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Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Cecilia A. Sánchez, Kendra L. Phelps, Hannah K. Frank, Marike Geldenhuys, Megan E. Griffiths, Devin N. Jones, Gwenddolen Kettenburg, Tamika J. Lunn, Kelsey R. Moreno, Marinda Mortlock, Amanda Vicente-Santos, Luis R. Víquez-R, Rebekah C. Kading, Wanda Markotter, DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kevin J. Olival
Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological
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Behavioural consequences of intraspecific variability in a mate recognition signal Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Maximilian Steurer, Joachim Ruther, Tamara Pokorny
Mate recognition is paramount for sexually reproducing animals, and many insects rely on cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) for close-range sexual communication. To ensure reliable mate recognition, intraspecific sex pheromone variability should be low. However, CHCs can be influenced by several factors, with the resulting variability potentially impacting sexual communication. While intraspecific CHC variability
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Energy input, habitat heterogeneity and host specificity drive avian haemosporidian diversity at continental scales Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Oscar Darío Hernandes Córdoba, Erik Joaquín Torres-Romero, Fabricio Villalobos, Leonardo Chapa-Vargas, Diego Santiago-Alarcon
The correct identification of variables affecting parasite diversity and assemblage composition at different spatial scales is crucial for understanding how pathogen distribution responds to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Here, we used a database of avian haemosporidian parasites to test how the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure of the genera Plasmodium
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Predators control pests and increase yield across crop types and climates: a meta-analysis Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Gabriel X. Boldorini, Matthew A. Mccary, Gustavo Q. Romero, Kirby L. Mills, Nathan J. Sanders, Peter B. Reich, Radek Michalko, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
Pesticides have well-documented negative consequences to control crop pests, and natural predators are alternatives and can provide an ecosystem service as biological control agents. However, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding whether such biological control can be a widely applicable solution, especially given ongoing climatic variation and climate change. Here, we performed a meta-analysis
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Early-acting inbreeding depression can evolve as an inbreeding avoidance mechanism Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Yaniv Brandvain, Lia Thomson, Tanja Pyhäjärvi
Despite the potential for mechanical, developmental and/or chemical mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization, incidental self-fertilization is inevitable in many predominantly outcrossing species. In such cases, inbreeding can compromise individual fitness. Unquestionably, much of this inbreeding depression is maladaptive. However, we show that when reproductive compensation allows for the replacement
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Integration of genomic and ecological methods inform management of an undescribed, yet highly exploited, sardine species Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho, Liana de Figueiredo Mendes, Fabio Di Dario, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho, Ricardo Marques Dias, Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima, Julia Tovar Verba, Ricardo J. Pereira
Assessing genetic diversity within species is key for conservation strategies in the context of human-induced biotic changes. This is important in marine systems, where many species remain undescribed while being overfished, and conflicts between resource-users and conservation agencies are common. Combining niche modelling with population genomics can contribute to resolving those conflicts by identifying
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Leveraging big data to uncover the eco-evolutionary factors shaping behavioural development Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Sean M. Ehlman, Ulrike Scherer, David Bierbach, Fritz Francisco, Kate L. Laskowski, Jens Krause, Max Wolf
Mapping the eco-evolutionary factors shaping the development of animals’ behavioural phenotypes remains a great challenge. Recent advances in ‘big behavioural data’ research—the high-resolution tracking of individuals and the harnessing of that data with powerful analytical tools—have vastly improved our ability to measure and model developing behavioural phenotypes. Applied to the study of behavioural
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Who will name new plant species? Temporal change in the origins of taxonomists in China Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Jiajia Liu, Xiaofeng Jin, Shenhao Yao, Yuan Wang, Yifei Lu, Qianyu Chen, Chuping Wu, Ferry Slik, David Lindenmayer
Discovery rates of new plant species need to be accelerated because many species will be extinct before they are formally described. Current studies have focused on where new species may occur and their characteristics. However, who will actually discover and describe these new species has received limited attention. Here, we used 31 576 vascular plant species distributed and described in China as
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By a whisker: the sensory role of vibrissae in hovering flight in nectarivorous bats Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Eran Amichai, David B. Boerma, Rachel A. Page, Sharon M. Swartz, Hannah M. ter Hofstede
