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Comparing gastrulation in flies: Links between cell biology and the evolution of embryonic morphogenesis Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Steffen Lemke; Girish Kale; Silvia Urbansky
For decades, Drosophila gastrulation has been at the forefront of investigations into the molecular and cell biological principles by which tissues are formed and shaped into organs. Recent work has started to uncover how evolution shaped the elements and the processes of gastrulation during the early divergence of Drosophila and other flies. Here we look at the macroscopic processes that define fly
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Conservation analysis of core cell cycle regulators and their transcriptional behavior during limb regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Annie Espinal-Centeno; Melissa Dipp-Álvarez; Carlos Saldaña; Laszlo Bako; Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) has been one of the major experimental models for the study of regeneration during the past 100 years. Axolotl limb regeneration takes place through a multi-stage and complex developmental process called epimorphosis that involves diverse events of cell reprogramming. Such events start with dedifferentiation of somatic cells and the proliferation of quiescent stem cells
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Dm Ime4 depletion affects permeability barrier and Chic function in Drosophila spermatogenesis Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Antonio L. Rockwell; Cintia F. Hongay
Adenosine methylation of messenger RNA at the N6 position (m6A) is a non-editing modification that can affect several aspects of mRNA metabolism. Dm Ime4, also known as METTL3, MTA, and MTA-70 in other organisms, is the catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex that adds this modification. Dm ime4 is evolutionarily conserved and essential for development in metazoans and plants. Because of
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Fetal programming by high-fat diet promoted the decreased of the prostate in adult Wistar albino rats Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Pamella Campos-Silva; Angelo Fernandes; Waldemar Costa; Francisco Jose Sampaio; Bianca Gregorio
We investigated the effect of a high-fat diet on body metabolism and ventral prostate morphology in 4-months-old offspring. The mother was fed with a control (C) or a high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, the offspring diet remained the same (C/C, n = 8; HF/HF, n = 8) or it was switched (C/HF, n = 8; HF/C, n = 9). Biometry, blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipid metabolism and
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Pancreas development and the Polycomb group protein complexes Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Niloufer P. Dumasia; Prasad S. Pethe
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The Cdx transcription factors and retinoic acid play parallel roles in antero-posterior position of the pectoral fin field during gastrulation. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Christopher A Quintanilla,Robert K Ho
The molecular regulators that determine the precise position of the vertebrate limb along the anterio-posterior axis have not been identified. One model suggests that a combination of hox genes in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) promotes formation of the limb field, however redundancy among duplicated paralogs has made this model difficult to confirm. In this study, we identify an optimal window during
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Editorial for special issue "gastrulation". Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-09-05 H-Arno J Müller,Rudolf Winklbauer
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Regulatory functions of gga-miR-218 in spermatogonial stem cells meiosis by targeting Stra8. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Yingjie Wang,Lei Zhang,Wenhui Zhang,Changhua Sun,Zheyu Deng,Cai Hu,Ahmed Kamel Elsayed,Xinqi Zhou,Tingting Li,Qisheng Zuo,Xinglong Wang,Bichun Li,Ya-Ni Zhang
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in sperm formation, but its specific function remains unknown. Here, we found that gga-miR-218 regulates chicken sperm formation through in/ex vivo experiments. We constructed over-expression/interference carrier to overexpress and inhibit gga-miR-218 in chicken spermatogonial stem cells, separately, the detection of haploid and QRT-PCR of meiosis related genes revealed
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Improved early development potence of in vitro fertilization embryos by treatment with tubacin increasing acetylated tubulin of matured porcine oocytes. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 JunMing Sun,KuiQing Cui,Zhi Peng Li,BangJun Gao,Ben Huang,QingYou Liu,DeShun Shi
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The transcription factor scleraxis differentially regulates gene expression in tenocytes isolated at different developmental stages. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Y Z Paterson,N Evans,S Kan,A Cribbs,F M D Henson,D J Guest
