Abstract The variation in four characters (three craniometrical and one nonmetric with supplemental bones) was investigated in 105 craniums of musk deer in different phases (depression and growth) of the population cycle from the East Sayan mountains. The duration of the cycle was 50 years, which corresponds to ten generations of animals. The results obtained show the multidirectional relation of skull

Abstract A characterization of long-term station and field studies (1958–2017) on the tiaga in northwestern Russia is given for the population-ecology features of reproduction of the bank vole, including those associated with its habitat at the northern borders of its distribution: reproductive cycles and the timing, course, and intensity of reproduction. According to the dates, including from the

Abstract INH2 homologous genes encoding vacuolar invertase inhibitor were identified in 37 Solanaceae species, and the INH2 polymorphism was evaluated. A significant level of interspecific polymorphism of the INH2 coding sequence was found within the Petota and Lycopersicon sections, which corresponds to the high mutation rate during the evolution of the INH2 genes and presumably associated with the

Abstract The change in the composition of the protein fraction of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) plerocercoids during incubation in a medium containing blood serum of their host—the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius (Coregonidae)—was investigated. The change in the composition of the protein fraction of the incubation medium also was studied. On the one hand, the appearance of new high-molecular

Abstract— The effect of the stage of development of a malignant tumor on successful detection in the urine of animals with oncology by dogs was studied. It was demonstrated that the success of dogs in the search for sick organisms among healthy ones is quite consistent with the dynamics of the development of transplanted tumor tissue; that is, dogs are able to perceive both the entire spectrum of volatile

Abstract The first molecular identification and comparison of the spectrum of representatives of the order Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in sponges and on the outer skin of fishes under native conditions of Lake Baikal and under the conditions of aquarium exhibits were conducted. A similar spectrum of water molds in fish and sponges in aquarium exhibits and the presence in sponges in Lake Baikal of a species

Abstract The ground (Cladina arbuscula, C. rangiferina, C. stellaris, Cetraria islandica) and epiphytic (Hypogymnia physodes and Bryoria subcana) lichens in taiga forests of the European Northeast were examined as habitats of oribatid mites. In total, in different species of lichens, 55 species of oribatids from 30 families were found. Five ecological groups of oribatid mites as inhabitants of lichens

Abstract— Gene electrotransfer is an effective and promising gene delivery technique in clinical applications, such as DNA vaccination and gene therapy. An improved gene therapy protocol depends on the the proper establishment of the gene transfer method. Electroporation has been widely employed in in vitro and in vivo protocols, and increaing its transfection efficiency has been the field of research

Abstract— Results of the analysis of IRBP (interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein) nuclear DNA gene variability in birch mice of the genus Sicista reflect monophyly of the betulina group and confirm the substantial genetic isolation of the sibling species S. betulina and S. strandi within this group. Using Tamura’s 3‑parameter model T92, it is shown that the mean genetic distances between S. betulina

Abstract This study was aimed at evaluating the neuroprotective effect of N-docosahexaenoyldopamine (DHA-DA), an endogenous bioactive lipid of the neurolipin family, on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of mouse fetuses in a cell culture under exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium+ (MPP+), a specific neurotoxin for catecholaminergic neurons. The state of neurons in the experiment (MPP+) and in the

Abstract The effect of the drug Stimforte on infection by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been studied. Stimforte partially inhibits HCV infection at a dose of 100 μg/mouse and almost completely at a dose of 300 μg/mouse within 24 h after administration of the drug. The mice sera resulting after 24 h in the presence of 100 and 300 µg/mouse of Stimforte effectively inhibit the production of HCV. Doses

Abstract Relationships between the detection time of the target objects (drugs) and the individual behavioral characteristics of dogs have been studied. The following parameters of the individual behavior of the dogs were recorded: Sociability, Activity, Play, Reactions to the unexpected appearance of an unfamiliar object, and Noise. It has been noted that the dogs with high rates of sociability and

Abstract The participation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of muscle tissue was analyzed. It is shown that rat bone marrow MSCs do not show potency for myogenic differentiation in vitro under the influence of appropriate inducers and rarely fuse with myoblasts when co-cultured. However, the factors they release stimulate differentiation of myogenic cells. It is noted that in

AbstractWe studied the effects of quercetin (Q) on the behavioral responses and integral and metabolic indices in male db/db mice genetically predisposed to obesity and C57Bl/6J mice fed a diet with an excessive energy value. We examined forepaw grip strength, exploratory activity, anxiety, and short-term memory, as well as integral and biochemical indices, and the contents of leptin, ghrelin, and

