-experts

The periosteal progenitor cell is suitable for bone tissue regeneration duo to its multipotent differentiation in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. It was found that both physical and physiological stimuli can induce the differentiation of periosteal progenitor cells. However, the combined-effect of these two stimuli is not clear. The imitation of the nature movement—the cyclic tensile strain stimulation

Visual volumetric chips based on gas-generating reactions can potentially be applied to instrument-free point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the structures of conventional chips and their detection methods are typically complicated due to two technical issues: (1) ink, as a distance marker, must be injected into a specified position before sample introduction, and (2) the gas-generating reaction

Whole blood is one of the most widely utilized human samples in biological research and is useful for analyzing the mechanisms of diverse bio-molecular phenomena. However, owing to its fluidic properties, whole blood is relatively unstable in the frozen state compared to other samples. Because RNA is structurally unstable, sample damage can severely affect RNA quality, thereby reducing its usability

Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleoprotein (NP) were purified from pig serum through two steps: (1) isolation of anti-NP IgG antibodies using magnetic beads with immobilized human SARS-CoV-2 NP and (2) filtration of anti-spike protein (SP) IgG antibodies using magnetic beads with immobilized human SARS-CoV SP. The enhanced specificity of the purified

In this study, dual functional conductive hydrogels containing polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes (NTs) functionalized with beta-cyclodextrin (bCD) and titania (TiO2) were produced and applied for both detection and removal of toxic substances. PPy, a representative conducting polymer was prepared in a form of nanotube (NT) and used for providing electrical conductivity. TiO2 nanoparticles were incorporated

The diagnosis of diseases based on immunosensors have been objective of research in the last years, providing an improvement for a rapid detection, high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity and resolution. Areas of progress such as analytical technologies, interpretation and standardization has been done for common biomarkers. However, years of research and development of a functional immunosensor

Neurofibroma type 1 (NFI) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease associated with cancer and cognitive dysfunction. The 50% de novo mutation rate and numerous mutation types of the NF1 gene pose challenges to preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for NFI. In 2020, a couple was subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based PGT at our center. Both husband and wife carried de novo NF1 mutations

Chronic diseases represent a pressing global concern and are strongly related to the modern lifestyle. Thus, maintaining chronic disease in daily life is important. Advances in the development of chronic disease biosensors could help people to diagnose diseases earlier and tightly care at home or a body site. This review covers the efforts in the field of biosensor development for two crucial chronic

Optical imaging is a useful tool to acquire neural activities because of its high spatial resolution, and various voltage indicators were developed to image membrane potential of neurons. Voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs) are one of them but their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is so low that enhancing SNR of VSD has become important. In this study, we investigated the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect

Because of the rapid development of precision medicine, single-cell analysis has attracted increasing research attention, especially for erythrocyte, whose potential role in the formation of vascular plaque (atherosclerosis) has emphasized the importance of flow characteristics of single erythrocytes in bionic microfluidics. Based on the high incidence of vascular plaques among the elderly and those

Exposure to toxins through contaminated food is a serious concern. For the detection of toxins in complex matrices, there are many analytical instrumentation-based methods; however, these approaches are generally expensive, laborious to perform, and require skilled technicians. Thus, they can only be utilized in centralized laboratories. To efficiently prevent the contamination by toxins and improve

Our major objective in this study was to create complex, three-dimensional, and fully transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluidic device by revising the previously reported fabrication process and to systematically study the influence of each fabrication step to the final PDMS fluidic device. The current fabrication process adopted fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers to create molds of

Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies were isolated from pig sera using human SARS-CoV-2 NP-immobilized magnetic beads. The binding properties of the isolated antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 NP were tested via flow cytometry using SARS-CoV-2 NP-immobilized magnetic beads. A competitive immunoassay was developed for detecting SARS-CoV-2 NP

The liver has complex microenvironments, where parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells coexist. Hepatocytes exhibit different metabolic functions depending on their location by the oxygen gradient and the transcriptional changes of genes, which is called liver zonation. Three-dimensional (3D) liver tissue engineering has reproduced the complex microenvironments, but there is a limitation

Implementation of microfluidic technology to study small animal models such as Caenorhabditis elegans worms (soil-dwelling nematodes), Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and larvae of Danio rerio (zebrafish) provides great opportunities for in vivo quantification of neuronal activities and behavioral responses. By controlling the internal environment, microfluidic devices can manipulate animal models

Herein, we report the development of a simple liquid crystal (LC)-based droplet sensor for the specific detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) in an aqueous medium, using trimethyl octadecyl ammonium bromide (OTAB) and an Hg2+-binding aptamer. In terms of the mechanism, the system senses the homeotropic orientation of the LCs at the LC–aqueous interface that is induced by the self-assembled monolayer of