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β-Cell specific transcription factors in the context of diabetes mellitus and β-cell regeneration. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Sivasangari Balakrishnan,Sugasini Dhavamani,Chidambaram Prahalathan
All pancreatic cell populations arise from the standard gut endoderm layer in developing embryos, requiring a regulatory gene network to originate and maintain endocrine lineages and endocrine function. The pancreatic organogenesis is regulated by the temporal expression of transcription factors and plays a diverse role in the specification, development, differentiation, maturation, and functional
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P311 regulates distal lung development via its interaction with several binding proteins. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 Yu Liu,Xiaohai Zhou,Naiyue Hu,Chunyan Wang,Liqing Zhao
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying alveolar development. P311, a putative neuronal protein originally identified for its high expression during neuronal development, has once been reported to play a potential role in distal lung generation. However, the function of this protein has been poorly understood so far. Hence, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen, combining with
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The anti-epileptic drug valproic acid causes malformations in the developing craniofacial skeleton of zebrafish larvae. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 I G E Gebuijs,J R Metz,J Zethof,C E L Carels,F A D T G Wagener,J W Von den Hoff
Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-epileptic drug known to cause congenital craniofacial abnormalities, including orofacial clefts (OFC). The exact mechanisms by which VPA leads to craniofacial skeletal malformations are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of VPA on cartilage and bone formation in the zebrafish larval head during 1–13 hpf (early) and 25–37 hpf (late) development
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Changes in characteristics of murine hair follicles and tissue stem cells by aging. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Kimihiko Sugaya
The aging process is closely related to the organization of stem cells, and skin is thought to be one of the suitable models for its investigation. We have focused on the murine hair follicle to verify this idea because it shows typical aging phenotypes and is a self-renewing structure reconstituted by its own stem cells. However, how changes in the characteristics of the hair follicle and in the behavior
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Gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster: Genetic control, cellular basis and biomechanics. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Elham Gheisari,Mostafa Aakhte,H-Arno J Müller
Gastrulation is generally understood as the morphogenetic processes that result in the spatial organization of the blastomere into the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the morphogenetic mechanisms in Drosophila gastrulation. In addition to the events that drive mesoderm invagination and germband elongation, we pay particular attention
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Gastrulation and germ layer formation in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and other cnidarians. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 Ulrich Technau
Among the basally branching metazoans, cnidarians display well-defined gastrulation processes leading to a diploblastic body plan, consisting of an endodermal and an ectodermal cell layer. As the outgroup to all Bilateria, cnidarians are an interesting group to investigate ancestral developmental mechanisms. Interestingly, all known gastrulation mechanisms known in Bilateria are already found in different
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CFTR deficiency causes cardiac dysplasia during zebrafish embryogenesis and is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Yanyan Liu,Ziyuan Lin,Mingfeng Liu,Huijuan Liao,Yan Chen,Xiaohu Zhang,Hsiao Chang Chan,Bin Zhou,Li Rao,Huaqin Sun
Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with myocardial dysfunction. However, it remains unknown whether CF-related heart disease is a secondary effect of pulmonary disease, or an intrinsic primary defect in the heart. Here, we used zebrafish, which lack lung tissue, to investigate the role of CFTR in cardiogenesis. Our findings demonstrated that the loss of CFTR impairs cardiac development
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Cellular processes driving gastrulation in the avian embryo. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Guillermo Serrano Nájera,Cornelis J Weijer
Gastrulation consists in the dramatic reorganisation of the epiblast, a one-cell thick epithelial sheet, into a multilayered embryo. In chick, the formation of the internal layers requires the generation of a macroscopic convection-like flow, which involves up to 50,000 epithelial cells in the epiblast. These cell movements locate the mesendoderm precursors into the midline of the epiblast to form
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Brachyury in the gastrula of basal vertebrates. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 Ashley E E Bruce,Rudolf Winklbauer
