Abstract We studied the effects of quercetin (Q) on the behavioral responses and integral and metabolic indices in male db/db mice genetically predisposed to obesity and C57Bl/6J mice fed a diet with an excessive energy value. We examined forepaw grip strength, exploratory activity, anxiety, and short-term memory, as well as integral and biochemical indices, and the contents of leptin, ghrelin, and

Abstract— The ecological and taxonomic study of yeast communities of vineyards in Dagestan has demonstrated significant differentiation of species diversity depending on the type of substrate and plant ontogenesis. Thirty-three out of 44 yeast species were isolated from grape berries during the long-term study of this biotope. The seasonal occurrence of yeasts in agrocoenoses is characterized by the

Abstract Stomata polymorphism in leaves of apple trees (Malus domestica) growing under mountain and plain conditions has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. The leaves of this species were hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata and radially diverging cuticular folds combined into bundles (cuticular bundles), the number of which usually corresponded to the number of epidermal cells surrounding

Abstract Serratia marcescens, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria is classified as an opportunistic pathogen in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It causes a wide variety of infections in humans, including urinary, respiratory, ocular lens and ear infections, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, meningitis and septicemia. Unfortunately, over the past decade, antibiotic resistance has become a serious health care

Abstract It is revealed that dipeptides glycylglycine (GlyGly) and glycylaspartic acid (GlyAsp), as well as the amino acid glycine (Gly), appreciably stimulated the growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) regenerants and seedlings if they were present in a medium at 10–7 М. All three compounds GlyGly, GlyAsp, and Gly influenced the cell differentiation and morphogenic processes in

Abstract Evaluating temporal variability of CO2 efflux from the tree trunks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are presented. The field measurements were performed by the chamber method in a swampy cotton grassy–sphagnum pine forest in Yaroslavl region and in a highly productive grassy–bilberry pine forest on well drained sandy soils in the Serebryaniy Bor forest service area in Moscow region. Tree

Abstract The fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas of the red king crab from the Barents Sea was studied. Polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated among the fatty acids analyzed (11 792 ± 592 μg/g, 45.3 ± 0.7% of the total fatty acid concentration). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were found in approximately equal proportions accounting for 7825 ± 454 μg/g (28.3 ± 0.4%) and

Abstract The individual linear growth of 90 specimens of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera was studied by measuring the successive annual rings on the surface of the shell. It was found that the growth of each mollusk can be described using a united equation, a particular case of which is the Bertalanffy equation with an average growth retardation coefficient a = 0.048 year–1

Abstract The spatial and genetic structure of the Eptesicus nilssonii population was studied. The species is characterized by conservatism of wintering sites. The key territories in the gene flow between colonies are swarming sites. After wintering, most individuals fly to a distance not exceeding 15 km, which is confirmed by the positive values of genetic isolation distance (p ≤ 0.05). Females are

Abstract The short-term effects of salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids on the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze for in vitro cultures were studied. It was found that the acids did not change the morphophysiological parameters of the callus cultures. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde and phenolic compounds, including their monomeric (phenylpropanoids and flavans) and oligomeric (proanthocyanidins)

Abstract— Mitogenomic data can provide valuable information that can be used to elucidate and reveal the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships. Recently, mitogenomes generated using high-throughput sequencing technologies have become more applicable in association with advanced analytical tools. In this study, to provide mitogenomic data for the Indian crested porcupine and to disclose

Abstract The level of CO2 production and the growth dynamics of the biomass of Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac2017D (Russia) and the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae OenofermC2 (France) were determined in cultivation media with variously reduced (from 10 to 150 ppm) deuterium concentration. The maximum increase in the rhodococcal biomass was shown in the media with a deuterium concentration of

Abstract It has been noted that caudal autotomy as a way of defending against predators in recent reptiles is characteristic solely of lepidosaurs and is absent in crocodiles and turtles. It was found that, in the order Rhynchocephalia and in representatives of the majority of families of lizards, intravertebral (IntraVB) autotomy is a widespread phenomenon, whereas agamid lizards and some snakes do

Abstract On the basis of previously published materials, which include data on the morphology of the shells of adult mollusks and larvae (glochidia), as well as the results of molecular phylogenetic studies, a critical analysis of the subspecies taxonomy of the Far Eastern Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820, namely, the subfamilies Unioninae Rafinesque, 1820 and Anodontinae Rafinesque, 1820, has been performed