Diabetes is a serious global disease that threatens more than 400 million people’s health. Therefore, timely detection of body’s glucose level becomes extremely important for control, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Based on the feature of stimuli-responsive volume phase transition of hydrogel materials, this review will provide a systematic summary of glucose detection devices in recent years

Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Multiplex POC tests provide higher accuracy to for actionable decisionmaking in critical

Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the roots of Curcuma plants that exerts potential anticancer effects. However, owing to its low toxicity, curcumin is known to be effective only at high doses. Here, we report the highly sensitive assessment of curcumin toxicity in human liver cancer cells, which was facilitated using a fabricated conductive platform and an electrochemical detection method. To

Herbal products are the most representative alternative medicine, but most herbal drugs are taken orally and these can cause allergic reactions in the gastrointestinal tract such as food allergies. To confirm whether herbal proteins can cause allergic reaction by binding to human serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), we selected sera from 800 randomized human sera using Allergy-Q tests and investigated the

The aptamer, known as a chemical antibody, has proven to be of high diagnostic and therapeutic value with the FDA’s first aptamer drug in 2004 and many aptamers under clinical validation. However, the clinical translation of aptamer for therapeutics has been delayed because of the limitation of using the target model during selection and a lack of information on several crucial factors, including their

Efficient separation and enrichment of pathogenic bacteria from complex matrices are crucial for the detection and downstream biomedical investigations. Herein, we report a floating magnetic membrane comprised of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and cationic polymer chains for rapid capture and enrichment of pathogenic bacteria under continuous flow. Magnetic nanoparticles combined with polymeric chains

In this work, a novel and simple bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 carrier is developed, which enables localized and controlled release of BMP-2 and facilitates bone regeneration. BMP-2 is localized in the gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) micropatterns on hydrophilic semi-permeable membrane (SNM), and its controlled release is regulated by the concentration of GelMA hydrogel and BMP-2. The controlled

Many studies have been conducted on the use of nano field-effect transistor (nanoFET) sensors for the detection of biological species. However, the practical application of nanoFET-based biosensors is difficult because their operating principle has not been clarified. Most existing studies focused on ion concentration and pH level in a solution, the Debye length (the physical distance at which charged

In nowadays, we have entered the new era of pandemics and the significance of virus detection deeply impacts human society. Viruses with genetic mutations are reported nearly every year, and people have prepared tools to detect the virus and vaccines to ensure proper treatments. Influenza virus (IV) is one of the most harmful viruses reporting various mutations, sub-types, and rapid infection speed

The number of people at risk for dengue viral infection is about 50% of the worlds population. Dengue viral infection is classified as dengue fever and severe dengue depending on the severity. Severe dengue may be associated with infection by the different serotype from the primary infected serotype. The circulating epidemic serotypes have changed continuously and periodically. It is very important

Periosteal cells are the major cell sources of skeletal progenitors for fracture callus. In order to promote bone repair and cartilage formation, besides the application of exogenous growth factors, physical stimulation is an alternative approach to guide cell differentiation. Investigation of appropriate conditions is essential for forming bone and cartilage. In this work, a membrane-type micro-system

Microfluidic technologies have emerged as a potential tool for point of care — diagnostics and therapeutics applications. Isolation of multi-targets (Cancer cells along with platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)) simultaneously is of great interest in drug discovery and medical diagnosis. By utilizing dielectrophoresis (DEP) effect inside the

In order to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring, it is desirable to detect the concentration of proteins and metal ions simultaneously, since the current popular diagnostic platform can only detect proteins or metal ions independently. In this work, we developed a colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for simultaneous determination of protein

A method involving multi-exposure with low-power is presented to fabricate an SU-8 mold based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) maskless lithography with an LED source at a wavelength of 405 nm. The SU-8 mold is used for the fabrication of a PDMS concentration gradient generator (CGG). During a one-time exposure, it is easy to over-expose at the top and under-expose at the bottom of a thick SU-8

Anti-coronavirusdisease-2019 (COVID-19; anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) antibodies against nucleoprotein (NP) were purified from pig sera. Following the separation of the antibody fraction using a protein-A column, the final yield of the purified antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 NPs was estimated to be 0.26 ± 0.05 % (absolute amount of 143.4 ± 25.2 ng, n=5) from 1 mL

A simple and efficient bond technique for integrating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and printed circuit board (PCB) is presented in this paper by using half-cured PDMS technique. We take advantage of the mature PCB technology for fabrication of microchannel mold and heating electrodes leading to a cost-effective and mass manufacturing method. PDMS is applied for fabricating microfluidic chip by replica

