It has been proved that most of the deaths due to cancer are related to metastasis. This process occurs through the separation of cells from the primary tumor and maintenance in the circulation systems in the body. Finally, if the condition for the relocalizing of them in other sites becomes appropriate, they produce new tumors in various parts of the body. The number of these circulating tumor cells

Considering the potent immune stimulation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpGs), the development of CpG carriers is a prerequisite for efficient cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we conjugated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[hydroxyl succinimidyl (polyethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG-NHS) with polyethylenimine (PEI) to develop a PEI-PEG-DSPE conjugate that can serve as a biocompatible

The monomer, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), plays an interesting role as a precursor for antibiotics, vitamins, and bioplastics such as polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB). The biotechnological production of both compounds in Escherichia coli has seen increased interest in the last decade. The central metabolite in the 3HB production pathway is acetyl-CoA, the derivative of coenzyme A (CoA). Enriching the intracellular

In this study, the purification efficiency of paclitaxel was remarkably improved through ultrasonic acetone-pentane fractional precipitation. The time taken for precipitation was also shortened by a maximum of 192-fold (at 5°C, 180-250 W) with ultrasound as compared to that of the conventional method. The precipitation was completed within 30 min regardless of temperature (5-25°C), thereby improving

To accurately evaluate the protective effects of titanium dioxide-based emulsion from infrared-A rays (IRA) irradiation in daily life, we assessed the harmful effects of natural level of IRA irradiation on human skin cells. Using a well-defined solar IRA simulator, short-term (less than seven days) IRA irradiation on fibroblasts at 34°C elicited an increase in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1)

In this study, characterization and antiinflammatory activity of Undaria pinnatifida root (UPR) water extracts treated by gamma (γ)-irradiation were investigated. The UPR powder was dissolved in distilled water to form UPR water extracts. Subsequently, they were irradiated with cobalt-60 γ-rays in a dose range from 3 to 20 kGy. In the reducing sugar and viscosity analyses, the reducing sugar content

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory effects of the enzymatic extracts of Sargassum patens C. Agardh (SP) using crude enzyme from Shewanella oneidensis PKA 1008. SP is a brown alga containing 30–67% carbohydrates and polysaccharides, such as alginate, laminaran, and fucoidan. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, carbohydrate

Explant contamination due to Agrobacterium overgrowth after the co-cultivation stage is a common problem in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. In order to overcome this issue, this research undertook another approach by generating auxotrophic Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 mutants to a specific amino acid by mini Tn5 transposon carrying spectinomycin resistance gene (spcR), and a total of

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has extensive use in photodynamic cancer therapy, tumor diagnosis, and agriculture. In the microbial production of ALA, most efforts have focused on engineering enzymes and the metabolic pathways involved in ALA biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to enhance ALA production using recombinant Streptomyces coelicolor expressing the ALA synthase gene (hem A) of Rhodobacter

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by different extracts of Lavandula stoechas, which have an antibacterial effect on pathogenic strains, such as Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, AgNPs-E4 that synthesized by EtOAc extract (E4) have greater antibacterial activity than that by other extracts. The highest inhibition zone diameter

Obesity is fast becoming a worldwide health concern and causes a chronic state of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, which could be major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases. We investigated the potential of the 61 probiotic candidates isolated from infant feces towards activity of lipid accumulation inhibition, and then we extended the study to evaluate their antidiabetic and antioxidant

Hyaluronic acid (HA), an essential component of extracellular matrix (ECM), plays an important role in various cellular activities, including migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Not only its structural and biological properties, but also properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity make HA a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are crucial for maintaining spermatogenesis, studying germ line stem cell biology, and producing transgenic animals. Growth factors, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are essential for in vitro culture of SSCs as well as their self-renewal

Here, we characterized a gene expression system induced by 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in Pseudomonas denitrificans. The system consists of a putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) encoded by hpdR and a LTTR-responsive promoter that positively controls the expression of hpdH, encoding 3-HP dehydrogenase in the presence of 3-HP. In the hpdH-responsive promoter region, two operators exhibiting

Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral

The optimization and kinetic modeling of curdlan synthesis by Agrobacterium radiobacter mutant A-15 under multi-physiological-parameters process control, especially employing the on-line oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) were performed in a 50-L fermentor. Results indicated that the maximum production of curdlan reach about 32.5 g/L with a glucose conversion yield of

