3D bioprinting is one of the rapidly evolving fields of tissue engineering where microengineering meets cells biology within an unprecedented precision to construct tissue structures of various forms with complexity. However, enabling simultaneous printing of heterogeneous biomaterial along with scaffold components through the currently available printers is still considered as a major challenge due

The 3D printing apparatus in conventional inkjet and stereolithography systems is limited to continuous fabrication of a microsized three-dimensional hydrogel composed of multiple substances. We present a micro three-dimensional printing system by combining a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel through which various fluids can flow into a micro two-dimensional particle generation system, and

We report a dramatic improvement in the detection sensitivity of electrochemical immunosensors through the use of a magnetic nanoparticle for immunoassay reactions and an ITO working electrode for measurement of the electrochemical enzymatic reaction signals. In general, electrochemical sensors developed for immunoassay require the immobilization of capture antibodies on the surface of the working

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have widely used for various biological applications, such as drug screening, photo-thermal therapy, and biosensing. In particular, the synthesis of AuNPs with narrow size distribution plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of nanoparticle-mediated biosensors. However, the conventional synthesis methods (e.g., citrate reduction method) still suffer from controlling

The passivation layers of an in situ-synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire (NW) photosensor were prepared for two reasons: (1) to improve the physical stability of the NW on an interdigitated electrode and (2) to enhance the immobilization efficiency of proteins for the on-chip immunoassay. The passivation layer was estimated to have suitable optical properties, and the photoresponse of photosensor

The present work is to provide experimental measurements of particle velocity in a microchannel flow at the Reynolds number of 10 and their respective particle positions in the channel where the velocities were measured. The particle position measurements which includes their depths were realized without an intricate optical set-up by controlling the particle path with multiple flow rates. The experimental

The airway mucosa is the first point of exposure to all inhalant materials. It is possible to produce microenvironments functionally similar to airway by using different types of extracellular matrices around mucosal cells, such as an extracellular matrix decellularized from trachea. In this study, we introduced a novel human respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip model that uses decellularized tracheal extracellular

In this paper, we investigated the droplet splitting using different spacers in the air. The droplets were manipulated by the EWOD force and the level set method was used for our numerical implementation. The results show that the property of spacer has the effect on the droplet splitting. Specifically, we showed that the re-merging occurred when split daughter droplets pass the sub-channels for the

We present the design of a chemical sensor and study the generation of electrical signals produced by the formation of a cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane)/graphene hybrid composites were used as sensor substrates and sensing media, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) molecules were incorporated using simple bio-coupling reactions. The feasibility of sensing molecules through the

Exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles having a diameter of 30–150nm, are secreted by most cell types, including tumor cells. These vesicles mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules (including a variety of proteins and nucleic acids) from donor to recipient cells. Notably, tumor cells secrete more exosome into microenvironment than nontumoral cells. Tumor-derived exosomes

A liquid crystal (LC)-based pH sensor for real-time monitoring of variations in localized pH values near the LC droplets was developed, and its applicability for the detection of acidic gases was explored. It was found that 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), when doped with hexanoic acid (HA), shows a bright-fan-shaped (planar orientation of LCs) to dark-cross (homeotropic orientation of LCs) optical

Investigation of the potential adverse effects of chemicals and drugs is essential during the drug development process. In vitro cell model systems have been developed over the past years towards such toxicity investigation. 96-well plate is the common platform for screening drug toxicity due to its simplicity. However, this platform only offers 2D cell culture environment and lacks the flow of solutions

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is the antimicrobial substance and has been applied for various fields, including non-fouling coating paints and cosmetics. It also used for the tub part of the electronic machine with polypropylene (PP). Since the released ZPT can cause skeletal deformity or abnormality to coastal organisms, it is essential to quality check of ZPT in PP for environmental safety. However, as far

Tumors in vivo exist in a microenvironment, so-called tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes peripheral blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix. In recent years, considerable efforts have been focused on developing bioprinting methods because 3D bioprinting can better recapitulate TMEs by accurately printing different types of TME cells in spatially

Warfarin is a drug associated with blood clotting. As the side effects of this drug are fatal, it is important to adjust its dosage for each individual. In particular, DNA analysis of patients is necessary because the effect of the drug varies greatly depending on the genotype of the individual. Real-time PCR technology is usually used for DNA analysis. This technology requires expensive equipment

