Abstract Protostomia and Deuterostomia as coelomic animals have a deterministic (mosaic) and regulatory development. The embryogenesis of Protostomia has no tendency toward regulation, which, however, is well developed in Deuterostomia. In our works, the ability to regulate the development of echinoderms, including the effect of gravitational fields on embryos, has been investigated. After centrifugation

Abstract Biochemical adaptations of energy metabolism and some pathways of glucose oxidation during a change in salinity of the environment in larvae and smolts of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.) inhabiting the White Sea were studied. We assayed the activity of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (COХ), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Abstract Genetic markers (sex-specific loci of Ga1 and Ga2) have been used to analyze the sex ratio of the threespine stickleback at different stages of ontogenesis. The progeny of all individually tested females includes both males and females, and no significant departures from a 1 : 1 sex ratio has been found in embryos from the natural nests. Juveniles did not demonstrate a sex bias up to one-and-a-half

Abstract A comparative study of some parameters of nonspecific immunity in the Angelinskii rubella-resistant variant of the scaly and mirror groups of carp in the prespawning and late feeding periods was carried out. The level of the antimicrobial properties of the C-reactive protein, nonspecific immune complexes in the blood serum, and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were studied. The study showed

Abstract The present study, the protective effect of Olea europaea L. leaf extract containing high oleuropein on oxidative damage in ischemic and non-ischemic parts of rat liver was investigated. The Spraque-dawley male rats were separated into five groups. The physiological water was given to Group I and Group II. Group III, IV, and V animals received orally 150, 200 and 400 mg kg–1/day olive leaf

Abstract The age-related variability of the frequency and structural–temporal parameters of the advertising song of Ficedula hypoleuca males in natural habitats and the urban environment were analysed. In the natural habitats, the range of male song frequencies, the maximal frequency, the number of figures, and the length of the song decreased from the third year of life. Similar age-related song changes

Abstract Cirrhinus mrigala is an Indian major carp originally inhabitant of the Ganga River system in Northern India. There is paucity of knowledge on age and growth of this commercially important species from Ganges basin. To fulfill this gap, 250 samples of C. mrigala were collected from the main channel of Ganga River and its five major drainages to evaluate intra-basin variations in age and growth

Abstract Changes in the motivational component of rheoreaction (the ratio of rheoreaction types) during starvation in some fish species has been analyzed. The presence of fish motivation to migrate (before starvation) is the major pattern of the future changes in the motivational component of rheoreaction resulting from starvation. All fish of the families Cyprinidae and Salmonidae studied with initially

Abstract The actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 89 with antagonistic activity towards plant pathogens was isolated from the typical chernozem. Antibiotic substances with physiological activity against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria were isolated from the actinomycete biomass and identified. It was shown that the ratio of the components of the actinomycete antibiotic complex is largely determined by

Abstract On the basis of biomimetic, phylometabolic, and thermodynamic analysis of modern CO2 assimilation pathways, a paleophenotypic reconstruction of ancient autotrophic metabolism systems was carried out. As a chemical basis for CO2 fixation paleometabolism, metabolic networks capable of self-reproduction and evolution are considered, and the reversibility of the transformation reactions of its

Abstract— The complete life cycle and the stages in the trematode Gynaecotyla adunca (Linton, 1905) (Yamaguti, 1939) from two different biotopes are described. The findings have revealed that, in the Black Sea, the trematodes G. adunca parasitize gastropods Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) as their first intermediate hosts and the shrimp Palaemon adspersus (Rathke, 1837) as the second intermediate

Abstract The hormonal status, photosynthesis rate, and productivity of nontransformed and Bt-gene transformed potato plants of the Superior variety were studied. It was shown that during forced dormancy, the ABA content in the eyes of tubers of transformed plants was two times higher than that of nontransformed plants, while the content of IAA and zeatin was 1.5 times lower. The ratio of zeatin/ABA

Abstract For the first time, the process of encapsulation of acanthocephalans in a paratenic host has been investigated experimentally. It was shown that the formation of a leukocytal capsule around the acanthocephalan Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) (Luhe, 1904) in Middendorffʼs eelpout Hadropareia middendorffii (Schmidt, 1904) occurs in three stages. In the first days after the penetration

Abstract For the first time, using the example of a key object of the peat river valleys of the Kuznetsk Alatau occupied by spruce forests, it is shown that swamp waters are clearly differentiated by the content of the main ions due to forest–peat fires. Swamp waters objectively form three groups: (1) waters of the original type of mineral nutrition (fresh, soft), (2) waters of peatland covered by

