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Temperature-Induced Changes in Hatching Size of a Tropical Snail Occur During Oogenesis and Can Persist for Several Weeks Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Sophia Ly; Rachel Collin
It is accepted that temperature affects offspring size in ectotherms. However, the processes that result in temperature-induced changes are not well understood. We sought to determine when temperature changes during development induce changes in hatching size and how long hatchlings reflect the previous thermal experiences of their mother. Juveniles of the common tropical slipper snail Crepidula cf
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Continuous and Regular Expansion of a Distributed Visual System in the Eyed Chiton Tonicia lebruni Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Julia D. Sigwart; Lauren Sumner-Rooney
Chitons have a distinctive armature of eight articulating dorsal shells. In all living species, the shell valves are covered by a dense array of sensory pores called aesthetes; but in some taxa, a subset of these are elaborated into lensed eyes, which are capable of spatial vision. We collected a complete ontogenetic series of the eyed chiton Tonicia lebruni de Rochebrune, 1884 to examine the growth
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Index to Volume 239 Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-12-21
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 3, Page 219-220, December 2020.
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Front Matter Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-12-21
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 3, December 2020.
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About the Cover Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-12-21
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 3, December 2020.
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An Invader’s Peculiar Trophic Behavior: Diel Fluctuations and Environmental Drivers Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Lucía Saveanu; Pablo Rafael Martín
The trophic ecology of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata was intensely investigated because of the impacts of its grazing on aquatic vegetation, including crops. However, this freshwater snail also gathers food from the water surface by using a pedal funnel, a distinctive trophic behavior called pedal surface collecting. We investigated the diel fluctuations of this trophic behavior through
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Dopamine as a Multifunctional Neurotransmitter in Gastropod Molluscs: An Evolutionary Hypothesis Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Mark W. Miller
The catecholamine 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, or dopamine, acts as a neurotransmitter across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. Functions attributed to dopamine in the mammalian brain include regulation of motor circuits, valuation of sensory stimuli, and mediation of reward or reinforcement signals. Considerable evidence also supports a neurotransmitter role for dopamine in gastropod molluscs, and there
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Getting out of Arms’ Way: Star Wars and Snails on the Seashore Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Geerat J. Vermeij
Many shell-bearing gastropods exhibit pre-capture behaviors when encountering predatory asteroid sea stars. As shown in this meta-analysis of 48 studies on 24 sea star and 100 gastropod and chiton species, almost three-quarters of prey escape by moving or tumbling away, whereas the remaining species clamp tightly to the substratum or otherwise resist. The aim of the present paper is to correlate these
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Initiation of Posterior Coeloms of an Ophiuroid (Brittle Star) and Plasticity in Their Development Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Richard R. Strathmann; Megumi F. Strathmann; Amy T. Sewell; Lucienne Fenaux
In the ophioplutei of brittle stars, the posterior coeloms are commonly assumed to be produced by a transverse fission of the initially formed coeloms; but in ophioplutei of Ophiopholis aculeata, the posterior coeloms first appear separately as aggregations of mesenchyme-like cells near the base of the posterolateral arms. Initiation of posterior coeloms was similar in ophioplutei of another family
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Front Matter Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-11-05
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 2, October 2020.
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About the Cover Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-11-05
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 2, October 2020.
