Multistimuli-Responsive Nanogels are one of the most trending materials in the scope of biomedical science, which responds when excited with a range of stimuli including temperature, pH, UV light, and redox chemical moieties. These ‘smart’ nanomaterials are reported to exhibit not only higher drug/cargo release profiles, but also enhance the specificity of target delivery. This perspective aims to

The vast amount of feathers generated (>1 Mtons/a in Europe) in the poultry industry is an opportunity of upcycling by-product materials and improving sustainable practices. Feathers are potentially interesting materials as feed protein ingredients due to their high protein (>85 wt%) and cystine content (>7 wt%). However, due to their challenging recalcitrant nature, they have to be processed to make

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are utilized as primary mammalian expression host cells for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Recombinant CHO cell line development (CLD) has been a crucial step for therapeutic protein production platforms; however, this step remains time-consuming and costly. With the emergence of multiomics data sets of CHO cells and genome editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas9

Muscle tissue influences energy and protein metabolism throughout the body. Earlier reports demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP11) could inhibit skeleton muscle proliferation and development. However, the role of BMP11 in the fatty acid metabolism of muscle has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of exogenous BMP11 on lipid metabolism in C2C12

Albumin, the most abundant and long-lived serum protein, exhibits novel features as a carrier that can greatly enhance the pharmacological action of therapeutic payloads. Besides passive trafficking by enhanced permeability and retention effect, albumin has been shown to accumulate within the tumor environment or inflamed tissues by receptor-mediated active transport, lending itself to being a promising

CRISPR/Cas9 system has served a new insight in genome editing of eukaryotes, including human cells. In this system, delivery of Cas9 nuclease with guide RNA has been central challenge in developing safe and efficient techniques. The viral delivery of genes encoding these two components i.e. Cas9 and guide RNA may cause unexpected integration of the DNA sequence into the host cell genome, and lead to

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long historical record of usage in many types of food-related bioprocesses, and as LAB have been found to have intrinsic beneficial effects on human health, interest in using LAB as a medical treatment has increased. Moreover, recent advances in synthetic biology have enabled the engineering of so-called “smart” bacteria with the native characteristics of LAB. With

Recently, the production of exopolysaccharide from Pseudozyma sp. SY16, which is mannosylerythritol lipid-producing yeast, has been occasionally observed during industrial fermentations. Moreover, exopolysaccharides derived from microbes are in high demand for the production of biopolymers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the production and characteristics of the exopolysaccharide produced

Subunit vaccines have been developed as promising vaccines with safety. However, subunit vaccines have difficulties in commercialization due to low efficiencies of delivery and immune response. As a result, studies of adjuvants that improve the immune-inducing ability of vaccines have been conducted globally. Aluminum salts (alum) have been extensively used as vaccine adjuvants, but they cannot induce

L-glutamate oxidase (GLOD) and L-amino acid oxidase (AAO) were reported to be capable of convert L-glutamic acid to α-aketoglutaric acid (α-KG). These two enzymes gene have been successfully expressed by using pHBM905BDM in Pichia pastoris to produce α-aketoglutaric acid from L-glutamic acid in our previous studies. Here these two enzymes were displayed on P. pastoris to achieve the conversion. We

Multiplex PCR simultaneously detects several different DNA targets in a given sample and has, therefore, gained considerable interest for use in examining a genetic target whose number rapidly increases in a single phenotype. Conventional real-time PCR lacks sufficient multiplex capacity, as the limited number of color channels restricts the number of simultaneously detectable targets to six. On the

Butyric acid, a short chain carboxylic acid with diverse usages, is produced by Clostridia fermentation. In the industrial scale production of butyric acid, its separation and recovery from fermentation broth requires energy-intensive processes. To reduce the product recovery costs, it is necessary to convert butyric acid into a chemical with a much higher partition coefficient in the hydrophobic extractants

The accumulation of short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs), such as acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4), and valeric acid (C5), produced by acetogens in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process hampers the maintenance of stable AD processes in biomethane production. The conversion of various SCCAs to the corresponding alcohols can be a good solution not only for utilizing abandoned or

In the present study, an electrochemical glucose biosensor has been developed based on nano-copper oxide micro hollow spheres. The nano-copper oxide micro hollow spheres were synthesized via hydrothermal method using pluronic F-127 as a surfactant. For structural characterization of CuO hollow sphere structures, the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were applied. The performance

In this study, biodiesel was produced from waste coffee grounds (WCGs) using solid catalysts manufactured from waste eggshells (WESs). A one-step direct process (OSDP), comprising extraction of lipids from WCGs and simultaneous transesterification of these lipids with methanol in a reactor, was employed. To facilitate reuse of the solid catalysts, a cartridge containing the solid catalysts was devised

