Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is the latest technology to produce hydrogen and electricity by using sunlight. The low bandgap of tungsten oxide (WO3) enables it as a suitable candidate for PEC water splitting. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a material having extra thin sheets and a very large surface area with extreme conductivity. Graphene oxide (GO) has been synthesized by using a modified

This paper presents the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract. The effects of different factors such as silver ion concentration, reaction time, temperature, pH, and extract quantity on the AgNPs synthesis were studied, enabling us to determine optimum synthesis conditions. We characterized the AgNPs with different techniques: UV–Visible Spectroscopy

Antibiotic resistance and need for novel antibiotics have seen focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) increase in recent years. The study investigated purification and de novo characterization of an AMP compound produced by bioactive Geotrichum candidum OMON-1. Antimicrobial extract of G. candidum OMON-1 was purified via reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Purified compound

This article studies the effect of nanoparticle aggregation on the 3D flow of titanium nanoliquid based on ethylene glycol \( ( {\text{C}}_{ 2} {\text{H}}_{ 6} {\text{O}}_{2} - {\text{TiO}}_{2} ) \) due to an exponentially elongated surface. Thermal analysis is carried out considering linear thermal radiation, Joule heating, and mechanisms of the heat source/sink, while the aspect of the homogeneous

Fine-grained metals and alloys with a homogeneous microstructure can be produced in bulk quantities using the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique. In the ECAP process, improvements in desired properties and grain refinement depend on die geometry, number of passes, strain per pass, plunger speed, friction conditions, processing temperature, etc. In the present study, Al-6063 alloy cylindrical

Over the past few decades, time series forecasting (TSF) has been predominantly performed using different artificial neural network (ANN) models. However, the performance of ANN models in TSF has not yet been fully explored due to several issues like the determination of near-optimal ANN architecture for a time series and the efficiency of training algorithm used to determine the near-optimal weights

Due to the harmful effects to environment and public health, lead has to be removed from wastewater. The novelty of this study is the investigation of the adsorption of lead by a cross-linked polycarboxylate-based adsorbent synthesized, the characterization of adsorbent with FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD and the optimization of the effective parameters such as initial lead concentration, pH and temperature by

In this article, we have considered unsteady squeezing flow between two infinite parallel plates. The time-dependent magnetic field normal to the plate surface is taken into consideration with fluid thermal radiations. Fluid dynamic viscosity is sensitive to temperature. Governing partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODE) by introducing suitable

This paper describes a novel multistage CIC filter which plays a vital role in software-defined radio (SDR) applications. In order to operate the baseband signal, wireless networking standards demand different sample rates. As a result, sample rate conversion (SRC) turns out as a pivotal method of SDR. Thus, cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter is a distinct kind of linear-phase FIR filter which can

In this study, a speed sensorless algorithm was developed to control a single-link manipulator connected to DC motor. The armature voltage value can be obtained by using duty cycle information generated by the controller without using any sensor. Thus, the proposed system does not require any additional measurement sensor. This paper presents a study for artificial neural network (ANN)-based speed

A quantitative analysis of coccoliths is presented in 18 core-top samples ranging between 26° N and 21° N and covering two major deep brine pools in the northern part of the Red Sea. Non-brine sites are characterized by rich coccoliths that may reach up to 3.31 × 109 coccoliths/g made by 22 species, whereas brine sites of Shaban and Kebrit Deeps with additional two non-brine sites are characterized

Peristalsis of carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) submerged in water through an inclined asymmetric channel is addressed in the current work. Such mechanism is disclosed in the presence of Hall effect, viscous dissipation, and Soret and Dufour effects. Convective heat transfer at the boundaries is incorporated by utilizing efficient thermal conductivity of nanoliquid. Low Reynolds number and long wavelength

Coagulation is a water and wastewater treatment technology that has been widely used due to its high efficiency and effectiveness. Various inorganic salts are commonly used as coagulant; however, there are some negative impacts of utilization of these chemical coagulants, such as high costs, large sludge volume, and also potential negative impact to human health. To overcome these problems, natural-based

Agriculture is undoubtedly one of the biggest and most important professions in the world. Optimization of agriculture and aiming gradually and extensively toward smart agriculture are the need of the hour. IOT (Internet of Things) technology has already been successful in easing people’s lives with its wide range of applications in almost all arenas. In this paper, our work takes the help of IOT devices

