Exogenous elicitors can influence accumulation of triterpenoids by regulating FPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) in Inonotus obliquus, such as birch bark (BB), birch rhizosphere soil (BS), Frankia alni (FA), and Rhizobium indigoferae (RI). Among them, the highest yield of biomass (15.6 mg/mL) could be detected by treatment with RI at 2 µg/mL for 10 d, about 2.1-fold of the control. Results showed

Tissues contain more tumor-type specific information than biofluids, such as blood, rendering them valuable resources for biomarker studies. However, considering the characteristics of tissue homogenization, it is difficult to obtain reproducible samples and analyze many samples simultaneously. To address these issues, we developed a robust and reproducible method for preparing tissues for targeted

Considering the significance of effective antigen presentation for boosting immune responses, it is essential to develop delivery systems for antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells and macrophages). As a simple and facile way for improving delivery efficiency of PLGA microspheres (MS) into APCs, we fabricated exosome-conjugated PLGA MS via polydopamine coating in this study. Spherical micro-sized

Chronic inflammation is the cause of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, with a large number of people suffering from them. There have been many reports that even link cancer to inflammation, so the development of sophisticated and powerful drugs continues to be in demand. Here we demonstrate that the methanol extract of Lecania gerlachei (LGME), a lichen member found in the extreme

Cheong-Pye-Ko (CPK) and Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK) are traditional herbal medicine prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine as tonics for pulmonary-related diseases for centuries. However, the effects of a mixture of CPK and KOK (C-KOK) on cytokine-mediated pulmonary damage have not yet been elucidated. This study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the process of cell fate determination. However, their function and expression profiles have not yet been systematically investigated during the transdifferentiation of glial precursor cells derived from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the peripheral nervous system. Our results demonstrated significant differences in gene architecture and expression

Nodusmicin and 18-O-acetyl-nodusmicin were isolated as a co-metabolite of nargenicin from Nocardia sp. CS682. NgnL belonging to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and was evaluated for its potential for acetylation of nodusmicin by in-vitro reactions. The generation of 18-O-acetyl nodusmicin was confirmed by high resolution-quadruple time of flight mass

In this study, we performed a kinetic analysis of CO-dependent H2 production by metabolically engineered Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, MC01 in terms of the cell activity as well as mass transfer rate. We conducted continuous cultures with varying dilution rate, CO flow rate, or agitation speed. Despite oscillations in cell density, the cultures reached steady states at all operating conditions. As the

Pseudomonas protegens is a gram-negative bacterium with an excellent biological control effect. Compared to standard cells growing in NaCl-free media, the ability of the hyperosmotic cells (450 mM NaCl) to resist high temperatures and freezing was significantly improved. It is of great significance to apply the P. protegens to elaborate on the hyperosmotic adaptation mechanism. RNA-seq was used to

Bioconversion of organic biomass such as plant hydrolysate and organic waste into valuable biochemicals is very challenging. In this study, carbohydrate-rich watermelon rinds and protein-rich okara (soybean waste) were converted into biofuels of ethanol, isobutanol, and methylbutanols using an engineered Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis mixed-whole cell biotransformation. The engineered E. coli

Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that are commonly found in water, soil, food, animals, or intestines in humans and warm-blooded animals and are a major concern for antibiotic resistance, especially C. freundii that exists in the farms, medical environment, and is difficult

We report a novel strategy of integrating microbial fuel cell (MFC) with microbial immobilization technology (MIT) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to test the performance of nitrate removal for the first time. Results showed that MFC could enhance nitrate removal in the novel integrated system, especially for wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, and the nitrate removal efficiency reached

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of peptides derived from defatted mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and to determine the expression level of obesity-related membrane-associated proteins in the rat muscle. The production of functional peptide was produced by hydrolysis of mealworm protein using commercial enzymes. To evaluate anti-obesity effects through animal feeding

Enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses in biomass feedstocks requires multiple enzymes for sacchari-fication to fermentable monosaccharides. Considering the high cost of enzymes, the need for enzymes in the cocktail for maximum saccharification can be minimized using a statistically significant experimental design. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize the saccharification

The effects of different oxygen uptake rates (OUR) on the physiological metabolism of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were investigated systematically in 50 L fermenters due to the significant influence on industrial coenzyme Q10 production under oxygen supply limitation. Meanwhile, the seriously decreased oxygen transfer rate caused by the increased broth viscosity was successfully prevented with OUR-directed