Macrophages are an important component of the immune system and play a key role in tissue damage repair and immune defense. As a potential biomarker, macrophages contribute to the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other disease. The isolation of macrophages is a key step in relevant research and clinical applications. However, conventional macrophage separation and purification methods rely

Cell free DNA (cfDNA) is degraded DNA fragments found in the blood plasma of cancer patients. While cfDNA is a good marker for early diagnostics and cancer prognosis, the extraction of cfDNA from whole blood and sample preparation for later sequencing is still challenging. Here, we presented a microfluidic device for the removal of cells from a cfDNA sample in a first step. In a second step, carboxylated

There are many factors that affect the increase or decrease of viscosity of the whole blood. Because of this, measuring the viscosity of whole blood is difficult to correlate with specific etiologies, so it tends to disregard the information on blood viscosity. This study is to find out the characteristics of the method of measuring the viscosity of whole blood using the parallel plate method, which

The early detection of mercury ions in water sources should be emphasized to prevent human exposure to mercury through drinking water or food consumption. Here, we used a three-dimensional (3D)-printed multiarray chip to achieve colorimetric detection of inorganic mercury ions in environmental matrices such as lake water. The chip designed for the multidetection of inorganic mercury did not require

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanomaterials are well known for converting near-infrared (NIR) excitation photons into visible, ultraviolet, and NIR emission photons. Excitation of NIR light offers low autofluorescence background and high penetration depth in biological environments due to the reduced light scattering. Consequently, these have attracted considerable interest because their exceptional

Despite the stereotype that secondary flow fields induced by surface grooves are effective for microfluidic mixing and increase the entropy of different fluid flows, many efforts have been made to utilize the grooves for particle separation and focusing, decreasing the entropy of particle distribution. As part of these efforts, hydrophoresis has been proposed to define deterministic particle trajectories

The pancreas is a relatively small organ, but it has structural and functional complexity that makes it difficult to understand underlying disease mechanisms and determine effective treatments. Thus, there is a great need for more effective tools to study pancreatic disease, and breakthroughs in various fields have contributed to development of in vitro tissue models to understand the pathophysiological

Nanoscale electrokinetic phenomenon called ion concentration polarization (ICP) has opened a new era in bio- and chemical-analysis platform due to its high efficiency and easy sample handling. In this review, the most recent advancements of selective preconcentration process using ICP were introduced. The flux balances of charged analytes were theoretically analyzed so that the behavior and the shape

Real-time monitoring of biomarkers has important applications in immediately determining, for example, disease progress or therapeutic effects to clinical decisions in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. However, technologies developed in this area require frequent sample drawings, unattended analysis in situ, secure online monitoring, and, above all, patient’s safety, so from this point

Due to the global aging at an accelerated rate, demands for medical implants have been rapidly increasing. Consequently, a number of complications associated with medical implants has been reported. The complication is mainly due to foreign body response (FBR) which is a nonspecific immune response. Once the implants inserted inside the body, the immune system recognize the implant as foreign body

Infectious diseases and their pandemics periodically attract public interests due to difficulty in treating the patients and the consequent high mortality. Sepsis caused by an imbalanced systemic inflammatory response to infection often leads to organ failure and death. The current therapeutic intervention mainly includes “the sepsis bundles,” antibiotics (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal)

Lipid membranes and their applications in analytical biochip devices represent a great tool for the study of membrane dynamics and the related biological phenomena. Lipid-membrane-assisted surface-sensitive sensors have employed to provide biological information as they improve molecular survivability as well as rule out incorrect signals arising from unwanted nonspecific binding between target molecules

Several types of biosensors have been developed to detect a wide variety of human diseases. Immunosensors are classified as the most representative of all biosensors. They are based on antibodies that selectively recognize specific analytes and have high specificity and sensitivity. However, there are limitations to the types of substances that can be detected, and it is sometimes difficult to achieve

Despite the diverse roles of singlet oxygen (1O2) in plants and animals, simple detection of 1O2 has been limited due to technical difficulties. Here we report a colorimetric method for visualizing the generation and suppression of 1O2 using a protein photo-sensitizer, mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG). Upon external light irradiation, miniSOG strongly produced 1O2 and oxidized a universal chromogenic

Although vast research has been performed on biosensors, the materialization of low-cost point-of-care (POC) biosensors exhibiting portability, user-friendliness, and highly reliable analytical performance has not yet been achieved. The utilization of electronic/optoelectronic components and devices as signal transducers is being studied as a promising approach for the development of ideal POC biosensors