The granular anchor pile foundation (GAPF) is an improved foundation technique used to withstand compressive as well as tensile forces and effectively reduce the settlement of soil. In this paper, the behavior of a GAPF system was studied in sandy soil. Pull-out load tests were conducted on GAPF by varying different parameters viz. length of pile (250 mm, 350 mm and 450 mm), L/D ratio (7.5, 10 and

Cardiotoxicity from long-term use of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), imposes a strict limitation its administration. The health benefits of avocado seeds (AS) stem from essential nutrients and phytochemicals. This study aimed to compare effects of ethanol (EAS), and water (WAS) extracts from AS on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: GI were

With the growing internet, web spam is also increasing, which majorly affect the user experiences with search engines. Web spam methods target the search engine’s internal programs to push targeted web sites at the upper positions. This paper proposed an intelligent oversampling approach based upon general type-2 fuzzy sets to balance the distribution and hence enhance the classification performance

Detrital zircon grains were collected from six samples of sedimentary rock from the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the western Ordos Basin of China. U–Pb isotopic geochronology data were measured and used to assess the provenance and directions of sediment transport of these grains. Five age populations were recognised amongst the U–Pb age spectra: 2700–2034 Ma, 1999–1426 Ma, 1296–636 Ma, 556–323 Ma

The impact of chemical additives on the engineering properties of expansive soils has been studied in the past few years; however, the swelling properties as well as mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of expansive clay soils stabilized with NaCl solutions have not been clearly studied. This research work aims at investigating the expansion behavior of the studied clay soil before and

Blockchain technology has disclosed unprecedented opportunities in the healthcare sector by unlocking the true value of interoperability. Specifically, the striking features of blockchain technology, such as data provenance, transparency, decentralized transaction validation, and immutability, can help to compensate for stringent data management issues (e.g., patient recruitment, persistent monitoring

The novel polyethersulfone/ethylenediamine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (PES/MWCNTs-NH2) nanocomposite was synthesized and introduced as an efficient adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The characterization analyses, including FTIR, TGA, SEM, and EDX, confirmed the successful functionalization of MWCNTs through three steps acidic treatment, acylation with SOCL2, and amine

The existing models for analyzing internally reflecting solar stills with external boosters are based on simple geometric relationships and are therefore not adequate for simulating and optimizing more complex arrangements. Therefore, this study presents a 3D hybrid ray-tracing-based model for designing and optimizing such stills. To validate the model, a geometrical arrangement was simulated, and

This study focused on the functional properties of bread incorporated with spearmint (S) aqueous extract (S1 = 0% (control), S2 = 2.5%, S3 = 5.0% and S4 = 7.5%) by measuring total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferrous-ion chelating (FIC) ability. Additionally, spearmint bread samples were compared with commercially available bread, including Roti Canai, White Bread (WB)

Noisy or corrupt images are characterized by poor contrast and ill-defined ridges and valleys. Such images need to be enhanced using suitable image enhancement techniques so that they can be used with other applications. Two improved image enhancement algorithms based on the switching median filtering are proposed in the present work. Images simulated with varying levels of Gaussian and salt-and-pepper

The sudden development of the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations in modern healthcare systems to handle public health emergencies. It is evident that adopting innovative technologies such as blockchain can help in effective planning operations and resource deployments. Blockchain technology can play an important role in the healthcare sector, such as improved clinical trial data management

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a liquid mixture appropriate for putting in structures with excessive reinforcement without vibration. The application of SCC has found wide use in practice. However, its application is often limited by lack of knowledge on mix material gained from laboratory tests. This paper presents a nonparametric mathematical method for the design of SCC mixes containing fly ash

Ochrosia elliptica Labill is a small tropical evergreen tree native to Oceania belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Eight alkaloids, two flavonoid glycosides and three phenolic acids were identified by LC/MS analysis. On the other hand, the quality and uniformity of the plant leaves were assessed through the determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid, in addition to total ash, acid-insoluble

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or graphene as it is commonly referred to is currently the most promising nanomaterial with potential applications. Synthesis of RGO starts with oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide (GO) which is further reduced either by chemical or thermal means. However, chemical reduction of GO to RGO involves the use of toxic chemical reagents which are not environmental friendly

Nickel-plated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) samples were prepared by an electroless coating method followed by hot pressing. The concentration of Ni in the composites was varied between 3.98 and 10.88 in volume percentage. XRD results revealed that Ni coating was successfully realized on the surface of UHWMPE particles confirmed by SEM–EDS. Ni thickness on the UHMWPE particles has

The mathematical formulations for estimating and allocating reactive power loss to network participants are highly nonlinear and mathematically complex. Consequently, the well-known solution based on traditional techniques could only be obtained through iterative procedures. An alternative computational algorithm based on network structural characteristics theory (NSCT), which provides an efficient