The Brachyury gene encodes a transcription factor that is conserved across all animals. In non-chordate metazoans, brachyury is primarily expressed in ectoderm regions that are added to the endodermal gut during development, and often form a ring around the site of endoderm internalization in the gastrula, the blastopore. In chordates, this brachyury ring is conserved, but the gene has taken on a new
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Wing patterning in faster developing Drosophila is associated with high ecdysone titer and wingless expression. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 Namita Chauhan,Nidhi Krishna Shrivastava,Namita Agrawal,Mallikarjun N Shakarad
‘Developmental robustness’ is the ability of biological systems to maintain a stable phenotype despite genetic, environmental or physiological perturbations. In holometabolous insects, accurate patterning and development is guaranteed by alignment of final gene expression patterns in tissues at specific developmental stage such as molting and pupariation, irrespective of individual rate of development
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Mouse gastrulation: Coordination of tissue patterning, specification and diversification of cell fate. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Evan S Bardot,Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
During mouse embryonic development a mass of pluripotent epiblast tissue is transformed during gastrulation to generate the three definitive germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. During gastrulation, a spatiotemporally controlled sequence of events results in the generation of organ progenitors and positions them in a stereotypical fashion throughout the embryo. Key to the correct specification
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Mdm4 controls ureteric bud branching via regulation of p53 activity. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Sylvia A Hilliard,Yuwen Li,Angelina Dixon,Samir S El-Dahr
The antagonism between Mdm2 and its close homolog Mdm4 (also known as MdmX) and p53 is vital for embryogenesis and organogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated that targeted disruption of Mdm2 in the Hoxb7+ ureteric bud (Ub) lineage, which gives rise to the renal collecting system, causes renal hypodysplasia culminating in perinatal lethality. In this study, we examine the unique role of Mdm4 in establishing
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Second heart field-specific expression of Nkx2-5 requires promoter proximal interaction with Srf. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Christopher D Clark,Kyu-Ho Lee
The cardiac homeobox transcription factor Nkx2-5 is a major determinant of cardiac identity and cardiac morphogenesis. Nkx2-5 operates as part of a complex and mutually reinforcing network of early transcription factors of the homeobox, GATA zinc finger and MADS domain families to initiate the program of cardiac development and differentiation, particularly in outflow tract precursor cells in the second
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Regulation of axial and head patterning during planarian regeneration by a commensal bacterium. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Katherine B Williams,Johanna Bischof,Frederick J Lee,Kelsie A Miller,Jennifer V LaPalme,Benjamin E Wolfe,Michael Levin
Some animals, such as planaria, can regenerate complex anatomical structures in a process regulated by genetic and biophysical factors, but additional external inputs into regeneration remain to be uncovered. Microbial communities inhabiting metazoan organisms are important for metabolic, immune, and disease processes, but their instructive influence over host structures remains largely unexplored
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A LCMS-based untargeted lipidomics analysis of cleft palate in mouse. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Wancong Zhang,Hanxing Zhao,Jiasheng Chen,Xiaoping Zhong,Weiping Zeng,Bingna Zhang,Kai Qi,Zhonglei Li,Jianda Zhou,Lungang Shi,Zhihao He,Shijie Tang
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism was abnormal during the formation of cleft palate. However, the composition of these lipid species remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Aims of this study were to identify the lipid species components and reveal the key lipid metabolic disorders in cleft palate formation. METHODS The pregnant mice were divided into experimental group exposed to all-trans
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Long noncoding RNA XIST regulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting miR-9-5p. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Chenying Zheng,Chunxiao Bai,Qi Sun,Fan Zhang,Qinsheng Yu,Xueqian Zhao,Shengqian Kang,Jinyu Li,Yusong Jia
This study aimed to investigate whether X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST) regulated the expression of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) through miR-9-5p to promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). We elucidated the molecular regulation mechanisms of XIST underlying osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In osteoporotic patients
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Postnatal development in the rat: Changes in Na+ flux, sodium pump molecular activity and membrane lipid composition. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Paul L Else