The use of colorimetric bioassays for protein detection is one of the most promising diagnostic approaches, but their relatively poor detection limits have been a critical issue. In this study, we developed an efficient colorimetric bioassay based on antibody-coated peroxidase-mimicking Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is one of the most widely used

Previous culture techniques are often ineffective for providing appropriate conditions to cells grown in vitro for efficient growth and maturation. However, the advent of microfluidic chips allows us to manipulate various factors from co-culturing cells to inducing shear stress and biochemical gradient. The above have all been effectively applied to stem cell engineering, allowing dynamic interactions

The aim of this review is to discuss label-free and real-time assays characterizing the electrical impedance of cells for biomedical and pharmacological applications. Electrical impedance measurements can be used to non-destructively monitor cellular behavior by analyzing the electrical cell-substrate impedance, which is determined by cellular morphology and distribution on the sensing electrode. Cellular

Patients with diabetes are required to lance their fingers daily for self-monitoring their blood glucose level. Patients might be reluctant to use commercial lancets with thick outer diameters due to lancing pain; this results in the worsening of their health. A metallic microneedle is an ideal substitute to the commercial lancet system and offers a minimally invasive and patient friendly approach

This paper reports a study on developing of a protein detection biochip based on interdigitated array electrodes (IDAEs) capacitive immunosensor. The protein after being preconcentrated in a detection region will be selectively captured and detected by the capacitive immunosensor. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy operated at high-frequency in the range of 100 kHz–1 MHz, the capacitance of the

Here, we developed Sol-gel based antibody microarray platform for quantitative detection of five different cancer biomarkers in clinical sample simultaneously. This kit called Ci-5, Multiplex Tumor Marker Quantitative Kit, is developed based on proprietary SG Cap™ technology. The Ci-5 has 3×5 format of microarray that contains five different antibodies for capturing multi-targets cancer biomarkers

Detection of the fusion gene composed of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is important for diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. We developed a simple PCR-based fluorometric method for detecting the EML4-ALK fusion using a fluorescent probe DNA and graphene oxide (GO). The fluorophore-labeled probe DNA complementary to the EML4-ALK fusion junction

In vitro diagnostic technologies, used to evaluate disease status at the point-of-care (POC), are of urgent importance to improve diagnostic capabilities in bladder cancer. However, currently available approaches have a limitation because of their lack of detection for early-staged cancer. Herein, we developed an electrochemical immunosensor for the POC diagnosis of bladder cancer in which the enzyme

Although silver (Ag)-based nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently used for bactericidal purposes, they have critical issues including excessive release of Ag+, severe oxidation, and cytotoxicity. In this study, we designed a multifunctional, on-demand antibacterial agent by successively encapsulating bimetallic gold/silver nanorods (Ag/AgNRs) with mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shells. Au/AuNRs were synthesized

Frequent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses (AIV), which are influenza A viruses, result in heavy economic and national damages. However, current diagnostic methods require about 5–7 days for AIV to be confirmed, which allows enough time for the widespread dissemination of the virus. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and accurate diagnosis of AIV. Here, we developed a diagnostic method using chip-based

The current diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) relies on laboratory-based tests since its clinical features are nonspecific, unlike other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, the development of a rapid and simple method for on-site detection of SARS-CoV is crucial for the identification and prevention of future SARS outbreaks. In this study, a simple colorimetric

Sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is highly important in clinical diagnosis because CEA is an effective tumor marker associated with gastric, lung, rectal, and breast cancers. Thus, the development of an accurate, simple, and efficient method for the detection of CEA remains a long-term clinical goal. In this study, a liquid crystal-based aptasensor was constructed for the labelfree

The increasing prevalence of the elderly in global society is being accompanied by rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cerebrovascular disease or diabetes, and patients with chronic wounds, including complications of ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Many studies have sought to develop wound sensors based on various targets. However, there is no proper device for in situ detection that uses

Economic development has raised concerns about human healthcare and disease prevention from its early stages. In that regard, the detection of biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis of diseases, and it is an essential tool for managing various health conditions. The clinical diagnostics industry is worth hundreds of billions of dollars and has been expanding. However, the traditional methods for

This study presents an easy paper-plastic hybrid microfluidic chip fabrication method that explored the use of oven baking a wax-printed pattern for microfluidic channel assembly combined with the use of a double-sided adhesive tape for layer binding. More specifically, the method includes printing of a wax pattern onto the CA film & oven baking of the pattern along with the backed NC membrane at 120°C