The intensive exploration to improve the accuracy of the calculation model of velocity slip and theoretical head has always been a major issue in pump research. Discontinuous blade of disc pump is different from the continuous blade of traditional pump. Disc pump realizes energy transfer by the effect of boundary layer. In order to fill in the theoretical blank of current research on the velocity slip

Certain materials that are used in industries to manufacture parts, components and sub-assemblies are difficult to machine using traditional machining processes. Abrasive water jet machining is a viable solution to such a problem, and its use is sought where precision is the requirement. The process involves many input controllable parameters that influence the performance characteristics of the process

Multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm has been widely used in solving multi-objective optimization problems. In this paper, a hybridization technique is proposed to improve the performance of MODE algorithm in terms of speed and convergence. The proposed hybrid MODE-dynamic-random local search (HMODE-DLS) algorithm combines MODE and dynamic-random local search (DLS) algorithm. To

In order to effectively reduce the coal dust concentration in a fully mechanized mining face, this research used laboratory experiment, numerical simulation, and field test to conduct an in-depth exploration of the ejector precipitator installed at the low-level caving coal hydraulic support. Firstly, through the experimental platform in the laboratory, the dust removal effect of the nozzle with different

The rise in business and electronic transactions using the web as a medium has driven the widespread use of recommendation systems across all domains. Recommendation systems generate suggestions for the travel and tourism industry, particularly hotels or services, centered on user interests and preferences. Relevant information collection, organization, processing vast quantities of string data, efficient

This paper focuses primarily on the thermal analysis of the steady, three-dimensional flow of CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) base fluid with Cu nanoparticles through the implantation plate of Riga in a porous Darcy–Forchheimer material with internal heat generation (absorption) effects. Thermophysical feature of CMC is taken into account with Al2O3 nanoparticle in it. Also, thermal radiation

Accurate prediction of multiphase flow rate is of prime importance in controlling production of oil fields. Direct measurements using multiphase meters are time-consuming and very costly. On the other hand, none of the published models can be considered as a universal model and most of these models are designated only for the critical flow. The aim of this study is to develop and validate practical

Earthquake disasters are inevitable, and in recent years, major earthquakes have caused great losses of life and property. To prevent such losses, structures must have sufficient earthquake resistance to preserve the lives of the occupants. Structural control can improve the shock resistance of structures, the actuator is the key issue of the control system. A new prototype of actuator, a neutral equilibrium

In this paper, the dynamic stall characteristics of the S809 airfoil have been numerically predicted, and the flow under dynamic stall condition has been controlled by introducing synthetic jet for enhancing the airfoil aerodynamic performance. In addition, experimental results have been adopted to validate the obtained numerical ones. The results show that the oscillation of the airfoil can delay

The influence of electrical discharge machining (EDM) on thermal barrier coating (TBC) in a two-step drilling of nickel-based superalloy has been studied. The TBC was coated on the superalloy using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Simulation result shows that the temperature at TBC/metal interface increases with pulse-on time and peak current. The temperature will exceed the melting

Low permeability coal makes methane control in underground coal mines difficult. Drilling tree-type boreholes is a new method for improving the permeability of coal seams to stimulate cross-measure boreholes drainage. This paper presents an analysis of the permeability enhancement and methane drainage capacity of tree-type boreholes based on data from a coal mine in China. After applying the proposed

Upon thermal decomposition, eggshells are a reliable source of high purity CaO. Usually, the membrane sheath(s) accompanying the shells are not recognized. Although CaO is famous for its transesterification catalytic activity, upon catalysis, it is converted to another active catalyst (calcium diglyceroxide) which has limited potential for use in a typical industrial reactor. This study investigates

In this study, the method regarding preparation of a tea residue-based activated carbon (AC) was provided. The physicochemical property and adsorption performance of the obtained AC were also investigated. The preparation of AC mainly includes the carbonization at 350 °C and activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). The activation parameters including temperature, time and dosage of KOH are crucial

The concepts of smart grid and microgrid require new monitoring systems to support automation functionalities in control centers at electrical distribution system (EDS) level. The availability of micro-PMUs (\(\upmu \)PMUs) nowadays equips the control centers with the necessary information, which improves the accuracy of distribution system state estimation, for its various applications. Further, a

The Booth multipliers require lower number of addition operations compared to the traditional multipliers. Further, higher radix Booth multiplier requires lesser number of adders in its circuit implementation. Multiply and accumulate (MAC) unit plays a crucial role in digital signal processing circuits. Handling the data in area-efficient MAC circuits is challenging since the data word length closely