Acrylic acid is used in various industrial applications but inflicts harm to human health and causes environmental pollution. A new bacterium, identified as Rhodococcus ruber JJ-3, was isolated, which can degrade high concentrations of acrylic acid rapidly and completely. Experimental results showed that the strain can achieve complete degradation of 1000 mg·L−1 acrylic acid in 11 h under the following

Here we report a simple and flexible method for DNA data storage based on Perl script. For this approach, the text data of the preamble of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” consisting of 2,046 words was encoded into the corresponding 8,148 base pairs of DNA using Perl-based encoding with a hash table. The encoded DNA sequences were then artificially synthesized for storage. The information

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide. Although chemical or biological drugs have been developed, they have limited therapeutic effects. To overcome this issue, alternative therapeutic agents based on nucleic acid drugs have been developed. Of the several nucleic acid-based drugs, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are known to be drastically downregulated in cancer cells, and this

Chitin is a linear homopolymer of acetylated β-(1,4)-linked glucosamine residues and among the most abundant polysaccharides in the world. Here, we identified and purified a novel chitosanase (CCHA) from Aspergillus oryzae NKY2017 obtained from Hu’bei province in China. Construction of a cDNA library from this strain revealed the gene sequence subsequently expressed in Pichia pastoris and subsequent

Exogenous elicitors can influence accumulation of triterpenoids by regulating FPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) in Inonotus obliquus, such as birch bark (BB), birch rhizosphere soil (BS), Frankia alni (FA), and Rhizobium indigoferae (RI). Among them, the highest yield of biomass (15.6 mg/mL) could be detected by treatment with RI at 2 µg/mL for 10 d, about 2.1-fold of the control. Results showed

Tissues contain more tumor-type specific information than biofluids, such as blood, rendering them valuable resources for biomarker studies. However, considering the characteristics of tissue homogenization, it is difficult to obtain reproducible samples and analyze many samples simultaneously. To address these issues, we developed a robust and reproducible method for preparing tissues for targeted

Considering the significance of effective antigen presentation for boosting immune responses, it is essential to develop delivery systems for antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells and macrophages). As a simple and facile way for improving delivery efficiency of PLGA microspheres (MS) into APCs, we fabricated exosome-conjugated PLGA MS via polydopamine coating in this study. Spherical micro-sized

Chronic inflammation is the cause of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, with a large number of people suffering from them. There have been many reports that even link cancer to inflammation, so the development of sophisticated and powerful drugs continues to be in demand. Here we demonstrate that the methanol extract of Lecania gerlachei (LGME), a lichen member found in the extreme

Cheong-Pye-Ko (CPK) and Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK) are traditional herbal medicine prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine as tonics for pulmonary-related diseases for centuries. However, the effects of a mixture of CPK and KOK (C-KOK) on cytokine-mediated pulmonary damage have not yet been elucidated. This study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the process of cell fate determination. However, their function and expression profiles have not yet been systematically investigated during the transdifferentiation of glial precursor cells derived from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the peripheral nervous system. Our results demonstrated significant differences in gene architecture and expression

Nodusmicin and 18-O-acetyl-nodusmicin were isolated as a co-metabolite of nargenicin from Nocardia sp. CS682. NgnL belonging to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and was evaluated for its potential for acetylation of nodusmicin by in-vitro reactions. The generation of 18-O-acetyl nodusmicin was confirmed by high resolution-quadruple time of flight mass

In this study, we performed a kinetic analysis of CO-dependent H2 production by metabolically engineered Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, MC01 in terms of the cell activity as well as mass transfer rate. We conducted continuous cultures with varying dilution rate, CO flow rate, or agitation speed. Despite oscillations in cell density, the cultures reached steady states at all operating conditions. As the

Pseudomonas protegens is a gram-negative bacterium with an excellent biological control effect. Compared to standard cells growing in NaCl-free media, the ability of the hyperosmotic cells (450 mM NaCl) to resist high temperatures and freezing was significantly improved. It is of great significance to apply the P. protegens to elaborate on the hyperosmotic adaptation mechanism. RNA-seq was used to

Bioconversion of organic biomass such as plant hydrolysate and organic waste into valuable biochemicals is very challenging. In this study, carbohydrate-rich watermelon rinds and protein-rich okara (soybean waste) were converted into biofuels of ethanol, isobutanol, and methylbutanols using an engineered Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis mixed-whole cell biotransformation. The engineered E. coli

Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Citrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that are commonly found in water, soil, food, animals, or intestines in humans and warm-blooded animals and are a major concern for antibiotic resistance, especially C. freundii that exists in the farms, medical environment, and is difficult

We report a novel strategy of integrating microbial fuel cell (MFC) with microbial immobilization technology (MIT) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to test the performance of nitrate removal for the first time. Results showed that MFC could enhance nitrate removal in the novel integrated system, especially for wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, and the nitrate removal efficiency reached

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of peptides derived from defatted mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and to determine the expression level of obesity-related membrane-associated proteins in the rat muscle. The production of functional peptide was produced by hydrolysis of mealworm protein using commercial enzymes. To evaluate anti-obesity effects through animal feeding

Enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicelluloses in biomass feedstocks requires multiple enzymes for sacchari-fication to fermentable monosaccharides. Considering the high cost of enzymes, the need for enzymes in the cocktail for maximum saccharification can be minimized using a statistically significant experimental design. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize the saccharification

The effects of different oxygen uptake rates (OUR) on the physiological metabolism of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were investigated systematically in 50 L fermenters due to the significant influence on industrial coenzyme Q10 production under oxygen supply limitation. Meanwhile, the seriously decreased oxygen transfer rate caused by the increased broth viscosity was successfully prevented with OUR-directed

A fibroin-degrading bacterium was isolated in a medium containing fibroin as a sole nitrogen source, and then identified and characterized. The strain was designated Bacillus subtilis strain Bs5C, and the culture medium containing the extracellular proteolytic enzymes was found to hydrolyze cocoon fiber. A decomposition rate of 35% was achieved with the culture medium in optimized cocoon-degrading

Oxidative stress can cause various diseases including inflammation, neurological disorders, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the current search for natural antioxidants, probiotics have received increasing scientific interest and are facing a growing industrial demand. Although various strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are currently used in numerous health food supplements

In this study, bioproduction and application of a microbial pigment from Chryseobacterium and Deinococcus species screened from soil were investigated. The pigments extracted from both cell cultures were identified as a flexirubin (FL)- and deinoxanthin-type (DX). The isolated pigments showed a mass value of 618.48 and 584.41 m/z by LC/MS, respectively. Flask production of the crude FL pigment in complex

The cost of culture media represents a considerable portion of the overall cost in syngas fermentation. Yeast extract is an expensive ingredient among the medium components required to prepare the culture medium. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of replacing yeast extract with relatively low-cost nutrient supplements such as corn steep liquor, malt extract, and vegetable extract in improving

Recently, pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered as promising strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs. During the screening of natural compounds that may stimulate thermogenesis, urolithin A (UroA), which is metabolized from pomegranate ellagitannins by gut microflora, was identified as a potent anti-obesity

In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Eurotium cristatum, isolated from Fuzhuan brick-tea and its antibacterial activity has been demonstrated. AgNPs were characterized at 425 nm as maximum absorbance peak by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The images of transmission electron microscopy revealed that AgNPs are spherical shape with at 15–20 nm in size. The X-ray

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synthesis, structural analysis, and biological effects of novel ((2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenyl derivatives. The efficacy of 15-PGDH inhibition increased for the substituents in the derivatives in the order: cyclohexylpropyl > cyclohexylethyl > cyclohexylmethyl > cyclohexyl. Compound 12 inhibited 15-PGDH activity by binding to the amino

Naturally degradable bioplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a promising biopolymer and its physical properties could be changed by introducing of different monomers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx). To produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HB-co-3HV)) including a high fraction of hydroxyvalerate, we introduced ctfAB into engineered

Protein trans-splicing is a naturally occurring process in which two protein fragments are ligated by a reaction between two intein domains, called split inteins. Despite their usefulness in research, the reactivity and structure of only a few split inteins have been studied. We used cell-based kanamycin selection and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to simultaneously measure the splicing reactivity

Melanin provides photoprotection against UV irradiation, but excessive melanin accumulation can cause several problems such as darkened skin, melasma, and freckles. Although many anti-melanogenic agents have been developed for skin-whitening cosmetics, safety issues have been raised regarding these products. As natural substances are often non-toxic and are considered by some to be safer than synthetic

Streptomyces avermitilis MA4680 was used for the biotransformation of phloretin, one of the dihydrochalcone found in apple bark. After LC analysis, two main biotransformed products were identified and they were further analyzed using GC/MS. After BSTFA derivatization of biotransformed product, they were interpreted as regioselectively hydroxylated products of phloretin in Bring. Maximum conversion