A fibroin-degrading bacterium was isolated in a medium containing fibroin as a sole nitrogen source, and then identified and characterized. The strain was designated Bacillus subtilis strain Bs5C, and the culture medium containing the extracellular proteolytic enzymes was found to hydrolyze cocoon fiber. A decomposition rate of 35% was achieved with the culture medium in optimized cocoon-degrading

Oxidative stress can cause various diseases including inflammation, neurological disorders, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the current search for natural antioxidants, probiotics have received increasing scientific interest and are facing a growing industrial demand. Although various strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are currently used in numerous health food supplements

In this study, bioproduction and application of a microbial pigment from Chryseobacterium and Deinococcus species screened from soil were investigated. The pigments extracted from both cell cultures were identified as a flexirubin (FL)- and deinoxanthin-type (DX). The isolated pigments showed a mass value of 618.48 and 584.41 m/z by LC/MS, respectively. Flask production of the crude FL pigment in complex

The cost of culture media represents a considerable portion of the overall cost in syngas fermentation. Yeast extract is an expensive ingredient among the medium components required to prepare the culture medium. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of replacing yeast extract with relatively low-cost nutrient supplements such as corn steep liquor, malt extract, and vegetable extract in improving

Recently, pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered as promising strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs. During the screening of natural compounds that may stimulate thermogenesis, urolithin A (UroA), which is metabolized from pomegranate ellagitannins by gut microflora, was identified as a potent anti-obesity

In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Eurotium cristatum, isolated from Fuzhuan brick-tea and its antibacterial activity has been demonstrated. AgNPs were characterized at 425 nm as maximum absorbance peak by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The images of transmission electron microscopy revealed that AgNPs are spherical shape with at 15–20 nm in size. The X-ray

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synthesis, structural analysis, and biological effects of novel ((2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenyl derivatives. The efficacy of 15-PGDH inhibition increased for the substituents in the derivatives in the order: cyclohexylpropyl > cyclohexylethyl > cyclohexylmethyl > cyclohexyl. Compound 12 inhibited 15-PGDH activity by binding to the amino

Naturally degradable bioplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a promising biopolymer and its physical properties could be changed by introducing of different monomers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx). To produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HB-co-3HV)) including a high fraction of hydroxyvalerate, we introduced ctfAB into engineered

Protein trans-splicing is a naturally occurring process in which two protein fragments are ligated by a reaction between two intein domains, called split inteins. Despite their usefulness in research, the reactivity and structure of only a few split inteins have been studied. We used cell-based kanamycin selection and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to simultaneously measure the splicing reactivity

Melanin provides photoprotection against UV irradiation, but excessive melanin accumulation can cause several problems such as darkened skin, melasma, and freckles. Although many anti-melanogenic agents have been developed for skin-whitening cosmetics, safety issues have been raised regarding these products. As natural substances are often non-toxic and are considered by some to be safer than synthetic

Streptomyces avermitilis MA4680 was used for the biotransformation of phloretin, one of the dihydrochalcone found in apple bark. After LC analysis, two main biotransformed products were identified and they were further analyzed using GC/MS. After BSTFA derivatization of biotransformed product, they were interpreted as regioselectively hydroxylated products of phloretin in Bring. Maximum conversion

Synechocystis strains are considered as valuable resources for production of useful metabolites. Comparative primary metabolic and lipidomic profiling of freshwater and marine Synechocystis strains is needed to understand the physiological characteristics of each strain at molecular level. In this study, we performed comparative primary metabolic and lipidomic profiling of freshwater Synechocystis

In this study, we investigated the kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of vacuum drying and dehydration of plant cells of Taxus chinensis. The efficiency of vacuum drying increased with increases in the drying temperature (45–60°C). When the experimental data were fitted to typical kinetic models for drying, the Modified Page were the most appropriate. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic

A novel functional micropipette tip for DNA purification, called DNAtip, is described based on a novel coating process. The functional layer is prepared by an internal coating with silica particles supported into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. The coating layer is stabilized by simultaneous radiation-induced crosslinking to avoid its dissolution. Three types of silica particles of different diameters:

Thyroid cancer is the most important malignant tumor reported in human populations where, its treatment remains undeveloped. Fisetin, a plant flavonoid exhibits several pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer function. In the existing study, we assessed fisetin mediated cytotoxic effects and action potential of fisetin on cell proliferation in TPC-1 human cancer