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021440011

Abstract The hematological and cytochemical parameters of the peripheral blood of the spotted barracudina Arctozenus risso and the sharpchin barracudina Paralepis coregonoides (Paralepididae) are studied for the first time from the materials of a survey in the Irminger Sea in 2018. It was shown that erythropoiesis in both fish species studied is approximately the same. Normoblasts and erythrocytes

Abstract Data on the concentration of 137Cs is obtained from soils, food plants, and muscle tissue of seven species of game animals (wild reindeer, elk, roe deer, musk deer, bighorn sheep, white hare, and brown bear) in the tundra and taiga zones of Yakutia. It has been shown that reindeer and musk deer are consumers of bushy lichens, are characterized by a relatively high content of 137Cs (up to 51

Abstract The effect of pine provenance trials of Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. grown in Krasnoyarsk and Khabarovsk krais on the chemical and biological parameters of gray forest and brown forest soils in the rhizosphere and between rows of plantations is compared. It is shown that the interspecies heterogeneity of pines affects the chemical composition of the soil, the

Abstract The composition of metabolites in the coelomic fluid of the starfish Asterina pectinifera and sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus was studied under normal and hypoxic conditions using NMR spectroscopy. Their change after keeping animals under hypoxia was shown. Sea urchins revealed the presence of anaerobic metabolism, which intensifies under stress in conditions of hypoxia. No similar mechanism

Abstract— Data on the variability of the mtDNA nucleotide sequence of cytochrome b of pink salmon from successive generations were obtained. There was a higher level of divergence between samples of the line of even years from rivers in different regions than in the successive generation. At the same time, some geographically close populations had statistically significant differences in the genetic

Abstract The musculature architectonics of the body, the attachment organs, and the genital ducts of Gyrocotyle urna is described. It is shown that the lateral folds of the body and the rosette blades are characterized by the least amount and variety of musculature. In the integument, the position of each spine is regulated by three muscle groups. Most of the genital ducts are surrounded by a muscular

Abstract It was found that short exogenous peptides GlyGly and GlyAsp and the amino acid Gly can have a selective effect on the expression of genes for DNA-methyltransferases and SNF2 proteins from Nicotiana tabacum regenerants. It was noted that Gly and GlyGly decrease the expression of DNA methyltransferase genes (except for CMT3) and increase the expression of CMT3 by almost 30%. It was established

Abstract This paper examines the autumn retranslocation of heavy metals (HMs), namely Cu, Zn, and Cd, from the photosynthetic organs of woody plants. This study was carried out in the subtaiga ecosystems in the southern part of the Meshchera Lowlands (Ryazan oblast, Russia). It is shown that three factors affect the HM retranslocation from ageing leaves: (1) the properties of the chemical element (degree

Abstract Plant functional traits have been used to obtain maximum information on plant growth and resource-use strategy. Westoby (1998) developed a functional strategy called LHS (specific leaf area, plant height and seed weight) and these traits are assumed to encompass the main functional differences among plant species because leaf, plant morphological and reproductive traits play an important role

Abstract Wheat refers to a critical grain crop in China, and ensuring the stable, high quality, high yielding production of wheat is of significance to China’s food security. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), i.e., amino-oligosaccharide, is a bio-pesticide readily absorbed by crop plants, capable of improving nutrient absorption and reproductive growth. This study aimed to determine the effects of COS

Abstract— The impact of a heat-stable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (HSTYp) on the markers of functional activity and phenotypes of P1- and P2-type phagocytes was studied in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix. In the control, P1 and P2 phagocytes differed in the levels of apoptosis and reduced glutathione, as well as in the surface receptor binding to some plant lectins. HSTYp (0.2–2 μg/mL)

Abstract— The vegetation history of the Alсan Creek peat deposit on Shemya Island (the Near Islands of the Aleutian Arc) has been reconstructed. We chose this flat island because there are no volcanoes on it and they have less impact on the vegetation. The sedge tundra dominated until 7000 years ago. Then it was replaced by mire with a noticeable participation of Sphagnum and Equisetum during the Holocene

Abstract Grass flies of the genus Meromyza have been grouped by the COI mtDNA locus into several clusters, which corresponds to the morphological characteristics of the anterior processes of postgonites (APs) in the male genital apparatus. In the present study, the strategies of changes in the form of APs that have developed during the evolution of the group have been investigated. To study the ways

Abstract It is known that the alpha isoform of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90α) plays an important role in wound healing. HSP90α has a stimulating effect on migration and invasion of cells in the wound area. The role of beta isoform of HSP90 (HSP90β) in wound healing has not been fully determined. Recombinant human HSP90β expressed in E. coli has been obtained and characterized in the present work. By