Abstract—The ecological and taxonomic study of yeast communities of vineyards in Dagestan has demonstrated significant differentiation of species diversity depending on the type of substrate and plant ontogenesis. Thirty-three out of 44 yeast species were isolated from grape berries during the long-term study of this biotope. The seasonal occurrence of yeasts in agrocoenoses is characterized by the

AbstractStomata polymorphism in leaves of apple trees (Malus domestica) growing under mountain and plain conditions has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. The leaves of this species were hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata and radially diverging cuticular folds combined into bundles (cuticular bundles), the number of which usually corresponded to the number of epidermal cells surrounding

AbstractSerratia marcescens, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria is classified as an opportunistic pathogen in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It causes a wide variety of infections in humans, including urinary, respiratory, ocular lens and ear infections, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, meningitis and septicemia. Unfortunately, over the past decade, antibiotic resistance has become a serious health care

AbstractIt is revealed that dipeptides glycylglycine (GlyGly) and glycylaspartic acid (GlyAsp), as well as the amino acid glycine (Gly), appreciably stimulated the growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) regenerants and seedlings if they were present in a medium at 10–7 М. All three compounds GlyGly, GlyAsp, and Gly influenced the cell differentiation and morphogenic processes in the

AbstractEvaluating temporal variability of CO2 efflux from the tree trunks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are presented. The field measurements were performed by the chamber method in a swampy cotton grassy–sphagnum pine forest in Yaroslavl region and in a highly productive grassy–bilberry pine forest on well drained sandy soils in the Serebryaniy Bor forest service area in Moscow region. Tree

AbstractThe fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas of the red king crab from the Barents Sea was studied. Polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated among the fatty acids analyzed (11 792 ± 592 μg/g, 45.3 ± 0.7% of the total fatty acid concentration). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were found in approximately equal proportions accounting for 7825 ± 454 μg/g (28.3 ± 0.4%) and

AbstractThe individual linear growth of 90 specimens of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera was studied by measuring the successive annual rings on the surface of the shell. It was found that the growth of each mollusk can be described using a united equation, a particular case of which is the Bertalanffy equation with an average growth retardation coefficient a = 0.048 year–1 and

AbstractThe spatial and genetic structure of the Eptesicus nilssonii population was studied. The species is characterized by conservatism of wintering sites. The key territories in the gene flow between colonies are swarming sites. After wintering, most individuals fly to a distance not exceeding 15 km, which is confirmed by the positive values of genetic isolation distance (p ≤ 0.05). Females are

AbstractThe short-term effects of salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids on the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze for in vitro cultures were studied. It was found that the acids did not change the morphophysiological parameters of the callus cultures. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde and phenolic compounds, including their monomeric (phenylpropanoids and flavans) and oligomeric (proanthocyanidins)

Abstract—Mitogenomic data can provide valuable information that can be used to elucidate and reveal the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships. Recently, mitogenomes generated using high-throughput sequencing technologies have become more applicable in association with advanced analytical tools. In this study, to provide mitogenomic data for the Indian crested porcupine and to disclose

AbstractThe level of CO2 production and the growth dynamics of the biomass of Rhodococcus erythropolis VKM Ac2017D (Russia) and the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae OenofermC2 (France) were determined in cultivation media with variously reduced (from 10 to 150 ppm) deuterium concentration. The maximum increase in the rhodococcal biomass was shown in the media with a deuterium concentration of

AbstractIt has been noted that caudal autotomy as a way of defending against predators in recent reptiles is characteristic solely of lepidosaurs and is absent in crocodiles and turtles. It was found that, in the order Rhynchocephalia and in representatives of the majority of families of lizards, intravertebral (IntraVB) autotomy is a widespread phenomenon, whereas agamid lizards and some snakes do

AbstractOn the basis of previously published materials, which include data on the morphology of the shells of adult mollusks and larvae (glochidia), as well as the results of molecular phylogenetic studies, a critical analysis of the subspecies taxonomy of the Far Eastern Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820, namely, the subfamilies Unioninae Rafinesque, 1820 and Anodontinae Rafinesque, 1820, has been performed

AbstractComparative analysis of chymus transformation have been carried out in Saiga tatarica kept at the Center for Wild Animals of Kalmykia, as well as in four wild Bovidae species: the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica, the East Caucasian tur C. cylindricornis, the chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, and the bighorn sheep Ovis сanadensis. The size composition of cellulose fibers and the nutrient content were

AbstractIt was shown that the level of nitric oxide metabolites in the blood plasma of people with essential arterial hypertension (EAH) is significantly higher than that of healthy donors. This pattern did not depend on the stage of the disease, but on the age of the subjects, as well as on whether patients with cardio-selective β-adrenoreceptor blockers take them or not. It was established that an