Synechocystis strains are considered as valuable resources for production of useful metabolites. Comparative primary metabolic and lipidomic profiling of freshwater and marine Synechocystis strains is needed to understand the physiological characteristics of each strain at molecular level. In this study, we performed comparative primary metabolic and lipidomic profiling of freshwater Synechocystis

In this study, we investigated the kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of vacuum drying and dehydration of plant cells of Taxus chinensis. The efficiency of vacuum drying increased with increases in the drying temperature (45–60°C). When the experimental data were fitted to typical kinetic models for drying, the Modified Page were the most appropriate. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic

A novel functional micropipette tip for DNA purification, called DNAtip, is described based on a novel coating process. The functional layer is prepared by an internal coating with silica particles supported into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. The coating layer is stabilized by simultaneous radiation-induced crosslinking to avoid its dissolution. Three types of silica particles of different diameters:

Thyroid cancer is the most important malignant tumor reported in human populations where, its treatment remains undeveloped. Fisetin, a plant flavonoid exhibits several pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer function. In the existing study, we assessed fisetin mediated cytotoxic effects and action potential of fisetin on cell proliferation in TPC-1 human cancer

Folate-decorated monoolein (MO) cubosomes containing poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), cinnamic acid (CA), and doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared to deliver the anticancer drug specifically to cancer cells (KB cells) and boost the anti-cancer efficacy without causing an acute toxicity. Hydrophobically modified (Hm) gelatin (Gel)-folate (FA) conjugate (HmGel-FA) was prepared through amidation reaction among Gel

A proton beam (PB) can be used to treat various cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PB on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The results showed that P53 phosphorylation at Ser15 was significantly induced by PB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dose-dependent increases of P21 expression and H2A.X phosphorylation by PB were observed at 24 h and 48 h after irradiation

In the present study, an aptamer-based fluorescent assay was developed to detect fipronil in liquid eggs, using a carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamer (FAM aptamer) and partially complementary DNA labeled with carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA cDNA). The fipronil amount in analytical samples was determined by measuring FAM fluorescence at 522 nm. In the absence of fipronil, FAM fluorescence is

The prevalence of encephalomyocarditis virus has brought about enormous financial losses to the swine industry throughout the globe. Chinese herbal medicines have potential antiviral activity which has been proved. Fifteen traditional Chinese medicine compounds were screened for anti-encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) activity. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), cytotoxic concentration 50%

Nanoparticles have different physical and chemical properties than those of micro-sized particles and are actively studied in the fields of electronics, biology, and material science. However, in case of most polymeric nanoparticles, maintaining and remaining in their colloid state for a long time is difficult due to self-aggregation. In this study, we examined the morphological, physical, and chemical

Purification and identification of novel proteases is critical in the development of new therapeutic drugs, such as those for ischemic stroke. However, it's a time-consuming and expensive job to purify enzymes from natural sources. Furthermore, even if the process is completed, the enzyme could be a known protease. Zymography is a protease-confirming assay, but its molecular weight is hard to be accurately

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the production of polyol from microbial oil using wood-based hemicellulose stream through a greener enzymatic process. Yeast biomass concentration of 16.54 ± 0.65 g/L and lipid concentration of 6.97 ± 0.58 g/L were obtained by batch fermentation of hemicellulose prehydrolysate of poplar wood using an oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. The produced microbial

The effects of activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) via co-expression of the HAC1i gene on the production of the recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (rPAE) in Pichia pastoris GS115 were evaluated in this study. The results showed that expression of the HAC1i gene significantly increased the level of Kar2p (a hallmark of UPR activation) in P. pastoris GS115, demonstrating activation

Stress is an emerging and inevitable entity. Stress causes anxiety, depression, imbalance of homeostasis, hormone imbalance, and sleep disturbances that are closely related to the onset of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of Ocimum sanctum extract (TZ-OSE) on anti-anxiety, anti-stress, and control of physiological changes due to sleep disturbance in a rat model

We previously optimized a conventional two-step process (TSP) for biodiesel production using waste coffee grounds (WCGs). In the present study, a novel process, one-step direct process (OSDP) comprised of lipid extraction and simultaneous transesterification in a reactor, was evaluated for biodiesel production for WCGs, and compared with TSP. Owing to a relatively low free-fatty acid content (2.3%)

A simple paper-based colorimetric biosensor based on immobilized tyrosinase and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) was developed for assessing total polyphenol content (TPC) of various green tea beverages. The patterned biosensing zone of the paper-based biosensor showed a sensitive response to catechin (a typical green tea polyphenol) by generating pink color adducts that can be captured