Abstract Actinomycetes derived from unfamiliar surroundings are considered as a promising supply for novel bioactive compounds comprising a broad range of biological actions. The current study was carried out to find out the bioactive adjacent to resistant pathogenic strains. During the study, 46 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from the soil sediment sample collected from Manasbal Lake of Kashmir

Abstract This paper reviews the combined indexes created to reflect the importance of a species (species population) in an individual biocoenosis, in a region (regional or spatial complex), and in a class (type) of biocoenoses. The main features of the indexes, such as the parameters included, structures of formulas, areas of applicability, and limitations of use are discussed. The content of some

Abstract Physiological structures, components and elements are critical for cultivating a healthy crop. The use of alternative products to promote plant growth and health is required for a growing demand. Leaf chlorophyll concentration, chloroplast ultrastructure as well as element concentration in the shoots and roots of maize treated with industrial by-products were investigated. These included flue

Abstract In order to obtain starter cultures for new fermented milk products, the influence of growing conditions (temperature, the ratio of the number of lactic acid bacteria introduced (LAB)) on the interaction of LAB with probiotic properties was studied. The manifestation of organoleptic, antimicrobial properties is shown when using compositions of LAB of various genera and species.

Abstract Individual linear growth was studied in 23 specimens of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera by measuring successive annual growth rings on the shell surface. It is demonstrated that the growth of each mussel can be described by a single equation, of which a particular case is the von Bertalanffy equation with an average growth deceleration coefficient of a = 0.048 year–1

Abstract A complex of parameters of the blood system of BALB/c mice was studied using alkanes symmetrically and asymmetrically replaced with heterocyclic amines, which protected 85–100% of mice after total exposure to 137Cs γ-radiation at the minimum lethal dose. The ability of substances of different structures to protect hematopoietic tissue in in vivo and in vitro experiments has been established

Abstract Different extracts of solitary marine tunicates have attracted attention as a source of amazing secondary metabolites with a wide range of promising potential biological effects. In the current study the antibacterial activity of the Persian Gulf marine tunicate “Phallusia nigra,” against the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Abstract The monitoring studies of carbon transformation in different soil types of agroecosystems under aerotechnogenic contamination by heavy metals in years differing from the climatic norm are analyzed. The negative effects of changing environmental conditions on the content of microbial biomass and CO2 emission in different soils have been evaluated experimentally. The ecophysiological parameters

Abstract In parthenogenetic hybrid Darevskia armeniaca species, the development of early oogenesis and early meiosis were analyzed. It has been shown for the first time that the number of synаptonemal complexes (SCs) of bivalents during the stages of early pachуtena–diplotena of the meiotic prophase 1 is constantly equal to the haploid number, 19. The SC karyotype is presented. The results of comparative

Abstract The ecological role of the extracellular production of phytoplankton is discussed. The experiments based on a radiocarbon method combined with differential filtration of water samples have shown that approximately 20% of the phytoplankton production is transformed into bacterial production in marine and fresh waters of different trophic status.

Abstract Awareness of the habitat needs of top predators is vital for viability of wildlife populations. During 2017–2018, 32 points of presence signs of the Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) were spotted and they were associated to 6 environmental variables. The maximum entropy (Maxent) model was used to predict the distribution of Persian leopards in the Gisakan, south-western Iran. The

Abstract We examine possible ways of functional adjustment of morphologically similar alimentary tracts in rodents with different dietary specializations. We study the structure of stomach and gut epithelial surface as well as the features of its colonization with microorganisms in five gerbil species: Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus, Gerbillus henleyi, G. andersoni, and G. dasyurus. Data on the

Abstract Eragrostis tef is a increasingly becoming popular in different parts of the world as cereal due to its wide acceptability in extreme environmental conditions where most other cereals failed to make impact. NF-X1-like proteins belongs to transcription factors and involved in variety of processes during the life time of plants. Only few reports are available for NF-X1-like proteins in different

Abstract The second part of this article focuses on subjects devoted to mathematical modeling of the evolution of limited populations and migration affecting the dynamics of coupled populations and the patterns of their spatial distribution. The purpose of this article is to present developed approaches and mathematical discrete-time models to study the emergence of multistability, synchronization

Abstract An aqueous extract was obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae using the electro-pulse plasma-dynamic method. The extract was highly effective in quenching the chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide. It contained the dark pigment melanin with a concentration of paramagnetic centers of 8.3 × 1016 spin/g of dry matter and antioxidant activity