Whiskers are important tactile structures widely used across mammals for a variety of sensory functions, but it is not known how bats—representing about a fifth of all extant mammal species—use them. Nectar-eating bats typically have long vibrissae (long, stiff hairs) arranged in a forward-facing brush-like formation that is not present in most non-nectarivorous bats. They also commonly use a unique
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Local infectious disease experience influences vaccine refusal rates: a natural experiment Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Gillian Stewart, Rebecca Mancy
Vaccination has been critical to the decline in infectious disease prevalence in recent centuries. Nonetheless, vaccine refusal has increased in recent years, with complacency associated with reductions in disease prevalence highlighted as an important contributor. We exploit a natural experiment in Glasgow at the beginning of the twentieth century to investigate whether prior local experience of an
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A 17-year time-series of fungal environmental DNA from a coastal marine ecosystem reveals long-term seasonal-scale and inter-annual diversity patterns Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Nathan Chrismas, Ro Allen, Michael J. Allen, Kimberley Bird, Michael Cunliffe
Changing patterns in diversity are a feature of many habitats, with seasonality a major driver of ecosystem structure and function. In coastal marine plankton-based ecosystems, seasonality has been established through long-term time-series of bacterioplankton and protists. Alongside these groups, fungi also inhabit coastal marine ecosystems. If and how marine fungi show long-term intra- and inter-annual
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Discrepancies between the drivers of alpha and beta plant diversity in arable field margins Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Sébastien Boinot, Audrey Alignier
Field margins are major habitats for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning in agricultural landscapes, but biotic homogenization of plant communities threatens their ecological and agronomic functions. Our objective is to determine the drivers of plant diversity in field margins for conservation and restoration purposes. To do so, we assessed the effects of field margin structure and
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Temperature and nutrients drive eco-phenotypic dynamics in a microbial food web Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Ze-Yi Han, Daniel J. Wieczynski, Andrea Yammine, Jean P. Gibert
Anthropogenic increases in temperature and nutrient loads will likely impact food web structure and stability. Although their independent effects have been reasonably well studied, their joint effects—particularly on coupled ecological and phenotypic dynamics—remain poorly understood. Here we experimentally manipulated temperature and nutrient levels in microbial food webs and used time-series analysis
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What is a mammalian omnivore? Insights into terrestrial mammalian diet diversity, body mass and evolution Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Dana M. Reuter, Samantha S. B. Hopkins, Samantha A. Price
Mammalian omnivores are a broad group of species that are often treated uniformly in ecological studies. Here, we incorporate omnivorous dietary differences to investigate previously found mammalian macroevolutionary and macroecological trends. We investigate the frequency with which vertebrate prey, invertebrate prey, fibrous plant material and non-fibrous plant material co-occur in the diets of terrestrial
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Distinct developmental mechanisms influence sexual dimorphisms in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Josefine Just, Mara Laslo, Ye Jin Lee, Michael Yarnell, Zhuofan Zhang, David R. Angelini
Sexual dimorphism is common in animals. The most complete model of sex determination comes from Drosophila melanogaster, where the relative dosage of autosomes and X chromosomes leads indirectly to sex-specific transcripts of doublesex (dsx). Female Dsx interacts with a mediator complex protein encoded by intersex (ix) to activate female development. In males, the transcription factor encoded by fruitless
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The role of consciously timed movements in shaping and improving auditory timing Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Rose De Kock, Weiwei Zhou, Poorvi Datta, Wilsaan Mychal Joiner, Martin Wiener
Our subjective sense of time is intertwined with a plethora of perceptual, cognitive and motor functions, and likewise, the brain is equipped to expertly filter, weight and combine these signals for seamless interactions with a dynamic world. Until relatively recently, the literature on time perception has excluded the influence of simultaneous motor activity, yet it has been found that motor circuits
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Convergent evolution of quadrupedality in ornithischian dinosaurs was achieved through disparate forelimb muscle mechanics Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Matthew Dempsey, Susannah C. R. Maidment, Brandon P. Hedrick, Karl T. Bates
The secondary evolution of quadrupedality from bipedal ancestry is a rare evolutionary transition in tetrapods yet occurred convergently at least three times within ornithischian dinosaurs. Despite convergently evolving quadrupedal gait, ornithischians exhibited variable anatomy, particularly in the forelimbs, which underwent a major functional change from assisting in foraging and feeding in bipeds