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MicroRNA-1-3p enhances osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α inhibitor (HIF1AN). Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Long Zhou,Min Qiu,Lei Yang,Liyu Yang,Yiqi Zhang,Shuai Mu,Hanyi Song
Studies have proved that miRNAs participate in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation (OD), and abnormal expression of miRNAs is related with various states of OD. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNA-1-3p in OD using MC3T3-E1 cells. BMP2 is used to induce OD of MC3T3-E1 cells. MiRNA-1-3p mimics or miRNA-1-3p inhibitor was transfected to MC3T3-E1 cells with BMP2. The expression levels
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Binary fission in Trichoplax is orthogonal to the subsequent division plane. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 Jorge Zuccolotto-Arellano,Rodrigo Cuervo-González
Asexual reproduction in Trichoplax occurs mainly by binary fission and occasionally by the budding of epithelial spheres called "swarmers". The process that leads to binary fission and the mechanisms involved in this segregation are practically unknown. Trichoplax lacks a defined shape, presenting a constantly changing outline due to its continuous movements and body contractions. For this reason,
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HYDIN loss-of-function inhibits GATA4 expression and enhances atrial septal defect risk. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-05-03 Yu Cao,Junying Guo,Jinping Zhang,Li Li,Hui Wang,Wenjun Ren,Lihong Jiang
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting cardiac structural genes can lead to congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Axonemal Central Pair Apparatus Protein (HYDIN) is a ciliary protein previously linked to congenital cardiomyopathy. However, the role of HYDIN in the aetiology of CHDs is thus far unknown. Herein, we explore the function of HYDIN in heart development and CHDs. METHODS The function of HYDIN in cardiac
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Rb family-independent activating E2F increases genome stability, promotes homologous recombination, and decreases non-homologous end joining. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Xun Pei,Elbert Du,Zhentao Sheng,Wei Du
The retinoblastoma protein Rb is a prototype tumor suppressor inactivated in a variety of cancers. In addition to deregulated cell proliferation, Rb inactivation also causes genome instability that contributes to tumorigenesis. Although the genome instability effects of Rb inactivation was shown to be mediated mainly by E2F-independent mechanisms, little is known about whether the constitutive free
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Simulations of sea urchin early development delineate the role of oriented cell division in the morula-to-blastula transition. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Lawrence Bodenstein
The sea urchin morula to blastula transition has long been thought to require oriented cell divisions and blastomere adherence to the enveloping hyaline layer. In a computer simulation model, cell divisions constrained by a surface plane division rule are adequate to effect morphological transition. The hyaline membrane acts as an enhancer but is not essential. The model is consistent with the orientation
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The gene regulatory control of sea urchin gastrulation. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Charles A Ettensohn
The cell behaviors associated with gastrulation in sea urchins have been well described. More recently, considerable progress has been made in elucidating gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that underlie the specification of early embryonic territories in this experimental model. This review integrates information from these two avenues of work. I discuss the principal cell movements that take place during
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Zebrafish Pax1a and Pax1b are required for pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis and ceratobranchial cartilage development. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Yu-Hsiu Liu,Tz-Chi Lin,Sheng-Ping L Hwang
Pharyngeal arches are derived from all three germ layers and molecular interactions among the tissue types are required for proper development of subsequent pharyngeal cartilages; however, the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully described. Here we report that in zebrafish, Pax1a and Pax1b have overlapping and essential functions in pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis and subsequent ceratobranchial
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Disconnect between the developing eye and craniofacial prominences in the avian embryo. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Jamil Jomaa,Jessica Martínez-Vargas,Shadya Essaili,Nida Haider,John Abramyan
In the amniote embryo, the upper jaw and nasal cavities form through coordinated outgrowth and fusion of craniofacial prominences. Adjacent to the embryonic prominences are the developing eyes, which abut the maxillary and lateral nasal prominences. The embryos of extant sauropsids (birds and nonavian reptiles) develop particularly large eyes in comparison to mammals, leading researchers to propose