Folate-decorated monoolein (MO) cubosomes containing poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), cinnamic acid (CA), and doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared to deliver the anticancer drug specifically to cancer cells (KB cells) and boost the anti-cancer efficacy without causing an acute toxicity. Hydrophobically modified (Hm) gelatin (Gel)-folate (FA) conjugate (HmGel-FA) was prepared through amidation reaction among Gel

A proton beam (PB) can be used to treat various cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PB on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The results showed that P53 phosphorylation at Ser15 was significantly induced by PB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases of P21 expression and H2A.X phosphorylation by PB were observed at 24 h and 48 h after irradiation

In the present study, an aptamer-based fluorescent assay was developed to detect fipronil in liquid eggs, using a carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamer (FAM aptamer) and partially complementary DNA labeled with carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA cDNA). The fipronil amount in analytical samples was determined by measuring FAM fluorescence at 522 nm. In the absence of fipronil, FAM fluorescence is

The prevalence of encephalomyocarditis virus has brought about enormous financial losses to the swine industry throughout the globe. Chinese herbal medicines have potential antiviral activity which has been proved. Fifteen traditional Chinese medicine compounds were screened for anti-encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) activity. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), cytotoxic concentration 50%

Nanoparticles have different physical and chemical properties than those of micro-sized particles and are actively studied in the fields of electronics, biology, and material science. However, in case of most polymeric nanoparticles, maintaining and remaining in their colloid state for a long time is difficult due to self-aggregation. In this study, we examined the morphological, physical, and chemical

Purification and identification of novel proteases is critical in the development of new therapeutic drugs, such as those for ischemic stroke. However, it's a time-consuming and expensive job to purify enzymes from natural sources. Furthermore, even if the process is completed, the enzyme could be a known protease. Zymography is a protease-confirming assay, but its molecular weight is hard to be accurately

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the production of polyol from microbial oil using wood-based hemicellulose stream through a greener enzymatic process. Yeast biomass concentration of 16.54 ± 0.65 g/L and lipid concentration of 6.97 ± 0.58 g/L were obtained by batch fermentation of hemicellulose prehydrolysate of poplar wood using an oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. The produced microbial

The effects of activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) via co-expression of the HAC1i gene on the production of the recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (rPAE) in Pichia pastoris GS115 were evaluated in this study. The results showed that expression of the HAC1i gene significantly increased the level of Kar2p (a hallmark of UPR activation) in P. pastoris GS115, demonstrating activation

Stress is an emerging and inevitable entity. Stress causes anxiety, depression, imbalance of homeostasis, hormone imbalance, and sleep disturbances that are closely related to the onset of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of Ocimum sanctum extract (TZ-OSE) on anti-anxiety, anti-stress, and control of physiological changes due to sleep disturbance in a rat model

We previously optimized a conventional two-step process (TSP) for biodiesel production using waste coffee grounds (WCGs). In the present study, a novel process, one-step direct process (OSDP) comprised of lipid extraction and simultaneous transesterification in a reactor, was evaluated for biodiesel production for WCGs, and compared with TSP. Owing to a relatively low free-fatty acid content (2.3%)

A simple paper-based colorimetric biosensor based on immobilized tyrosinase and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) was developed for assessing total polyphenol content (TPC) of various green tea beverages. The patterned biosensing zone of the paper-based biosensor showed a sensitive response to catechin (a typical green tea polyphenol) by generating pink color adducts that can be captured

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is emerging as an effective nanocarrier for delivering anticancer drugs. Still, unmodified PAMAM dendrimer is hardly used in vivo because of unsatisfied drug release, high tendency of interfering with cellular membranes, and rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial system. In this study, low generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 is developed and surface modified

According to previous reports, cationic nanoparticles (cNPs) consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a cationic lipid, without any cargos, induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and toxicity in cells. We investigated the effect of DOTAP-based cNPs containing encapsulated human pro-apoptotic proteins (P-cNPs), tBid, Bax, or cytochrome c (Cyt c) on the death of HepG2

To produce malic acid from non-oxidative pathway route in Escherichia coli using two key enzymes and synthetic scaffold complex. E. coli was engineered to produce malic acid from glucose by co-localization of two key enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc) and malate dehydrogenase (MdhA) with synthetic scaffold complex. Scaffold plasmid has produced the maximum concentration of 3.51 g/L malic