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The Cambrian cirratuliform Iotuba denotes an early annelid radiation Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 ZhiFei Zhang, Martin R. Smith, XinYi Ren
The principal animal lineages (phyla) diverged in the Cambrian, but most diversity at lower taxonomic ranks arose more gradually over the subsequent 500 Myr. Annelid worms seem to exemplify this pattern, based on molecular analyses and the fossil record: Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits host a single, early-diverging crown-group annelid alongside a morphologically and taxonomically conservative
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Direct evidence of increased natural mortality of a wild fish caused by parasite spillback from domestic conspecifics Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Knut Wiik Vollset, Robert J. Lennox, Helge Skoglund, Ørjan Karlsen, Eirik Straume Normann, Tore Wiers, Elisabeth Stöger, Bjørn T. Barlaup
Parasite spillback from domestic animals can distort the balance between host and parasites in surrounding wildlife, with potential detrimental effects on wild populations. In aquatic environments, parasite spillback from aquaculture to wild salmon is one of the most contentious sustainability debates. In a 19 year time series of release group studies of Atlantic salmon, we demonstrated that (i) the
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Ants act as olfactory bio-detectors of tumours in patient-derived xenograft mice Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Baptiste Piqueret, Élodie Montaudon, Paul Devienne, Chloé Leroy, Elisabetta Marangoni, Jean-Christophe Sandoz, Patrizia d'Ettorre
Early detection of cancer is critical in medical sciences, as the sooner a cancer is diagnosed, the higher are the chances of recovery. Tumour cells are characterized by specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be used as cancer biomarkers. Through olfactory associative learning, animals can be trained to detect these VOCs. Insects such as ants have a refined sense of smell, and can be easily
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Trophic strategies explain the ocean niches of small eukaryotic phytoplankton Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Kyle F. Edwards, Qian Li, Kelsey A. McBeain, Christopher R. Schvarcz, Grieg F. Steward
A large fraction of marine primary production is performed by diverse small protists, and many of these phytoplankton are phagotrophic mixotrophs that vary widely in their capacity to consume bacterial prey. Prior analyses suggest that mixotrophic protists as a group vary in importance across ocean environments, but the mechanisms leading to broad functional diversity among mixotrophs, and the biogeochemical
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Genetic evidence for widespread population size expansion in North American boreal birds prior to the Last Glacial Maximum Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Abigail A. Kimmitt, Teresa M. Pegan, Andrew W. Jones, Kristen S. Wacker, Courtney L. Brennan, Jocelyn Hudon, Jeremy J. Kirchman, Kristen Ruegg, Brett W. Benz, Rachael Herman, Benjamin M. Winger
Pleistocene climate cycles are well documented to have shaped contemporary species distributions and genetic diversity. Northward range expansions in response to deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; approximately 21 000 years ago) are surmised to have led to population size expansions in terrestrial taxa and changes in seasonal migratory behaviour. Recent findings, however, suggest
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The evolution of age-specific resistance to infectious disease Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Lydia J. Buckingham, Emily L. Bruns, Ben Ashby
Innate, infection-preventing resistance often varies between host life stages. Juveniles are more resistant than adults in some species, whereas the opposite pattern is true in others. This variation cannot always be explained by prior exposure or physiological constraints and so it has been hypothesized that trade-offs with other life-history traits may be involved. However, little is known about
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Unwilling or unable? Using three-dimensional tracking to evaluate dogs' reactions to differing human intentions Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Christoph J. Völter, Lucrezia Lonardo, Maud G. G. M. Steinmann, Carolina Frizzo Ramos, Karoline Gerwisch, Monique-Theres Schranz, Iris Dobernig, Ludwig Huber
The extent to which dogs (Canis familiaris) as a domesticated species understand human intentions is still a matter of debate. The unwilling–unable paradigm has been developed to examine whether nonhuman animals are sensitive to intentions underlying human actions. In this paradigm, subjects tended to wait longer in the testing area when presented with a human that appeared willing but unable to transfer
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Chimpanzees communicate to coordinate a cultural practice Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Zoë Goldsborough, Anne Marijke Schel, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen
Human culture thrives by virtue of communication, yet whether communication plays an influential role in the cultural lives of other animals remains understudied. Here, we investigated whether chimpanzees use communication to engage in a cultural practice by analysing grooming handclasp (GHC) interactions—a socio-cultural behaviour requiring interindividual coordination for successful execution. Previous
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The shifting shelf task: a new, non-verbal measure for attentional set shifting Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 E. Reindl, C. J. Völter, Z. Civelek, L. Duncan, Z. Lugosi, E. Felsche, E. Herrmann, J. Call, A. M. Seed