3D bioprinting is one of the rapidly evolving fields of tissue engineering where microengineering meets cells biology within an unprecedented precision to construct tissue structures of various forms with complexity. However, enabling simultaneous printing of heterogeneous biomaterial along with scaffold components through the currently available printers is still considered as a major challenge due

The 3D printing apparatus in conventional inkjet and stereolithography systems is limited to continuous fabrication of a microsized three-dimensional hydrogel composed of multiple substances. We present a micro three-dimensional printing system by combining a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel through which various fluids can flow into a micro two-dimensional particle generation system, and

We report a dramatic improvement in the detection sensitivity of electrochemical immunosensors through the use of a magnetic nanoparticle for immunoassay reactions and an ITO working electrode for measurement of the electrochemical enzymatic reaction signals. In general, electrochemical sensors developed for immunoassay require the immobilization of capture antibodies on the surface of the working

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have widely used for various biological applications, such as drug screening, photo-thermal therapy, and biosensing. In particular, the synthesis of AuNPs with narrow size distribution plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of nanoparticle-mediated biosensors. However, the conventional synthesis methods (e.g., citrate reduction method) still suffer from controlling

The passivation layers of an in situ-synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire (NW) photosensor were prepared for two reasons: (1) to improve the physical stability of the NW on an interdigitated electrode and (2) to enhance the immobilization efficiency of proteins for the on-chip immunoassay. The passivation layer was estimated to have suitable optical properties, and the photoresponse of photosensor

The present work is to provide experimental measurements of particle velocity in a microchannel flow at the Reynolds number of 10 and their respective particle positions in the channel where the velocities were measured. The particle position measurements which includes their depths were realized without an intricate optical set-up by controlling the particle path with multiple flow rates. The experimental

The airway mucosa is the first point of exposure to all inhalant materials. It is possible to produce microenvironments functionally similar to airway by using different types of extracellular matrices around mucosal cells, such as an extracellular matrix decellularized from trachea. In this study, we introduced a novel human respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip model that uses decellularized tracheal extracellular

In this paper, we investigated the droplet splitting using different spacers in the air. The droplets were manipulated by the EWOD force and the level set method was used for our numerical implementation. The results show that the property of spacer has the effect on the droplet splitting. Specifically, we showed that the re-merging occurred when split daughter droplets pass the sub-channels for the

We present the design of a chemical sensor and study the generation of electrical signals produced by the formation of a cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane)/graphene hybrid composites were used as sensor substrates and sensing media, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) molecules were incorporated using simple bio-coupling reactions. The feasibility of sensing molecules through the

Exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles having a diameter of 30–150nm, are secreted by most cell types, including tumor cells. These vesicles mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules (including a variety of proteins and nucleic acids) from donor to recipient cells. Notably, tumor cells secrete more exosome into microenvironment than nontumoral cells. Tumor-derived exosomes

A liquid crystal (LC)-based pH sensor for real-time monitoring of variations in localized pH values near the LC droplets was developed, and its applicability for the detection of acidic gases was explored. It was found that 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), when doped with hexanoic acid (HA), shows a bright-fan-shaped (planar orientation of LCs) to dark-cross (homeotropic orientation of LCs) optical

Investigation of the potential adverse effects of chemicals and drugs is essential during the drug development process. In vitro cell model systems have been developed over the past years towards such toxicity investigation. 96-well plate is the common platform for screening drug toxicity due to its simplicity. However, this platform only offers 2D cell culture environment and lacks the flow of solutions

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is the antimicrobial substance and has been applied for various fields, including non-fouling coating paints and cosmetics. It also used for the tub part of the electronic machine with polypropylene (PP). Since the released ZPT can cause skeletal deformity or abnormality to coastal organisms, it is essential to quality check of ZPT in PP for environmental safety. However, as far

Tumors in vivo exist in a microenvironment, so-called tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes peripheral blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix. In recent years, considerable efforts have been focused on developing bioprinting methods because 3D bioprinting can better recapitulate TMEs by accurately printing different types of TME cells in spatially

Warfarin is a drug associated with blood clotting. As the side effects of this drug are fatal, it is important to adjust its dosage for each individual. In particular, DNA analysis of patients is necessary because the effect of the drug varies greatly depending on the genotype of the individual. Real-time PCR technology is usually used for DNA analysis. This technology requires expensive equipment

Macrophages are an important component of the immune system and play a key role in tissue damage repair and immune defense. As a potential biomarker, macrophages contribute to the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other disease. The isolation of macrophages is a key step in relevant research and clinical applications. However, conventional macrophage separation and purification methods rely