Exposure to high levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) causes respiratory injury mainly due to oxidative stress. Although the fisetin has biological activities such as the antiviral, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities, the effect of fisetin on PM-mediated oxidative damage has not been studied. In this study, we tested the

Cellulase has the biggest contribution to the high production costs of lignocellulose bioconversion and the substantial decrease of its production cost is the key to the commercialization of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Trichoderma reesei has the most robust cellulase among the candidates, which therefore is widely used for cellulase production in industry. This is not because of the size of its

Cryopreservation is required for the manufacturing and large-scale production of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-mediated therapeutics. For both autologous ADSC products for patient-specific therapeutics and allogenic components for mass productions, the process of cryopreservation is inevitable. Additionally, other biologics/biosimilar production processes using human/animal cell populations also

Mevastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) isolated from Penicillium citrinum is known to the first statin that inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. Recently, several clinical reports of other statins suggest its role on reducing the severity of psoriasis, but the available evidence on cellular/molecular level of mevastatin is unclear. Thus, this study was to determine the molecular/cellular mechanism

Bone fractures/defects are normal in more established individuals experiencing osteoporosis. In this work, we have explored osteoblast bond, multiplication, and separation on biocomposites of bioactive dual minerals substituted hydroxyapatite/alginate-chitosan/graphene oxide porous biocomposites coated magnesium alloy (AZ91 Mg alloy). Hydroxyapatite is one the most important mineral constituents for

Amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) are one of the key emerging enzymes used in the synthesis of various amines with the expense of only one ammonium ion as an amino donor, thereby, generates only water molecule as a by-product. Currently, most available AmDHs have been created through protein engineering using the existing natural L-amino acid dehydrogenase, and native AmDHs are rarely reported. In this

In pathogen diagnostics, conventional culture-based assays remain the gold-standard; however, they are time-consuming, and shows the low positivity rate. Prior treatment with antibiotics is one of the major factors lowering the culture positivity rate. It is therefore important to evaluate the effects of prior antibiotic treatment on established detection methods and to develop sensitive and specific

In this study, the conversions of 1-dodecanoic, ω-hydroxydodecanoic acid and α,ω-dodecanedioic acid using whole cell biotransformation of Escherichia coli BW25113ΔfadD expressing CAR and ADH enzymes were demonstrated. First 13 CAR enzymes were examined for 1-dodecanoic acid reduction, and CAR encoded by mab4714 from Mycobacterium abscessus showed the highest conversion of 53.1% in single cells of heterologous

In this study, the effects of organic nitrogen supplements, such as tryptone and peptone, on microbial growth and ethanol and acetic acid production were investigated to improve ethanol productivity in a Clostridium autoethanogenum culture using syngas as the sole carbon source. The concentration of yeast extract, which is an organic nitrogen source in a basal medium, was optimized to 0.5 g/L before

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and subsequent low back pain (LBP) are major orthopedic diseases worldwide. IVD herniation could be caused by an accidental trauma or posture imbalance. When the symptoms of LBP for patients worsen, surgical procedures such as discectomy are necessary. However, these orthopedic incisions often require secondary surgery to patients. Therefore, the need for improved

Purpose: This study aims to explore the differential expression of SFN gene and its regulatory role in different hepatocarcinoma cells, and the impact on hepatocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: High and low SFN expression cells were screened by qRT-PCR and western blotting methods. SFN over expression and interference vectors were constructed. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 kit, cell cycle and

Three types of calli were induced from Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) aseptic seedlings, and the friable calli with white appearance and high growth rate were further screened and used to develop cell suspension culture to produce polyphenols. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3.0 mg/L Kinetin (KT) and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was suitable for both O. vulgare cells growth

As an essential aromatic amino acid, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) has a lot of applications as precursors for pharmaceuticals, artificial sweetner, etc. Previously, through metabolic engineering, we developed an Escherichia coli strain (YHP05) capable of overproducing L-Phe. In this study, we further engineered E. coli strain to develop an economic bioprocess for L-Phe production in large scale bioreactor

D-phenyllactic acid is a value added chemical with potential uses in wide areas of industry such as antibiotics, biopolymers, and pharmaceutical syntheses. It can be reduced from phenylpyruvic acid by various 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases. In this work, the 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase from Oenococcus oeni has been expressed in Escherichia coli whole cell along with formate dehydrogenases from two