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Recovery of Burrowing Behavior After Spinal Cord Injury in the Larval Sea Lamprey Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Hilary R. Katz; Kaitlyn E. Fouke; Nicole A. Losurdo; Jennifer R. Morgan
Following traumatic spinal cord injury, most mammalian species are unable to achieve substantial neuronal regeneration and often experience loss of locomotor function. In contrast, larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) spontaneously recover normal swimming behaviors by 10–12 weeks post-injury, which is supported by robust regeneration of spinal axons. While recovery of swimming behavior is well
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Ghost Factors of Laboratory Carbonate Chemistry Are Haunting Our Experiments Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 A. W. E. Galloway; G. von Dassow; J. B. Schram; T. Klinger; T. M. Hill; A. T. Lowe; F. Chan; R. M. Yoshioka; K. J. Kroeker
For many historical and contemporary experimental studies in marine biology, seawater carbonate chemistry remains a ghost factor, an uncontrolled, unmeasured, and often dynamic variable affecting experimental organisms or the treatments to which investigators subject them. We highlight how environmental variability, such as seasonal upwelling and biological respiration, drive variation in seawater
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Demographic, Environmental, and Phenotypic Change but Genetic Consistency in the Jellyfish Mastigias papua Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Holly F. Swift; Michael N. Dawson
Spatiotemporal environmental change can produce phenotypic differences within and between populations. For scyphozoans, the effect of environmental variation on phenotype has been unclear because of multiple challenges, including difficulties delimiting populations. Marine lakes, bodies of seawater entirely surrounded by land, provide an opportunity to study discrete populations and capture responses
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World Travelers: DNA Barcoding Unmasks the Origin of Cloning Asteroid Larvae from the Caribbean Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Rachel Collin; Dagoberto E. Venera-Pontón; Gustav Paulay; Michael J. Boyle
The identity of wild cloning sea star larvae has been a mystery since they were first documented in the Caribbean. The most commonly collected cloning species was thought to belong to the Oreasteridae, on the basis of similarity with sequences from Oreaster reticulatus and Oreaster clavatus. This larval form has recently been linked to a rare benthic juvenile. As part of two larger DNA barcoding projects
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From Coelomocytes to Colored Aggregates: Cellular Components and Processes Involved in the Immune Response of the Holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Guillaume Caulier; Jean-François Hamel; Annie Mercier
While so-called brown bodies were first defined in the 1950s as colorful aggregates of cells in the general cavity of echinoderms and other marine benthic taxa, their distribution and role have not yet been fully clarified. This work characterized free coelomocytes and corresponding aggregates (“bodies”) in the hydrovascular system and perivisceral coelom, as well as those attached on the membranes
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Influence of Symbiont Species on the Glycerol and Glucose Pools in a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Dorota E. Starzak; Rosanne G. Quinnell; Clayton B. Cook; Simon K. Davy
Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae release mobile compounds (e.g., glucose, glycerol, amino acids, and lipids) to their host’s tissues. Little is known about how different symbionts affect quantitative and qualitative differences in these compounds. We tested how symbiont identity affects glycerol and glucose pools in the tissues of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (“Aiptasia”)
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Chemosensory Basis of Feeding Behavior in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Dana Eap; Sara Correa; Hanh Ngo-Vu; Charles D. Derby
The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is important as the principal species in the worldwide aquaculture of shrimp. It has also become a model in the study of crustacean biology, especially because it is one of the first decapod crustaceans to have its genome sequenced. This study examined an aspect of the sensory biology of this shrimp that is important in its aquaculture, by describing
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Cnidocyte Supporting Cell Complexes Regulate Nematocyst-Mediated Feeding Behaviors in the Sea Anemone Diadumene lineata Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Virginia McAuley; Glyne U. Thorington; David A. Hessinger
Cnidarians, as model animals for studying conserved feeding behavior, possess the simplest nervous and digestive systems. Feeding behavior in cnidarians begins with nematocyst-mediated prey retention, proceeds to coordinated tentacle movements and mouth opening, and then proceeds to release of retained prey for ingestion. Understanding the basis of nematocyst discharge, retention, and release is central
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Front Matter Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-08-19
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 1, August 2020.
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About the Cover Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-08-19
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 239, Issue 1, August 2020.