Injecting a room-temperature liquid metal into microchannels offers a simple, rapid, and low-cost method of fabricating microfluidic electrodes. In this work, these electrodes are used to develop a multichannel electroosmotic flow pump for high-flow-rate microfluidic bio analysis applications. In this pump, two identical square-wave shaped liquid metal electrodes were located at both ends of pumping

We have developed a novel paper-based molecular pathogen diagnostic method by combining the direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification (Direct LAMP) in a paper reactor and an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) detection without any DNA preparation step. The mineral paper is durable, oil- and tear-resistant, and waterproof, so it is a proper material for point-of-care (POC) testing owing to facile

Flow lithography in a conventional rectangular microchannel is limited to fabrication of particles for which only the shapes of top perimeters are controlled. We present a flow lithography technique for fabrication of microparticles of diverse 3D shapes and multiple layers using non-rectangular microchannels with designed cross sections that allow the creation of complex shapes and diverse cross-sectional

Although chemotherapy is mostly performed by direct injection of the chemotherapeutic agents systemically, this approach can cause undesirable side effects in normal tissues and lacks targeting efficiency. In this study, we have developed a micron-sized, bead-type multifunctional anticancer-drug carrier that can be injected in the vicinity of a lesion using a syringe. The multifunctional anticancer-drug

For fragment-based cancer drug discovery, we introduced a molecular docking simulation combined with a protein chip assay. Protein chip technology was used to find fragment-hits that had inhibitory activity against Bcl-2 protein from 131 pre-selected fragment chemicals. Molecular docking simulation was performed for the 12 identified fragment-hits to establish the binding mode of these compounds in

Fully automated system for sample preparation in molecular diagnostics was developed. The small cartridge with multiple chambers and a rotating valve was designed for automated processes such as extraction, separation and purifications during the DNA sample preparation. The automated processes such as injection, mixing, capturing and valve on/off motions were controlled by an affordable, motorized

Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) enables the accurate determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy numbers. In contrast to real-time PCR (qPCR), dPCR can perform quantification without requiring previous standard curve experiments. Furthermore, dPCR is more sensitive for rare targets in genetic samples. Despite the significant advantages of dPCR over qPCR, dPCR is not widely applied yet

Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) is involved in a variety of cellular processes and diseases via its transamidase and kinase activities, which are regulated by conformational changes induced by the binding of nucleotides and divalent cations. However, due to the lack of an appropriate assay system, the function of critical amino acid residues in the regulation of both activities is unclear. Thus, we designed

Boswellia Carterii, a well-known plant species used in Korean medicine, is particularly effective in anti-cancer and inflammatory diseases. Its gum created from white resin is known to have therapeutic effects. However, the study on the anti-cancer pathway is very limited in human pancreatic cancer cells. thus, we investigated the changes in overall oncologic gene expression when treated BC in AsPC-1

Microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organ-on-a-chip technology, combine cell culture models and microtechnology to mimic tissue microenvironment and provide improved physiological relevance of in vitro model systems. The unique advantage of MPS technology is manifested where multiple organs interact through complex mechanisms. Multi-organ MPS, or body-on-a-chip systems, aim to recapitulate

Reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is conventionally used method to analyze oncogenes, infected DNAs, and mutated tumor associated genes. However it is hard to detect rare genetic targets since the disturbance of undesired amplification often overrides the reaction of very few targets in a myriad of interfering genes. To solve the limitation, we developed primerimmobilized

We investigated the algorithm analysis of the bubble generation in a microfluidic device to study the effect of the surface tension and the flow rate on the microbubble size. For the analysis of the surface tension, five different solutions were used: 3.5% brine, mineral oil, 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, 1% tween 80, and 1% triton X-100. The various flow rates were also employed: 5∼15 µL/min for

Here, we present the successful application of two different preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) methods for a couple facing the genetic risk of Achondroplasia (ACH). The first preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) cycle was based on short tandem repeats (STRs) and 8 STRs were chosen. The multiple displacement amplification (MDA) products were analyzed using the informative

Altzre-testing (POCT) applications, its commercialization has been hampered due to complex fabrication processes or the need for additional lab instruments. In this study, tubing-based colourimetric and volumetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were developed for application in POCT of cortisol and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. Different solutions required for each assay

A We propose a novel quantitative assay for colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on the shift of UV-vis spectral absorbance of Eriochrome black T (EBT) dye. The colorimetric LAMP assay provides on-and-off result of the LAMP reaction, not quantitative information. Since the quantification of the initial copy number of DNA is of importance for genetic diagnostics, we, for