Recently, with greater focus on ethical issues related to animal testing, interest in artificial skin platforms has increased in both cosmetic and medical industries. Artificial skin comprises dermal and epidermal layers. In particular, proper differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermal layer has a considerable influence on the role of the skin as a barrier. However, during

Limestone can absorb heat thermal energy from heated gases and release carbon dioxide that has been applied in mines to prevent coal dust explosions. However, the effect of various rock dust particles on altering mucin exocytosis and its rheological properties, leading to concomitant pathological responses, is still unclear. Our research investigated the difference among common rock dusts used in the

In the process of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed transglycosylation, the synthesis of uridine diphosphate sugars is generally thermodynamically disfavored. This study found that GTBP1 from Bacillus pumilus BF1 displayed the potential to reversely synthesize uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG, UDP-glucose), which catalyzed the deglycosylation of ponasteroside A and the transglycosylation of phenolic compounds

Palm oil mill industry generates a large amount of POME (palm oil mill effluent) and EFB (empty fruit bunch) as a byproduct. Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of POME with EFB was investigated under mesophilic condition. High methane yield and high biodegradability were achieved as mixing POME with EFB material applied into an alkaline pretreatment method. The raw biogas from anaerobic

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been used as therapeutic agents for various diseases, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) is mainly used among antibody isotypes due to its structural and functional properties. So far, regardless of the purpose of the therapeutic antibody, wildtype IgG has been mainly used, but recently, the engineered antibodies with various strategies according to the role of the therapeutic

Utilization of bone graft substitutes have increased due to the rising number of accidents, trauma, and aging population. Autograft is still considered as a gold standard for treating bone defects. However, limitations such as insufficient donor sites and secondary surgery, leads to the development of alternative grafts. Hydroxyapatite (HA) from natural resources gained much attention in recent years

This work identifies shortcomings of conventional practices in unstructured modeling of microalgal growth, thereby exploring the possibility of improving simulation of algal cultures. Light- and nitrogen-limited growth of Chlorella vulgaris under CO2-replete conditions was modeled and simulated for a series of operating conditions in stirred-tank photobioreactors of bench scale. Based on the response

N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are auto-inducers found in gram-negative bacteria and are ubiquitous in common plant pathogenic bacteria. N-acylhomoserine lactonase degrades the lactone ring of AHLs to achieve quorum quenching of phytopathogenic virulence genes. In this study, a novel AHL lactonase gene KaAhl was successfully cloned and identified from Kushneria avicenniae strain DSM 23439. KaAhl

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates as new anti-biofilm agents to cope with biofilm-related infections. To date, numerous studies have evaluated the efficacy of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents. However, studies related to the mechanism of their anti-biofilm action are still lacking. Similar to other antibiotics, AMPs also require greater quantity and time to kill bacteria embedded in

The ErbB signaling pathway plays important roles in normal physiology and cancer, which consists of four proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinases ErbB1/EGFR ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3/Her3, and ErbB4/Her4. Selective targeting of different ErbB kinases would result in distinct therapeutic effects, but traditional small-molecule inhibitors generally exhibit a strong cross-reactivity over these kinases due to

Salt stress can be used to increase intracellular lipid content of microalgae. However, the growth of microalgae is decreased under salt stress. Thus, a two-stage cultivation strategy with a growth phase followed by a stress stage is required to improve lipid content. In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with salt stress was conducted to improve biomass and fatty acid (FA) productivity

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase having antidiabetic and antiviral activities. In the present study, DNJ production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum KCTC 13429 (B. subtilis IWT) was confirmed and a mutant B. subtilis I.247 strain showing 50% increased DNJ production than wild-type strain after cultivation in 5% defatted soybean meal (DFS) for five days was isolated

ADAMTSs belong to the superfamily of secreted metalloendopeptidases, some of which are reported to be closely associated with obesity. However, the role of ADAMTS15 is not well characterized in adipocytes. This study investigates the effect of Adamts15 deficiency on lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 and HIB1B adipocytes, with a focus on the role of browning of white adipocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR

In this study, alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) enzymes from Yarrowia lipolytica were investigated for the cloning, soluble expression, and biotransformation of 1-dodecanol to 1-dodecanal, which reaction was thermodynamically unfavorable. Sole expression of ADHs in Escherichia coli did not produce soluble form of cytosolic protein, in spite of the effort to solubilize ADH protein by optimizing IPTG concentration