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Effects of Salinity and pH of Seawater on the Reproduction of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 Nunzia Limatola,Jong Tai Chun,Luigia Santella
Fertilization and early development are usually the most vulnerable stages in the life of marine animals, and the biological processes during this period are highly sensitive to the environment. In nature, sea urchin gametes are shed in seawater, where they undergo external fertilization and embryonic development. In a laboratory, it is possible to follow the exact morphological and biochemical changes
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Seasonal Variation in Reproduction of Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus) from the Gulf Coast of Florida. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Daniel A Sasson,Sheri L Johnson,Matthew D Smith,H Jane Brockmann
The timing of reproduction is often governed by environmental variables, such as temperature or rainfall. Understanding how environmental variables affect mating dynamics is necessary to predict how systems and populations may adapt to changing environmental conditions and is crucial for management of threatened species. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) ranges from the Yucatan to Maine
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Reproductive Aggregations of Dynoides dentisinus (Crustacea: Peracarida), an Intertidal Isopod with Remarkable Sexual Dimorphism. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Takeru Nakamachi,Akira Asakura
The intertidal isopod Dynoides dentisinus is a sexually dimorphic species; males are much larger than females and have a large, horn-like pleonal process (hereafter referred to as a “horn”) and large, posteriorly extended uropods. Here, we investigated the function of these structures with regard to their mating system. Behavioral interactions were observed between a male occupying a small tube (resident)
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Body Size of Temperate Sea Spiders: No Evidence of Oxygen-Temperature Limitations. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 Caitlin M Shishido,H Arthur Woods,Bret W Tobalske,Steven J Lane,Amy L Moran
Oxygen limitation has been proposed as one of the key factors that limits body size at high temperatures (the oxygen-temperature hypothesis). Geographic patterns in body size are thought to be driven in part by the effects of temperature on oxygen supply and demand, particularly when the increased oxygen demand of tissues at higher temperatures outpaces the ability of large organisms to supply internal
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Brooding in the Southern Ocean: The Case of the Pterasterid Sea Star Diplopteraster verrucosus (Sladen, 1882). Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Cintia P Fraysse,Claudia C Boy,Yamila A Becker,Javier A Calcagno,Analía F Pérez
Diplopteraster verrucosus is a sea star that incubates its offspring in nidamental chambers. The offspring rely exclusively on maternally provided nutrition. The retention of the embryonic stages allows the allocation of nutritional supplies from the female to the brooded juveniles during the brooding period. The main objectives of this study are, first, to quantify the reproductive investment of D
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Separating Thermal and Viscous Effects of Temperature on Copepod Respiration and Energy Budget. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Abigail S Tyrell,Nicholas S Fisher,David M Fields
Changes in temperature alter the viscosity of fluids, which impacts the force needed to move and the diffusion rates of gases. This is particularly salient for organisms that operate at mid to low Reynolds numbers. In this study, we investigated the independent effects of changes in temperature and viscosity on oxygen consumption rates of two coastal copepods (Acartia tonsa and Parvocalanus crassirostris)
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Index to Volume 238. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-29
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 238, Issue 3, Page 214-216, June 2020.
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Ink Release and Swimming Behavior in the Oceanic Ctenophore Eurhamphaea vexilligera. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 J P Townsend,B J Gemmell,K R Sutherland,S P Colin,J H Costello
Of the more than 150 ctenophore species, the oceanic ctenophore Eurhamphaea vexilligera is notable for its bright orange-yellow ink, secreted from numerous small vesicles that line its substomodeal comb rows. To date, in situ observations by scuba divers have proved the most fruitful method of observing these animals’ natural behavior. We present the results of one such contemporary scuba-based observation
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Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) and Bursal Ventilation. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 MacKenna A H Hainey,Richard B Emlet
The basket star Gorgonocephalus eucnemis is an aerobic organism highly dependent on dissolved oxygen in surrounding waters. Previous observations on the anatomy of Gorgonocephalus state that five pairs of ossicles (the radial shields and genital plates) regulate the position of the roof of the body disc and are responsible for flushing seawater into and out of the bursae, though this seems never to