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Transcriptome analysis of axolotl oropharyngeal explants during taste bud differentiation stages. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Priya Kohli,Lauren Marazzi,Deborah Eastman
The Mexican salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum (Axolotl), is an excellent vertebrate model system to understand development and regeneration. Studies in axolotl embryos have provided important insights into taste bud development. Taste bud specification and determination occur in the oropharyngeal endoderm of axolotl embryos during gastrulation and neurulation, respectively, whereas taste bud innervation
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Functional analysis of engrailed in Tribolium segmentation. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 Jinsung Lim,Chong Pyo Choe
The segment-polarity gene engrailed is required for segmentation in the early Drosophila embryo. Loss of Engrailed function results in segmentation defects that vary in severity from pair-rule phenotypes to a lawn phenotype lacking in obvious of segmentation. During segmentation, Engrailed is expressed in stripes with a single segmental periodicity in Drosophila, which is conserved in all arthropods
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Regulation of Numb during planar cell polarity establishment in the Drosophila eye. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Pedro M Domingos,Andreas Jenny,Keon F Combie,David Del Alamo,Marek Mlodzik,Hermann Steller,Bertrand Mollereau
The establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) in the Drosophila eye requires correct specification of the R3/R4 pair of photoreceptor cells, determined by a Frizzled mediated signaling event that specifies R3 and induces Delta to activate Notch signaling in the neighboring cell, specifying it as R4. Here, we investigated the role of the Notch signaling negative regulator Numb in the specification
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The discovery of the fundamental role of VEGF in the development of the vascular system. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-10-20 Domenico Ribatti
In the 1980', vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) was identified and shown to be a key regulator of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and vascular permeability. The essential role of VEGF and of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) for the development of the embryonic vascular system has been established via gene disruption studies. This article
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Initiation and early growth of the skull vault in zebrafish. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-10-20 Michelle Kanther,Alexandra Scalici,Azman Rashid,Kelly Miao,Ella Van Deventer,Shannon Fisher
The zebrafish offers powerful advantages as a model system for examining the growth of the skull vault and the formation of cranial sutures. The zebrafish is well suited for large-scale genetic screens, available in large numbers, and continual advances in genetic engineering facilitate precise modeling of human genetic disorders. Most importantly, zebrafish are continuously accessible for imaging
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The Hedgehog receptor Patched1 regulates proliferation, neurogenesis, and axon guidance in the embryonic spinal cord. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 Angelo Iulianella,Danielle Stanton-Turcotte
The formation of the vertebrate nervous system depends on the complex interplay of morphogen signaling pathways and cell cycle progression to establish distinct cell fates. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is well understood to promote ventral cell fates in the developing spinal cord. A key regulator of Shh signaling is its receptor Patched1 (Ptch1). However, because the Ptch1 null mutation
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In vivo assessment of gonad status, secondary sex characteristics and spawning in transparent Casper zebrafish. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 Nikki Brantley,Charles A Lessman
Important aspects of vertebrate reproduction, such as gametogenesis, involve changes in organs found deep internally and thus not easily studied directly in most living vertebrates due to obscuring pigment and overlying tissues. Transparent lines of zebrafish, especially the Casper double mutant, allow direct observation and analysis of reproductive events in the gonads in vivo. The natural production
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An in vitro model of region-specific rib formation in chick axial skeleton: Intercellular interaction between somite and lateral plate cells. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-09-04 Kaoru Matsutani,Koji Ikegami,Hirohiko Aoyama
The axial skeleton is divided into different regions based on its morphological features. In particular, in birds and mammals, ribs are present only in the thoracic region. The axial skeleton is derived from a series of somites. In the thoracic region of the axial skeleton, descendants of somites coherently penetrate into the somatic mesoderm to form ribs. In regions other than the thoracic, descendants