Exposure to high levels of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is associated with increased risk of respiratory injury, hospitalization, and respiratory death. The mechanism underlying the correlation between PM2.5 exposure and adverse health effects has not been fully elucidated, but oxidative stress due to PM2.5 appears to be an important molecular

To obtain native strains to efficiently use puerariae slag (PS) hydrolysate and resistant butanol toxicity, a self-designed isolation method was adopted. With this effort, the strain YBS3 was obtained. Based on 16S rDNA comparison, the strain YBS3 was identified as Clostridium beijerinckii. The feasibility of using PS hydrolysate as substrate to produce butanol was evaluated. A significant phase shift

Biodegradable materials have been received great attention as bone graft substitutes for bone regeneration and tissue engineering. However, their low mechanical property remains a major challenge for the use in load-bearing applications. Here, we developed mechanically reinforced composite scaffold containing adhesive levan as a binder for sintered hydroxyapatite (sHAp) and then examined the mechanical

Sialylation, which is considered as a critical quality attribute, plays important roles in pharmacokinetics of recombinant proteins. Terminal sialic acids of glycoproteins are modulated by intracellular sialyltransferase (ST) and extracellular sialidase. Since CHO cells producing recombinant proteins can only transfer α2,3-sialic acid to a nascent oligosaccharide, inactivation of α2,6-ST results in

For last two decades, the demand for precisely engineered three-dimensional structures has increased continuously for the developments of biomaterials. With the recent advances in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques, various devices with complex surface geometries have been devised and produced in the pharmaceutical and medical fields for various biomedical applications including drug delivery and

Background: Rare ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Gyp-XVII, and C-K) are pharmaceutically active components of Panax ginseng, which are derived from the conversion of major ginsenosides through various transformation methods. To date, most studies have failed to identify a competent bacterial strain and recombinant enzyme for converting protopanaxadiol (PPD)- and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides to target

Microglial activation is critical for obesityinduced hypothalamic inflammation and is closely associated with pathologies of metabolic complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of filbertone, a main aroma compound of hazelnuts, on microglia-mediated inflammatory responses in vitro and obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation in vivo. BV2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide

A new wild type solventogenic Clostridium bacterium, which could produce a large amount of solvent from a mixture of 70% glucose and 30% xylose, was isolated. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, this strain was identified as Clostridium beijerinckii. Batch fermentations with this strain (C. beijerinckii GSC1) resulted in the production of 19.65 g/L total solvents (Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol), which is 31%

Staphylococcus aureus causes numerous illnesses and national loss in many countries. Therefore, to prevent food poisoning outbreaks, a rapid and straightforward on-site detection method is required without special skills or equipment. Here, we used aptamer-immobilized gold nanoparticles (aiGNPs) for the on-site colorimetric S. aureus detection. For the rapid and facile detection of S. aureus, the SA61

The isolation of single cells and their further cultivation in confined chambers are essential to the collection of statistically reliable temporal information in cell-based biological experiments. In this work, we present a hydrodynamic single-cell trapping and culturing platform that facilitates biological analysis and experimentation of virus infection into host cells. To find the optimum design

Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical

The rise in the number of daily surgical procedures and the disadvantages posed by the present surgical closure techniques (such as secondary tissue damage and microbial infection) magnifies the immediate need for metamorphosing the current bioadhesives perceiving to tether wounds efficiently. To this context, the emerging scope of biomimetics has allowed mussel inspired adhesives rendering efficient

Bacterial surface display system has been adopted in various biotechnological applications. In the case of Bacillus subtilis, most of the studies have been developed using spore based surface display system utilizing the inherent rigidity of spore against heat, alkali, and shear stress. But, spore harvest, purification and separation need additional cost and labor. To eliminate this procedure and to

As a nutritional supplement, wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory effects that are exerted through signal transduction pathways. Wheatgrass was extracted in 80% ethanol (WGE), and the ethanol extracts were further fractionated using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. To determine the antioxidant activity, WGE was tested using various radical-scavenging assays

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) liquor can be obtained by pressing fresh BSG and was recently proposed as a fermentation medium. A kinetic model was established, that can predict lactate formation and cell growth of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis with three BSG liquors of different origin in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation approach. The kinetic model assumes a multi-substrate dependence

Several studies investigated the development of a non-invasive and early diagnostic method for cancer. Recently, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhaled from cancer patients have been shown to act as a potential biomarker for cancer. However, the gas profile of breath is highly variable and not conducive to identification of biomarkers accurately. Accordingly, we identified a cancer-specific