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Activated L-Type Calcium Channels Inhibit Chemosensitized Nematocyst Discharge from Sea Anemone Tentacles. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Glyne U Thorington,David A Hessinger
Because in vivo nematocyst discharge requires extracellular Ca2+, Ca2+ channels have been suspected to be involved; but their identity and role have not been revealed. The majority of nematocysts that discharge from sea anemone tentacles are under the control of sensitizing chemoreceptors for N-acetylated sugars (e.g., N-acetylneuraminic acid). Activated chemoreceptors predispose contact-sensitive
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Evolutionary Modification of Pereopods in Phronimid Amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Phronimidae) Reflects Host Differences. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Yoshiakira Iinuma,Shuhei Yamaguchi,Mikio Kato,Kazumitsu Nakaguchi,Susumu Ohtsuka,Kaori Wakabayashi
Phronimid amphipods are oceanic crustaceans associated with gelatinous zooplankters. Their host organisms belong mainly to two taxonomic groups: tunicates (salps or pyrosomes; subphylum Tunicata) and siphonophores (Cnidaria). After these amphipods devour the inner tissues of their hosts, they display the unique behavior of modifying their hosts into hollow barrel-shaped shelters, which are then utilized
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Finding the Sweet Spot: Sub-Ambient Light Increases Fitness and Kleptoplast Survival in the Sea Slug Plakobranchus cf. ianthobaptus Gould, 1852. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Samantha A Donohoo,Rachael M Wade,Alison R Sherwood
Sacoglossans, or “sap-sucking” sea slugs, are primarily algivorous, with many taxa exhibiting kleptoplasty, the feeding and retaining of photosynthetically active chloroplasts from algae. The Plakobranchus species complex exhibits some of the longest kleptoplast retention and survival times under starvation conditions, but the contributions of these kleptoplasts to their survival and overall fitness
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Grazer Interactions with Invasive Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Rhodophyta): Comparisons to Related versus Unrelated Native Algae. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 S K Berke,E L Keller,C N Needham,C R Salerno
Ecosystem responses to invasion are strongly influenced by interactions between invaders and native species. If native species provide biotic resistance by consuming or competing with an invader, the invasion may be slowed, and/or invasive populations may be limited. If local herbivores recognize an invasive plant as being similar to native species, they may graze it more readily. Biotic resistance
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Front Matter Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-29
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 238, Issue 3, June 2020.
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About the Cover Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-06-29
The Biological Bulletin, Volume 238, Issue 3, June 2020.
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Shift of the Vegetal Pole Area of Full-Grown Oocytes Toward the Ovulatory Site of the Ovary in the Medaka Fish, Oryzias latipes (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae). Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Takashi Iwamatsu,Shoji Oda,Hirokuni Kobayashi,Lynne R Parenti,Yasuhisa Kobayashi
This study presents novel findings on the dynamics of growing oocytes in the ovary of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. In the ovary of mature females, all follicles are anchored tightly to the abdominal ovarian rete via fibrous follicular stalks on the follicle surface. The follicular stalks lie at the end of the follicle opposite the site of its attachment to the ovarian wall. Various lengths of
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Seasonally Driven Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Temperate Tethya Species. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 Megan R Shaffer,Simon K Davy,Manuel Maldonado,James J Bell
Marine organisms that rely on environmental cues for reproduction are likely to experience shifts in reproductive phenology and output due to global climate change. To assess the role that the environment may play in the reproductive timing for temperate sponges, this study examined sexual and asexual reproduction in New Zealand sponge species (Tethya bergquistae and the Tethya burtoni complex) and
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Phenotypic Variation in Growth and Gene Expression Under Different Photoperiods in Allopatric Populations of the Copepod Tigriopus californicus. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 Daniel T Schneck,Felipe S Barreto
Daylength is a major environmental condition that varies seasonally and predictably along a latitudinal cline, where higher latitudes exhibit greater ranges in total daylengths. Generally, the circadian clock acts as a network of genes whose expression dynamics are known to control daily rhythms in response to daylength, and it enables the control of many physiological processes such as growth and
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Red Coloration in an Anchialine Shrimp: Carotenoids, Genetic Variation, and Candidate Genes. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-04-15 Ryan J Weaver,Bryson K Gonzalez,Scott R Santos,Justin C Havird