AbstractThis article discusses work on assessing the digestibility of a concentrate of Hermetia illucens larvae in fish with gastrointestinal digestion (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, red tilapia Oreochromis mosambicus × O. niloticus). It was found that this digestibility index of the larvae concentrate was 67–74%. At the same time, fish species consumed

AbstractTo elucidate the reproductive activity of the Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) in polluted Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan), the seasonal patterns of growth of its gonad, adductor muscle, and digestive gland were studied. As the results of this study have shown, spawning in this polluted bay leads to a decrease in the weight of not only the gonads, but also the

Abstract—The effects of bright light and high temperature stresses on the genetic diversity of a Fragaria vesca L. clone recovered from meristems frozen in liquid nitrogen after two years of cultivation in vitro were analyzed. After two-year cultivation in vitro of post-cryogenic plant material, the percentage of polymorphic DNA-markers, which was half (4.5%) of its initial value after cryopreservation

Abstract—This article presents the measurement results of CO2 and heat fluxes using the eddy covariance system between an old-age spruce forest and the atmosphere. It further examines daily and seasonal courses of CO2 net exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross photosynthesis. A close relationship has been established between the average daily CO2 net exchange and net radiation over the course of

AbstractThis article addresses the question of the role of morphallactic and epimorphic events in regeneration and asexual reproduction in annelids. It was shown that tissue reorganization and changes at the molecular level occur already at the very early stages of regenerative processes. These data indicate that morphallaxis is required for all progressive stages of full epimorphic regeneration, including

AbstractThe effect of plant antimicrobial peptides on the initiation of callus and embryonal suspensor masses, formation of somatic embryos, and germination of regenerants of Siberian larch has been studied. Protein/peptide extracts isolated from Amarantus retroflexus (seeds), Nigella sativa (seeds), and Elytrigia elongata (spikelets) have been used as objects of plant origin. Peptides have been introduced

Abstract—The spatial structure, demographic indicators, and seed productivity of Delphinium macropogon Prokh. in Talgi gorge are considered. It was noted that the population of D. macropogon is characterized by significant sparseness and low seed productivity. The age structure of the population is incomplete with the predominance of young generative individuals. It was shown that the demographic variables

AbstractIt is noted that plant roots make a significant contribution to the formation of technozems during self-overgrowing of the technogenic substrate. The rate of decomposition of a mixture of fine roots (<0.5 mm thick) of meadow arbuscular mycorrhiza species (AM) in comparison with forest ecto mycorrhiza species (EM) in the ash substrate from the power station was studied in a 150-day experiment

AbstractSweet tasting and taste modifying proteins are the natural alternative to flavor enhancers and artificial sweeteners. Curculin is a unique protein, which has both sweet tasting and taste modifying properties. In this study, pinII Ti plasmid vector was constructed with curculin gene, where the gene encoding curculin protein was placed under the control of the duel cauliflower mosaic virus 35S

AbstractThe characteristics of a healthy soil ecosystem and the health soil requirements for the agro- and sociospheres are considered. Soil health indicators are discussed, including scientific and actual criteria and parameters. The indicators of soil quality and their integrating characteristics of soil health, proposed to guide land users, soil ecologists and soil appraisal specialists, are analyzed

AbstractThe taxonomic and size-morphological structure of bacterioplankton has been studied in two large Mongolian reservoirs and the rivers on which they are built. Correlations between the taxonomic and size groups of bacteria and their main consumers, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, have been revealed. It has been shown that the protists consume large and active bacteria of classes Gammaproteobacteria

Abstract—In the long-term explosion of mass reproduction of the larch casebearer (Coleophora sibiricella Falkovitsh) in a pure larch stand, the stem phloem responses of larch trees (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) to wounding damage or inoculation of the trunk with the fungal inductor were studied. The mycelium of the ophiostomatoid fungus Ceratocystis laricicola Redfern & Minter and its extractive and the

Abstract—The cytomorphological composition of the blood and mesonephros of goldfish infected with Ligula interrupta has been studied under the conditions of the native range. A decrease in the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils in the blood at all stages of development and deregulation of the proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid, pseudo-eosinophilic, and pseudo-basophilic elements

AbstractData are presented on the variation in the relationships of males and females in felids with different degrees of sexual dimorphism in body size. It was shown that, in the mating season of the Eurasian lynx, a species with the least sexual dimorphism, females determined the relationships with the partner to a large extent. These interactions were characterized by a high frequency of affiliative

AbstractLong-term (up to 125 years) series of dates of the beginning of seasonal activity for different representatives of animals have been analyzed. Correlations between seasonal phenomena in the conditions of the temperate continental climate of the eastern part of the Russian Plain have been established. A high correlation level has been determined for several events that are remote in time although