Abstract Comparative analysis of chymus transformation have been carried out in Saiga tatarica kept at the Center for Wild Animals of Kalmykia, as well as in four wild Bovidae species: the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica, the East Caucasian tur C. cylindricornis, the chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, and the bighorn sheep Ovis сanadensis. The size composition of cellulose fibers and the nutrient content were

Abstract It was shown that the level of nitric oxide metabolites in the blood plasma of people with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) is significantly higher than that of healthy donors. This pattern did not depend on the stage of the disease, but on the age of the subjects, as well as on whether patients with cardio-selective β-adrenoreceptor blockers take them or not. It was established that

Abstract This article discusses work on assessing the digestibility of a concentrate of Hermetia illucens larvae in fish with gastrointestinal digestion (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, red tilapia Oreochromis mosambicus × O. niloticus). It was found that this digestibility index of the larvae concentrate was 67–74%. At the same time, fish species consumed

Abstract To elucidate the reproductive activity of the Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) in polluted Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan), the seasonal patterns of growth of its gonad, adductor muscle, and digestive gland were studied. As the results of this study have shown, spawning in this polluted bay leads to a decrease in the weight of not only the gonads, but also the

Abstract— The effects of bright light and high temperature stresses on the genetic diversity of a Fragaria vesca L. clone recovered from meristems frozen in liquid nitrogen after two years of cultivation in vitro were analyzed. After two-year cultivation in vitro of post-cryogenic plant material, the percentage of polymorphic DNA-markers, which was half (4.5%) of its initial value after cryopreservation

Abstract— This article presents the measurement results of CO2 and heat fluxes using the eddy covariance system between an old-age spruce forest and the atmosphere. It further examines daily and seasonal courses of CO2 net exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross photosynthesis. A close relationship has been established between the average daily CO2 net exchange and net radiation over the course

Abstract This article addresses the question of the role of morphallactic and epimorphic events in regeneration and asexual reproduction in annelids. It was shown that tissue reorganization and changes at the molecular level occur already at the very early stages of regenerative processes. These data indicate that morphallaxis is required for all progressive stages of full epimorphic regeneration,

Abstract The effect of plant antimicrobial peptides on the initiation of callus and embryonal suspensor masses, formation of somatic embryos, and germination of regenerants of Siberian larch has been studied. Protein/peptide extracts isolated from Amarantus retroflexus (seeds), Nigella sativa (seeds), and Elytrigia elongata (spikelets) have been used as objects of plant origin. Peptides have been introduced

Abstract—The spatial structure, demographic indicators, and seed productivity of Delphinium macropogon Prokh. in Talgi gorge are considered. It was noted that the population of D. macropogon is characterized by significant sparseness and low seed productivity. The age structure of the population is incomplete with the predominance of young generative individuals. It was shown that the demographic variables

Abstract It is noted that plant roots make a significant contribution to the formation of technozems during self-overgrowing of the technogenic substrate. The rate of decomposition of a mixture of fine roots (<0.5 mm thick) of meadow arbuscular mycorrhiza species (AM) in comparison with forest ecto mycorrhiza species (EM) in the ash substrate from the power station was studied in a 150-day experiment

Abstract The stability of development (in terms of the fluctuating asymmetry of leaf measurements) was studied in populations of the silver birch Betula pendula from different parts of the range under varying degrees of anthropogenic impact (under the influence of industrial facilities in the territory of Khakassia and the Belgorod region and in the urbanized environment in Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, and

Abstract The development stability has been assessed (by the magnitude of the fluctuating asymmetry of craniological traits) with the change in the number of the Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae in Mongolia. It has been shown that an increase in the abundance of this species is not accompanied by a violation of developmental stability, but occurs against the background of a high abundance of

Abstract The main phenological dates, including the unfolding of the first leaves, mass yellowing of the leaves, and the duration of the vegetation period, were evaluated for the silver birch Betula pendula in 2005–2018 in the central part of the European territory of Russia to identify possible phenological trends under global climate change. Evidence on a negative trend in the time of the unfolding

Abstract This paper considers the importance of monitoring the state of biological diversity as a priority area of research in the context of increasing anthropogenic impact and global climate change, modern requirements for indicators that can be used to solve this issue, and approaches for characterizing the background state and its possible deviations based on studies of homeostatic mechanisms to

Abstract The results of long-term bioindication studies aimed to evaluate the state of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in Yoshkar-Ola under different anthropogenic load conditions are presented. An increase in the morphometric indices of the shoot system and leaf lamina area under anthropogenic load was observed. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) index of B. pendula leaves growing on short shoots