Red coloration is a widely distributed phenotype among animals, yet the pigmentary and genetic bases for this phenotype have been described in relatively few taxa. Here we show that the Hawaiian endemic anchialine shrimp Halocaridina rubra is red because of the accumulation of astaxanthin. Laboratory colonies of phylogenetically distinct lineages of H. rubra have colony-specific amounts of astaxanthin
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Thermal Range and Physiological Tolerance Mechanisms in Two Shark Species from the Northwest Atlantic. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-04-14 Abigail B Bockus,Christopher J LaBreck,Jodi L Camberg,Jeremy S Collie,Brad A Seibel
Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and smoothhound (Mustelus canis) sharks in the northwest Atlantic undergo seasonal migrations driven by changes in water temperature. However, the recognized thermal habitats of these regional populations are poorly described. Here, we report the thermal range, catch frequency with bottom temperature, and catch frequency with time of year for both shark species in
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Direct Observation of the Setular Web That Fuses Thoracopodal Setae of a Calanoid Copepod into a Collapsible Fan. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 George von Dassow,Richard B Emlet
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Developmental Consequences of Temperature and Salinity Stress in the Sand Dollar Dendraster excentricus. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 S T Abdel-Raheem,Jonathan D Allen
Animals that reside, reproduce, and develop in nearshore habitats are often exposed to strong fluctuations in abiotic conditions, including temperature and salinity. We studied the developmental response of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus to increased temperature and reduced salinity at levels comparable to those induced by summer freshwater input into the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. We
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Regulation of Metamorphosis by Environmental Cues and Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Lecithotrophic Larvae of the Starfish Astropecten latespinosus. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 Shumpei Yamakawa,Yoshiaki Morino,Masanao Honda,Hiroshi Wada
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Arrested Sexual Development in Queen Conch (Lobatus gigas) Linked to Abnormalities in the Cerebral Ganglia. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 Gabriel A Delgado,Robert A Glazer,Nancy J Brown-Peterson
In the Florida Keys, queen conchs (Lobatus gigas) occur in two spatially distinct regions: nearshore in habitats immediately adjacent to the shoreline and offshore in habitats along the reef tract south of the islands. Our previous research demonstrated that adult conchs nearshore are not reproductively active, showing deficiencies in their gonadal condition compared to their offshore counterparts
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Out of the Blue: The Failure of the Introduced Sea Anemone Sagartia elegans (Dalyell, 1848) in Salem Harbor, Massachusetts. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-09 Christopher D Wells,Larry G Harris
Failed invasions can be a key component for understanding and controlling introduced populations because understanding mechanisms behind failures can improve effective controls. In 2000, the non-native sea anemone Sagartia elegans was first found in Salem, Massachusetts, and it recolonized each summer. No individuals of S. elegans have been found after 2010, despite intensive search efforts. A mismatch
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Myoanatomy of the Lophophore in Adult Phoronids and the Evolution of the Phoronid Lophophore. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-06 Elena N Temereva
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to study the myoanatomy of the lophophore of three phoronids with different types of lophophore: Phoronis ijimai, Phoronis australis, and Phoronopsis harmeri. A four-part ground plan of the lophophoral musculature was detected in all three species and was previously reported for Phoronis ovalis. The ground plan includes (i) a circular muscle, (ii) longitudinal
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Shinya Inoué: A Long Career Advancing Microscopy and Cell Biology (1921-2019). Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Lisa A Cameron
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Equalization of Cleavage Is Not Causally Responsible for Specification of Cell Lineage. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-22 Allison Edgar
An unequal cleavage gives rise to a dedicated population of larval skeletogenic cells in sea urchins. The timing of this unequal cleavage, associated localization of key lineage markers, and loss of this lineage when embryos are treated with cleavage-equalizing reagents have all suggested that the asymmetry of the daughter cells is causal to the specification of this cell lineage. However, the mechanism
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Foregut Development and Metamorphosis in a Pyramidellid Gastropod: Modularity and Constraint within a Complex Life Cycle. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-22 K S Harms,A V Hesketh,L R Page