AbstractThe stability of development (in terms of the fluctuating asymmetry of leaf measurements) was studied in populations of the silver birch Betula pendula from different parts of the range under varying degrees of anthropogenic impact (under the influence of industrial facilities in the territory of Khakassia and the Belgorod region and in the urbanized environment in Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, and

AbstractThe development stability has been assessed (by the magnitude of the fluctuating asymmetry of craniological traits) with the change in the number of the Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae in Mongolia. It has been shown that an increase in the abundance of this species is not accompanied by a violation of developmental stability, but occurs against the background of a high abundance of other

AbstractThe main phenological dates, including the unfolding of the first leaves, mass yellowing of the leaves, and the duration of the vegetation period, were evaluated for the silver birch Betula pendula in 2005–2018 in the central part of the European territory of Russia to identify possible phenological trends under global climate change. Evidence on a negative trend in the time of the unfolding

AbstractThis paper considers the importance of monitoring the state of biological diversity as a priority area of research in the context of increasing anthropogenic impact and global climate change, modern requirements for indicators that can be used to solve this issue, and approaches for characterizing the background state and its possible deviations based on studies of homeostatic mechanisms to

AbstractThe results of long-term bioindication studies aimed to evaluate the state of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in Yoshkar-Ola under different anthropogenic load conditions are presented. An increase in the morphometric indices of the shoot system and leaf lamina area under anthropogenic load was observed. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) index of B. pendula leaves growing on short shoots

AbstractThe ontogenetic spectrum registers the age states of plants and is a sensitive population-based indicator of environmental changes. This is a review of population-ontogenetic methods for studies of plant populations (cenopopulations) based on the ontogenetic spectra. New age indices—the youth index and the maturity index—are introduced. For the recovery index, some boundaries for the levels

AbstractA comparative analysis of the phenetic pool of mammalian populations has been performed on the basis of two groups of characters: odontological and craniological proper. In total, 1637 skulls belonging to seven species were analyzed. It is shown that the values of population parameters (the intrapopulation diversity, proportion of rare phenes, and fluctuating asymmetry) are significantly different

Abstract—This article considers the problem of the integrity of biological systems in adverse conditions. Based on the results of original studies, analysis has been performed of the reactions of structures at various levels of organization of plant items to extreme conditions of the Far North from the standpoint of changes in the density of their internal connections. Taking into account the idea

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) are the most important regulators of coloration ontogeny in teleosts. It has been shown experimentally that alterations in the hormonal status due to prolonged treatment with a biologically active form of THs, triiodothyronine, causes changes in the development of adult pigment patterns in bilaterally symmetrical Amatitlania nigrofasciata and Poecilia wingei. Induced

AbstractThe paper addresses the habitat conditions and genetic structure of a common hamster population at the initial stage of formation in an urban environment. This sinurbic species formed a large population in the newly established Presidential Park in the center of the City of Nur-Sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan, within a relatively short period (no more than 12 years) due to a complex of favorable

AbstractA procedure for dividing species into ecogeographic units (EGUs) and ecogeographic aggregations (EGAs) identified according to data on habitat gradients and distinctive features of migration (gene flows) is discussed. It is noted that every EGU or EGA can be regarded as a unit of reserves, reproduction, exploitation, or protection.

AbstractResponses of the mammalian population (Micromammalia and game species) to the technogenic transformation of natural landscapes in different regions of Yakutia are studied. It is established that game species are mainly affected by direct persecution, and the transformation of the population of small mammals depends primarily on the intensity of technogenic landscape transformation and geographical

AbstractFor the first time, reconstruction was carried out and a comparative analysis of the evolution of the parameters of biological diversity (species richness, entropy, dominance index, measure of organization, etc.) of mammalian complexes of six mountain regions of Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene was performed. It was shown that their reactions to the MIS 5e and MIS 1 interglacial conditions

AbstractNitrogen-fixing activity of microorganisms in the intestines of Crane fly (Tipulidae) larvae and their influence on the processes of microbial nitrogen fixation in soil have been studied. Two independent methods have shown high rates of nitrogenase activity in the digestive tract of larvae, which is determined mainly by transit nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Nitrogen fixers actively developing

AbstractThe dependence of recovery of the soil zoocoenosis on succession of the plant community after soil remediation was examined. An increase in the population density of invertebrates was registered in the following phytocoenotic succession on the “agrochemical techniques” experimental site: no plants—low projective cover—high projective cover (5100 ± 1340, 12 400 ± 2823, and 22 040 ± 3008 ind

AbstractThe natural isolate of xylotrophic basidiomycetes Hericium erinaceus BP 16 was cultivated artificially to produce fruiting bodies from which the polysaccharide-containing fraction (PF) was isolated by extraction with hot water (70°C), followed by precipitation with 96% ethanol. Residues of rhamnose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in the ratio of 7 : 8 : 1 : 19