Substitution plays a vital role in enhancing the security of symmetric block ciphers. Randomized substitution is more effective in triggering of confusion in symmetric block ciphers as compared to static substitution. Mostly the existing substitution methods used in Data Encryption Standard and in standardized Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are static in nature. However, some efforts have been

In this study, the experimental investigation on whether the landslide surge waves can influence the dam failure process caused by flood overtopping was presented. The experiments were conducted in a large width flume with length of 50 m, width of 4 m and height of 2 m. The time between the start of the earth dam break and the surge wave reaching the dam site was set to 80 s. During this period, the

Rhizome essential oil of Curcuma caesia has myriad of therapeutic activities which is being practiced since ages as folklore remedy but commercially remained underutilized till date. Though previous reports had characterized the phytoconstituents of C. caesia essential oil, a comparative assessment will lead to identify a good germplasm for commercialization. Quality germplasm should have high yield

With the advancement and innovations in mobile and wireless communication technologies including cloud computing and Internet of Things, the paradigms of dispensing heath-based services have massively transformed. The telecare medical information system (TMIS) or wireless body area networks technology frameworks facilitate patients to remotely receive medical treatment from physicians through the Internet

One of the appealing applications of smart home is remote monitoring of vital signs, such as heart and respiratory, which has gained more attention during the last two decades. The recent developments in IoT, sensing devices, and smart technologies increased the demand for such technology due to the need for devices that can continuously monitor physiological signals and offer further analysis and

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) occur naturally and widely on the surface of microbial cells; their reducibility may play a crucial role in graphene oxide reduction. In this work, the conversion of graphene oxide (GO) into reduction graphene oxide (rGO) with EPS (extracted from Bacillus sp.NT 10) as green reductant had been conducted to explore their potential application for graphene preparation

A higher number of highway construction projects are experiencing delays in their scheduled completion time, and this situation, in turn, leads to overrun in the schedule as well as cost. This paper mainly categorizes the causes of time overrun and provides a mathematical model for predicting the time overrun percentage, using highway projects in Northern India as a case study. A survey of randomly

For the time being, the creation of surface nano-structures has become an important technological process which plays a paramount role in the electronic devices, as it has a very remarkable feature that they are used in etching without using chemicals. Irradiation of silicon oxide single crystal with slow highly charged ions can produce surface nano-hillocks. The formation mechanism of the created

In the present study, long-term multi-stress aging performance of silicone-based polymeric insulators was investigated for possible use on high-voltage alternating current transmission lines in Pakistan. One neat sample of high-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber and four silica and alumina trihydrate filled hybrid composites were studied for 5000 h under accelerated multi-stress aging simulating

Interaction between quartz sand and water glass has been investigated and characterized by using the Si/Na molar ratio to determine the role of silica in the polycondensation rate and mechanical properties of the synthesized materials as a function of quartz sand particle size. Results of atomic emission spectroscopy, SEM and compressive strength tests show that interactions between sodium silicate

The focus of the research is to evaluate the behavior and performance of large-sized reinforced concrete (RC) beams corroded to different levels using local acoustic emission (AE) technique under flexural loading. With increase in the level of corrosion, the ultimate load-carrying capacity and midspan deflections are drastically reduced, which is indicative of increasing brittleness and decreasing

Much of the present and future technology will be based on electronic devices that are operated using an electronic clip. Due to the continuous operation of the majority of electronic devices, the efficiency of such devices decreases because of inefficient cooling techniques. Therefore, the present study experimentally and numerically investigates the thermal resistance and friction factor for the

A high-precision digital interface circuit is achieved for a tunnel magneto-resistance sensor with a high sensitivity and high dynamic range. The analog front-end detection circuit adopts the structure of a current feedback instrumentation amplifier, and a chopper technology and ripple suppression loop are used to improve the performance. In the back-end digital conversion part, a fourth-order fully

Lane detection is part of the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) equipped in intelligent vehicles. The system provides the driver with significant geometric information of the road ahead. Numerous deep learning techniques have been employed in lane detection because of the simplicity, ease, and efficiency of these techniques in learning discriminative features from RGB (red, green, and blue)

Information security has immense importance in today’s world of digital communication. Sharing information between intended parties while keeping it secret from any outsider is a challenging task. Cryptography provides the security of information by keeping the information secret among only the communicating parties. In this paper, a new cryptographic algorithm is propounded, which is a block cipher