Abstract The ontogenetic spectrum registers the age states of plants and is a sensitive population-based indicator of environmental changes. This is a review of population-ontogenetic methods for studies of plant populations (cenopopulations) based on the ontogenetic spectra. New age indices—the youth index and the maturity index—are introduced. For the recovery index, some boundaries for the levels

Abstract A comparative analysis of the phenetic pool of mammalian populations has been performed on the basis of two groups of characters: odontological and craniological proper. In total, 1637 skulls belonging to seven species were analyzed. It is shown that the values of population parameters (the intrapopulation diversity, proportion of rare phenes, and fluctuating asymmetry) are significantly different

Abstract— This article considers the problem of the integrity of biological systems in adverse conditions. Based on the results of original studies, analysis has been performed of the reactions of structures at various levels of organization of plant items to extreme conditions of the Far North from the standpoint of changes in the density of their internal connections. Taking into account the idea

Abstract Thyroid hormones (THs) are the most important regulators of coloration ontogeny in teleosts. It has been shown experimentally that alterations in the hormonal status due to prolonged treatment with a biologically active form of THs, triiodothyronine, causes changes in the development of adult pigment patterns in bilaterally symmetrical Amatitlania nigrofasciata and Poecilia wingei. Induced

Abstract The paper addresses the habitat conditions and genetic structure of a common hamster population at the initial stage of formation in an urban environment. This sinurbic species formed a large population in the newly established Presidential Park in the center of the City of Nur-Sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan, within a relatively short period (no more than 12 years) due to a complex of favorable

Abstract A procedure for dividing species into ecogeographic units (EGUs) and ecogeographic aggregations (EGAs) identified according to data on habitat gradients and distinctive features of migration (gene flows) is discussed. It is noted that every EGU or EGA can be regarded as a unit of reserves, reproduction, exploitation, or protection.

Abstract Responses of the mammalian population (Micromammalia and game species) to the technogenic transformation of natural landscapes in different regions of Yakutia are studied. It is established that game species are mainly affected by direct persecution, and the transformation of the population of small mammals depends primarily on the intensity of technogenic landscape transformation and geographical

Abstract For the first time, reconstruction was carried out and a comparative analysis of the evolution of the parameters of biological diversity (species richness, entropy, dominance index, measure of organization, etc.) of mammalian complexes of six mountain regions of Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene was performed. It was shown that their reactions to the MIS 5e and MIS 1 interglacial conditions

Abstract Nitrogen-fixing activity of microorganisms in the intestines of Crane fly (Tipulidae) larvae and their influence on the processes of microbial nitrogen fixation in soil have been studied. Two independent methods have shown high rates of nitrogenase activity in the digestive tract of larvae, which is determined mainly by transit nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Nitrogen fixers actively developing

Abstract The dependence of recovery of the soil zoocoenosis on succession of the plant community after soil remediation was examined. An increase in the population density of invertebrates was registered in the following phytocoenotic succession on the “agrochemical techniques” experimental site: no plants—low projective cover—high projective cover (5100 ± 1340, 12 400 ± 2823, and 22 040 ± 3008 ind

Abstract The natural isolate of xylotrophic basidiomycetes Hericium erinaceus BP 16 was cultivated artificially to produce fruiting bodies from which the polysaccharide-containing fraction (PF) was isolated by extraction with hot water (70°C), followed by precipitation with 96% ethanol. Residues of rhamnose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in the ratio of 7 : 8 : 1 : 19

Abstract The effects of cryopreservation for different periods of time on the amplitudes of AMPA (α‑amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamatergic ionotropic mechanisms and the action potential of the lateral olfactory tract (AP LOT) at –20°C and subsequent warming to 37°C was studied. Experiments were performed on brain slices of 22 nonhibernating

Abstract All taxa of Erigeron sect. Conyza are invasive in the Mediterranean basin. Three species, E. bonariensis, E. canadensis, and E. sumatrensis, are the most widespread in Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Based on analysis of the morphological features (the shape and the diameter of inflorescences, the degree of the pubescence of the shoots and leaves), several individuals could not be attributed to

Abstract We built a map of the distribution of earthworm abundance in coniferous forests in the area affected by long-term emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter. It is established that a “lumbricide desert” of about 65 km2 without earthworms in the forest litter and soil mineral horizons has been formed near the smelter due to extremely high concentrations of heavy metals. However, we have

Abstract—The long-term dynamics of the macrozoobenthos and concentrations of plant pigments in silts of the riverine reach of the reservoir for the period of 1947–2015 are discussed. We have found that the abundance of the macrozoobenthos and the content of sedimentary pigments have significantly increased in recent years. In the temporal aspect, statistically significant relationships of the sum content