In this study, a drying method was developed for effective removal of residual solvents from toluene- or methyl tertiary butyl ether-induced amorphous paclitaxel. By simple rotary evaporation with alcohol pretreatment, there was sufficient removal of the residual toluene, methyl tertiary butyl ether, methanol, and ethanol concentrations of paclitaxel to bring them below the ICH-specified values (890

Inhibition of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling and restoration of endothelial integrity are emerging as promising therapeutic strategies for managing severe vascular inflammatory diseases. Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD, Chinese yam), a perennial plant which belongs to Dioscoreaceae, is widely cultivated across Korea, Japan, China, and other tropical and subtropical regions, and both the aerial

Polypyrrole nanoparticle (Ppy-NP) modified carbon cloth (CC) was fabricated as the cathode for single chamber membrane less microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) for bio-energy production and iron removal using Shewanella putrefaciens as a microbial catalyst. The performance of CC coated with Ppy was compared with that of pure platinum (Pt), the conventional cathode catalyst. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical

Capsaicin analogues are typically synthetized by condensation of the amide group of vanillylamine with a fatty acid derivative. The enzyme of choice to perform this reaction is Candida antarctica lipase B; however, this enzyme is unable to react with the phenolic substiruents of the vanillyl ring. So far, this can only be achieved chemically, resulting in capsaicin esters with higher lipophilicity

Single-use plastic culture devices are commonly used for two-dimensional (2-D) cell cultures. However, as oxygen is generally supplied by uni-directional diffusion from the top gas-liquid interface, 2-D cell cultures in the absence of medium flow may experience rapid exhaustion of dissolved oxygen at the bottom of culture wares with high cell densities. To overcome this issue, special cell culture

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising bio-based chemical for its wide range of applications in industrial areas as synthetic rubber precursor, food additives, and cosmetics. In this study, Escherichia coli DH5α was metabolically engineered for enhanced production of 2,3-BDO by expressing Bacillus subtilis alsS, alsD, and ydjL genes encoding α-acetolactate synthase, α-acetolactate decarboxylase, and

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that acts as a cytokine for erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow, thus, being regulating erythropoiesis. Since polypeptides such as EPO are less stable, a breakthrough for protein drugs is needed. To avoid these limitations, a long-acting conjugate was developed in this study, where we aimed to formulate a long-acting EPO conjugate consists of EPO linked

Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), commonly known as CSF1, is a cytokine produced by osteoblast cells, and is well known for its important role in differentiation of osteoclasts and white adipocyte hyperplasia. However, the role of M-CSF in lipid metabolic activity is lacking insight. In the current study, we explore unidentified actions of M-CSF in adipocytes. Levels of M-CSF were determined

Microbial cellulases have become the mainstream biocatalysts due to their complex nature and widespread industrial applications. Here, homogeneous endoglucanase GluCB31 from Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum CBS31 was studied. GluCB31 was purified to 17.68-fold with an 8.33% yield and a specific activity of 1066.37 U/mg. Biochemical properties of GluCB31 were performed and the results are as follows;

The anti-inflammatory activity of benzopyran derivatives extracted from the Myagropsis myagroides against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was examined. The three constituents of M. myagroides extracts were identified as the sargachromanol G, sargachromanol I, and saringosterol by 1H and 13C NMR. Sargachromanol G, sargachromanol I, and saringosterol at concentrations

Obesity is a serious problem in modern society and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide, resulting in metabolic disorder related diseases. D-allulose, a sugar substitute, boasts a near-zero calorie value and regulates lipid accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism of D-allulose at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of D-allulose

Background Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are powerful tools for predicting metabolic flux distributions, understanding complex cell physiology, and guiding the improvement of cell metabolism and production. Yarrowia lipolytica is known for its ability to accumulate lipids and has been widely employed to produce many important metabolites as an ideal host microorganism. There are six GEMs reconstructed

The heterologous production of iso-migrastatin (iso-MGS) was successfully demonstrated in an engineered S. lividans SB11002 strain, which was derived from S. lividans K4-114, following introduction of pBS11001, which harbored the entire mgs biosynthetic gene cluster. However, under similar fermentation conditions, the iso-MGS titer in the engineered strain was significantly lower than that in the native