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EGL-38/Pax coordinates development in the Caenhorhabditis elegans egg-laying system through EGF pathway dependent and independent functions. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-08-06 Allison M Webb Chasser,Ryan W Johnson,Helen M Chamberlin
Paired box (Pax) proteins function as regulators of coordinated development in organogenesis by controlling factors such as cell growth and differentiation necessary to organize multiple cell types into a single, cohesive organ. Previous work has suggested that Pax transcription factors may regulate diverse cell types through participation in inductive cell-to-cell signaling, which has not been well
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Long-label-retaining mammary epithelial cells are created early in ductal development and distributed throughout the branching ducts. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-07-20 Lauren E Ragle,Robert D Bruno,Corinne A Boulanger,Gilbert H Smith
Long-label retention has been used by many to prove Cairns' immortal strand hypothesis and to identify potential stem cells. Here, we describe two strategies using 5-ethynl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) to identify and understand the distribution of long-label-retaining mammary epithelial cells during formation of the mouse mammary ductal system. First, EdU was given upon two consecutive days per week during
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Use of in vitro electroporation and slice culture for gene function analysis in the mouse embryonic spinal cord. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-06-15 Shuanqing Li,Yunxiao Li,Han Li,Ciqing Yang,Juntang Lin
The spinal cord is an important part of the central nervous system (CNS). At present, the expression of the exogenous gene in the spinal cord of the embryonic mouse needs in utero spinal cord electroporation, but the success rate of this technique is very low. In this study, we have demonstrated the expression of an exogenous gene on one side of the spinal cord by combining two methods-in vitro electroporation
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Nicole Le Douarin and the use of quail-chick chimeras to study the developmental fate of neural crest and hematopoietic cells. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 Domenico Ribatti
The quail-chick chimera marking system, devised in 1969, gave a new impetus to the analysis of cell migrations and interactions in the developing nervous, immune and hematopoietic systems. The method is based on the observation that the constitutive heterochromatin in all embryonic and adult cells of the quail is condensed in one large mass in the centre of the nucleus and is associated with the nucleolus
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Single origin of the epithelium of the human middle ear. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-05-21 Huibert F van Waegeningh,Fenna A Ebbens,Erik van Spronsen,Roelof-Jan Oostra
OBJECTIVE The epithelium lining the human middle ear and adjacent temporal bone cavity shows a varying morphological appearance throughout these cavities. Its embryologic origin has long been debated and recently got attention in a newly proposed theory of a dual embryologic origin. The epithelial morphology and its differentiating capabilities are of significance in future mucosa-targeted therapeutic
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The microRNA-306/abrupt regulatory axis controls wing and haltere growth in Drosophila. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-05-18 Carolina J Simoes da Silva,Ismael Sospedra,Ricardo Aparicio,Ana Busturia
Growth control relies on extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate and coordinate the size and pattern of organisms. This control is crucial for a homeostatic development and healthy physiology. The gene networks acting in this process are large and complex: factors involved in growth control are also important in diverse biological processes and these networks include multiple regulators that
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The transcription factor Foxp1 regulates the differentiation and function of dendritic cells. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-05-08 Ziyi Guo,Yijie Tao,Shulei Yin,Yuping Song,Xiaomin Lu,Xuesong Li,Yujuan Fan,Xiaofang Fan,Sheng Xu,Jialin Yang,Yizhi Yu
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the immune system and play a critical role in initiating adaptive immune responses against pathogens. As the most powerful antigen presenting cells, DCs are also important in maintaining immune homeostasis and participating in the development of autoimmune diseases. How the maturation and function of DCs is regulated in these conditions and what is the function
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High temperature limits on developmental canalization in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-04-24 Steven Q Irvine,Katherine B McNulty,Evelyn M Siler,Rose E Jacobson
The normal embryogenesis of marine animals is typically confined to a species-specific range of temperatures. Within that temperature range development results in a consistent, or canalized, phenotype, whereas above and below the range abnormal phenotypes are produced. This study reveals a high temperature threshold, occurring over a 1-2 °C range, for normal embryonic development in C. intestinalis