Abstract It was found that changes in the mortality rate with age, minus the background constant of the Gompertz–Makeham formula, the increment in the mortality rate, as well as the exponential coefficient of this formula, reflect the actual rate of human aging. Using age-related mortality data for 40 countries, it is shown that the rate of aging does not change significantly over history and is almost

Abstract— A comparative survey of the published data concerning the effects of the most frequently used metal nanoparticles and their oxides on the main parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus activity and the chloroplast ultrastructure of higher plants is presented. It is demonstrated that metal nanoparticles are capable of both stimulating and suppressing activities towards the photosynthetic

Abstract For the first time, mathematical methods are used to assess the restoration of secondary virgin lands on dry-steppe fallow lands under the influence of artificial protective forest stands, a mandatory component of modern agroforest landscapes. Using variance analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the method of correlation pleiades, it is established that artificial stands significantly

Abstract The vitality structure of forest stands and the annual radial increment of Scots pine trees of different vital state categories growing in the northern taiga middle-aged lichen pine forests and woodlands of the Kola Peninsula have been studied. This study has shown a prevalence (60–75%) of weakened and strongly weakened trees in the Scots pine forests and woodlands; the fraction of healthy

Abstract— The expression of the genes encoding the inhibitors of serine (ISP) and cysteine ​​proteinases (ICP) was studied in the roots of tomato plants resistant and susceptible to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita during infection and under the effects of signaling molecules: salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids. It was shown that, upon infection, resistant plants are characterized by

Abstract Over many years of field studies (1958–2017), we determined that, under the conditions of the northern periphery of the range, the rate of sexual maturation of bank vole juveniles depends on the calendar date of birth more than on the absolute age. It was noted that individuals can reproduce as early as 25–30 days after birth. The earlier the animals are born, the faster they grow and develop

Abstract The physiological changes in G. mellonella larvae treated with unirradiated and 2 Gy gamma irradiated S. carpocapsae had been investigated. The results indicated that S. carpocapsae exhibited a significant decrease in the total body concentrations of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and urea of 5th larval of G. mellonella with increasing the infection incubation period. Moreover, the decrease

Abstract The in vitro effects of amorphous phenol and its liquid fractions formed 12 months after production were studied in seven freshwater bony fish species: the common carp Cyprinus carpio L., bream Abramis brama (L.), silver bream Blicca bjoerkna (L.), roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), perch Perca fluviatilis L., and sander Zander lucioperca (L.). The study revealed that the effects of amorphous phenol

Abstract We previously demonstrated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), improves the development of cat-cow interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos. In this study, we investigated if 50 nM TSA treatment for 24 h would improve the rate of embryo development to the blastocyst stage in cat-pig iSCNT embryos, compared with cat-cow iSCNT embryos under same treatment

Abstract Using one of the methods of geometric morphometry, we have shown significant differences in the shape of the upper molars of the edible dormouse, Glis glis L., of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. The similarity of these long-isolated populations in the mitochondrial cytb gene has also been shown. We assume that changes in morphological structures are more rapid than random cytb gene changes

Abstract A new index, phyto-indicator of variation of environment (PHIVE), is introduced based on the normalized lengths of the intersection of the amplitudes (intervals) of an ecological scale of all plant species that grow in a given habitat. It reflects the diversity of niches colonized by plants at the given point in time. The index can be applied to each scale separately or can represent averaged

Abstract A correlation analysis between chlorophyll a, nitrogen, and phosphorus compounds in Rybinsk Reservoir is carried out. During certain periods of the study, a significant correlation between chlorophyll a and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is shown. The response of phytoplankton to the total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations is evaluated.

Abstract The effects of low temperature (4°C) on the rate of lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the roots and leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were determined under laboratory conditions. The root medium contained the optimal (2 μM) zinc concentrations or high ones (1000 μM). It was found that, under optimal mineral nutrition, such cooling

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of commercial Lactobacillus probiotic and iron nanoparticles on some blood biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp (mean weight 50 g) was fed in six treatments with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/g iron oxide nanoparticles and 108 CFU/g commercial Lactobacillus probiotic either together or separately for 56 days. After

Abstract In the present study, ninety-four macro fungi isolates were screened for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A degradation potential by their culture filtrates. Decreasing toxin amounts were determined by a semi-quantitative HPTLC method. The degradation capacity of the selected ten macrofungi isolates for each toxin was confirmed additionally by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The

Abstract The structure of the complex inflorescences of Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold et Zucc. and Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. was studied using physiognomic, structural, and fractal approaches. It is established that physiologically different inflorescences have a general structure, pleiothyrse, and the same number of flowers. The structure of inflorescences is generally orderly and has a modular organization