Pyramidellids are tiny ectoparasitic gastropods with highly derived feeding structures for piercing and sucking. We attempted to resolve homology controversies about unique pyramidellid feeding structures by examining foregut development through larval and metamorphic stages, using sections for light and electron microscopy. We anticipated that, like many marine invertebrate larvae, post-metamorphic
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Facing Adversity: Dormant Embryos in Rotifers. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Eduardo M García-Roger,Esther Lubzens,Diego Fontaneto,Manuel Serra
An in-depth look at the basic aspects of dormancy in cyclic parthenogenetic organisms is now possible thanks to research efforts conducted over the past two decades with rotifer dormant embryos. In this review, we assemble and compose the current knowledge on four central themes: (1) distribution of dormancy in animals, with an overview on the phylogenetic distribution of embryo dormancy in metazoans
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Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: "An Egg Is Not Just an Egg". Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Benni Winding Hansen
Long-lasting embryonic dormancy in invertebrates defies our understanding of what constitutes life because, for example, eggs of some copepods can delay hatching for decades or even centuries. Copepods, often millimeter-sized crustaceans, are some of the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth and are key organisms in most aquatic food webs. Some important free-living marine and estuarine species
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A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Elise Skottene,Ann M Tarrant,Anders J Olsen,Dag Altin,Bjørn Henrik Hansen,Marvin Choquet,Rolf Erik Olsen,Bjørn M Jenssen
Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis are keystone zooplankton species in North Atlantic and Arctic marine ecosystems because they form a link in the trophic transfer of nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators on higher trophic levels. These calanoid copepods spend several months of the year in deep waters in a dormant state called diapause, after which they emerge in surface waters
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Ecology and Physiology of Dormancy in a Changing World: Introduction to a Virtual Symposium in The Biological Bulletin. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Ann M Tarrant
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Noncoding RNA Regulation of Dormant States in Evolutionarily Diverse Animals. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Julie A Reynolds
Dormancy is evolutionarily widespread and can take many forms, including diapause, dauer formation, estivation, and hibernation. Each type of dormancy is characterized by distinct features; but accumulating evidence suggests that each is regulated by some common processes, often referred to as a common "toolkit" of regulatory mechanisms, that likely include noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression
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Animal-Microbe Interactions in the Context of Diapause. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Alexandra A Mushegian,Kévin Tougeron
Dormancy and diapause are key adaptations in many organisms, enabling survival of temporarily or seasonally unsuitable environmental conditions. In this review, we examine how our understanding of programmed developmental and metabolic arrest during diapause intersects with the increasing body of knowledge about animal co-development and co-evolution with microorganisms. Host-microbe interactions are
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Pan-Arctic Depth Distribution of Diapausing Calanus Copepods. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Kristina Øie Kvile,Carin Ashjian,Rubao Ji
Diapause at depth is considered an integral part of the life cycle of Calanus copepods, but few studies have focused on the Arctic species Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus. By analyzing a large set of pan-arctic observational data compiled from multiple sources, we show that Arctic Calanus has a broad depth distribution in winter, indicating that diapause at depth is a facultative strategy
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Reproductive Bet-Hedging and Existence in Vernal Pools as Components of Hydra Life History. Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Robert E Steele,Megan D Updegrove,Sara A Kirolos,Lucas Mowery,Daniel E Martínez,Peter J Bryant
Despite the fact that Hydra has been studied for more than 200 years, we know surprisingly little about its life history. We show that Hydra vulgaris embryos hatch sporadically over a period ranging from a few days to nine months. We also report, for what seems to be the first time, the presence of Hydra in a vernal pool. Phylogenetic analysis and sexual crossing show that this Hydra is a member of
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Diapause within the Context of Life-History Strategies in Calanid Copepods (Calanoida: Crustacea). Biol. Bull. (IF 1.527) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Petra H Lenz,Vittoria Roncalli
Post-embryonic diapause in copepods is an adaptation that allows species in the copepod family Calanidae to thrive in high-latitude environments by transforming a short spring phytoplankton bloom into large numbers of lipid-rich individuals capable of surviving a long period of starvation. The copepods, with their high-energy lipid reservoirs, are a critical food source for higher trophic levels, making