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Zebrafish otolith biomineralization requires polyketide synthase. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-04-08 Kevin D Thiessen,Steven J Grzegorski,Yvonne Chin,Lisa N Higuchi,Christopher J Wilkinson,Jordan A Shavit,Kenneth L Kramer
Deflecting biomineralized crystals attached to vestibular hair cells are necessary for maintaining balance. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are useful organisms to study these biomineralized crystals called otoliths, as many required genes are homologous to human otoconial development. We sought to identify and characterize the causative gene in a trio of homozygous recessive mutants, no content (nco) and
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Prenatal catch-up growth: A study in avian embryos. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-04-03 Jacopo P Mortola
Whether the growth of embryos after a period of stunt becomes accelerated (Catch-Up Growth, CUGr), as it occurs postnatally, has rarely been examined experimentally in any class of animals. Here, hypoxia or cold of different degrees and durations caused growth retardation in chicken embryos during the first or second week of incubation. On average, on the day of removal of the growth-inhibition, the
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Developmental regulation of Wnt signaling by Nagk and the UDP-GlcNAc salvage pathway. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-03-25 Leif R Neitzel,Zachary T Spencer,Anmada Nayak,Christopher S Cselenyi,Hassina Benchabane,CheyAnne Q Youngblood,Alya Zouaoui,Victoria Ng,Leah Stephens,Trevor Hann,James G Patton,David Robbins,Yashi Ahmed,Ethan Lee
In a screen for human kinases that regulate Xenopus laevis embryogenesis, we identified Nagk and other components of the UDP-GlcNAc glycosylation salvage pathway as regulators of anteroposterior patterning and Wnt signaling. We find that the salvage pathway does not affect other major embryonic signaling pathways (Fgf, TGFβ, Notch, or Shh), thereby demonstrating specificity for Wnt signaling. We show
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Synchronization of Hes1 oscillations coordinates and refines condensation formation and patterning of the avian limb skeleton. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-03-15 Ramray Bhat,Tilmann Glimm,Marta Linde-Medina,Cheng Cui,Stuart A Newman
The tetrapod appendicular skeleton is initiated as spatially patterned mesenchymal condensations. The size and spacing of these condensations in avian limb buds are mediated by a reaction-diffusion-adhesion network consisting of galectins Gal-1A, Gal-8 and their cell surface receptors. In cell cultures, the appearance of condensations is synchronized across distances greater than the characteristic
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Hemodynamic force is required for vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment to blood vessels during mouse embryonic development. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-02-24 Rachel L Padget,Shilpa S Mohite,Tanner G Hoog,Blake S Justis,Bruce E Green,Ryan S Udan
Blood vessel maturation, which is characterized by the investment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around developing blood vessels, begins when vessels remodel into a hierarchy of proximal arteries and proximal veins that branch into smaller distal capillaries. The ultimate result of maturation is formation of the tunica media-the middlemost layer of a vessel that is composed of vSMCs and acts
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Detecting coevolution of positively selected in turtles sperm-egg fusion proteins. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-02-23 Jinxiu Dong,Hui Jiang,Lei Xiong,Jiawei Zan,Jianjun Liu,Mengli Yang,Kai Zheng,Ziming Wang,Liuwang Nie
Physically interacting sperm-egg proteins have been identified using gene-modified animals in some mammal species. Three proteins are essential for sperm-egg binding: Izumo1 on the sperm surface, and JUNO and CD9 on the egg surface. Most proteins linked to reproductive function evolve rapidly among species by positive selection, and have correlated evolutionary rates to compensate for changes on both
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Xenopus slc7a5 is essential for notochord function and eye development. Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2019-01-10 Tomohisa Katada,Hiroyuki Sakurai
slc7a5 (also known as LAT1), largely accepted as an amino acid transporter, has been shown to play important roles in cancer and developmental processes. Because knockout mice of Slc7a5 are embryonically lethal due to placental defects, it is difficult to evaluate its role in early development. In this study, expression and function of slc7a5 were evaluated in Xenopus laevis embryos that develop without
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MoD Special issue on "Developmental Biology in Latin America". Mech. Develop. (IF 2.126) Pub Date : 2018-12-12 Juan R Riesgo-Escovar,Roberto Mayor,Pablo Wappner,Irene Yan
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.