Attentional set shifting is a core ingredient of cognition, allowing for fast adaptation to changes in the environment. How this skill compares between humans and other primates is not well known. We examined performance of 3- to 5-year-old children and chimpanzees on a new attentional set shifting task. We presented participants with two shelves holding the same set of four boxes. To choose the correct
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The island biogeography of human population size Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Fabio Mologni, Kevin C. Burns
For decades, biogeographers have sought a better understanding of how organisms are distributed among islands. However, the island biogeography of humans remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how human population size varies among 486 islands at two spatial scales. At a global scale, we tested whether population size increases with island area and declines with island elevation and nearest
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DNA methylation dynamics in a coastal foundation seagrass species under abiotic stressors Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Jessica Pazzaglia, Emanuela Dattolo, Miriam Ruocco, Alex Santillán-Sarmiento, Lazaro Marin-Guirao, Gabriele Procaccini
DNA methylation (DNAm) has been intensively studied in terrestrial plants in response to environmental changes, but its dynamic changes in a temporal scale remain unexplored in marine plants. The seagrass Posidonia oceanica ranks among the slowest-growing and longest-living plants on Earth, and is particularly vulnerable to sea warming and local anthropogenic pressures. Here, we analysed the dynamics
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Strong host phylogenetic and ecological effects on host competency for avian influenza in Australian wild birds Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Michelle Wille, Simeon Lisovski, David Roshier, Marta Ferenczi, Bethany J. Hoye, Trent Leen, Simone Warner, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Aeron C. Hurt, Edward C. Holmes, Marcel Klaassen
Host susceptibility to parasites is mediated by intrinsic and external factors such as genetics, ecology, age and season. While waterfowl are considered central to the reservoir community for low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (LPAIV), the role of host phylogeny has received limited formal attention. Herein, we analysed 12 339 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and 10 826 serum samples collected
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Diagnosis of helminths depends on worm fecundity and the distribution of parasites within hosts Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Thomas Crellen, Melissa Haswell, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Somphou Sayasone, Peter Odermatt, Poppy H. L. Lamberton, Simon E. F. Spencer, T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
Helminth transmission and morbidity are dependent on the number of mature parasites within a host; however, observing adult worms is impossible for many natural infections. An outstanding challenge is therefore relating routine diagnostics, such as faecal egg counts, to the underlying worm burden. This relationship is complicated by density-dependent fecundity (egg output per worm reduces due to crowding
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Mutations in coral soma and sperm imply lifelong stem cell renewal and cell lineage selection Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Elora H. López-Nandam, Rebecca Albright, Erik A. Hanson, Elizabeth A. Sheets, Stephen R. Palumbi
In many animals, the germline differentiates early in embryogenesis, so only mutations that accumulate in germ cells are inherited by offspring. Exceptions to this developmental process may indicate other mechanisms have evolved to limit the effects of deleterious mutation accumulation. Stony corals are animals that can live for hundreds of years and have been thought to produce gametes from somatic
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Macroevolution of protective coloration across caterpillars reflects relationships with host plants Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Moria L. Robinson, Marjorie G. Weber, Micah G. Freedman, Evan Jordan, Sarah R. Ashlock, Jenna Yonenaga, Sharon Y. Strauss
A critical function of animal coloration is avoiding attack, either by warning predators or reducing detectability. Evolution of these divergent strategies may depend on prey palatability and apparency to predators: conspicuous coloration may be favoured if species are distasteful, or habitats make hiding difficult; by contrast, camouflage may be effective if prey lack defences or environments are
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The price of defence: toxins, visual signals and oxidative state in an aposematic butterfly Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Jonathan D. Blount, Hannah M. Rowland, Christopher Mitchell, Michael P. Speed, Graeme D. Ruxton, John A. Endler, Lincoln P. Brower
In a variety of aposematic species, the conspicuousness of an individual's warning signal and the quantity of its chemical defence are positively correlated. This apparent honest signalling is predicted by resource competition models which assume that the production and maintenance of aposematic defences compete for access to antioxidant molecules that have dual functions as pigments and in protecting
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Group reciprocity and the evolution of stereotyping Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Alexander J. Stewart, Nichola Raihani
Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about groups of people, which are used to make decisions and judgements about them. Although such heuristics can be useful when decisions must be made quickly, or when information is lacking, they can also serve as the basis for prejudice and discrimination. In this paper, we study the evolution of stereotypes through group reciprocity. We characterize the warmth
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Quantitative genetic-by-soil microbiome interactions in a perennial grass affect functional traits Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Albina Khasanova, Joseph Edwards, Jason Bonnette, Esther Singer, Taslima Haque, Thomas E. Juenger
Plants interact with diverse microbiomes that can impact plant growth and performance. Recent studies highlight the potential beneficial aspects of plant microbiomes, including the possibility that microbes facilitate the process of local adaptation in their host plants. Microbially mediated local adaptation in plants occurs when local host genotypes have higher fitness than foreign genotypes because
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Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Sarah Rühmkorff, Fabian Wolf, Jahangir Vajedsamiei, Francisco Rafael Barboza, Claas Hiebenthal, Christian Pansch
Climate change increases the frequency and intensifies the magnitude and duration of extreme events in the sea, particularly so in coastal habitats. However, the interplay of multiple extremes and the consequences for species and ecosystems remain unknown. We experimentally tested the impacts of summer heatwaves of differing intensities and durations, and a subsequent upwelling event on a temperate
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Directional fabrication and dissolution of larval and juvenile oyster shells under ocean acidification Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Kanmani Chandra Rajan, Yang Li, Xin Dang, Yong Kian Lim, Michio Suzuki, Seung Woo Lee, Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
Biomineralization is one of the key biochemical processes in calcifying bivalve species such as oysters that is affected by ocean acidification (OA). Larval life stages of oysters are made of aragonite crystals whereas the adults are made of calcite and/or aragonite. Though both calcite and aragonite are crystal polymorphs of calcium carbonate, they have different mechanical properties and hence it
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Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 Itay Bleichman, Pratibha Yadav, Amir Ayali
Collectively moving groups of animals rely on the decision-making of locally interacting individuals in order to maintain swarm cohesion. However, the complex and noisy visual environment poses a major challenge to the extraction and processing of relevant information. We addressed this challenge by studying swarming-related decision-making in desert locust last-instar nymphs. Controlled visual stimuli
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Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 John F. Hoffecker, Scott A. Elias, G. Richard Scott, Dennis H. O'Rourke, Leslea J. Hlusko, Olga Potapova, Vladimir Pitulko, Elena Pavlova, Lauriane Bourgeon, Richard S. Vachula
Did Beringian environments represent an ecological barrier to humans until less than 15 000 years ago or was access to the Americas controlled by the spatial–temporal distribution of North American ice sheets? Beringian environments varied with respect to climate and biota, especially in the two major areas of exposed continental shelf. The East Siberian Arctic Shelf (‘Great Arctic Plain’ (GAP)) supported
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Are weak dispersers more vulnerable than strong dispersers to land use intensification? Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Amanda E. Martin, Jessica K. Lockhart, Lenore Fahrig
Ecologists often state that weak dispersers are particularly at risk from land use intensification, and that they therefore should be prioritized for conservation. We reviewed the empirical evidence, to evaluate whether this idea should be used as a general rule in conservation. While 89% of authors predicted that weak dispersers are more vulnerable to land use intensification (80 out of 90 papers)
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Theoretical studies of diverse sexual patterns in marine animals Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Yoh Iwasa, Sachi Yamaguchi
Marine animals show diverse and flexible sexual systems. Here, we review several advancements of theoretical studies made in the last decade. (i) Sex change in coral fishes is often accompanied by a long break in reproductive activity. The delay can be shortened by retaining the inactive gonad for the opposite sex. (ii) Barnacles adopt diverse sexual patterns. The game model was analysed assuming that
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Landscape-scale forest cover drives the predictability of forest regeneration across the Neotropics Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Kátia F. Rito, Michelle Farfán, Iván C. Navía, Francisco Mora, Felipe Arreola-Villa, Patricia Balvanera, Frans Bongers, Carolina Castellanos-Castro, Eduardo L. M. Catharino, Robin L. Chazdon, Juan M. Dupuy-Rada, Bruce G. Ferguson, Paul F. Foster, Noel González-Valdivia, Daniel M. Griffith, José L. Hernández-Stefanoni, Catarina C. Jakovac, André B. Junqueira, Bernardus H. J
Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion of secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory and recovery rate, which are expected to depend on landscape-scale forest cover in nonlinear ways. Using a multi-scale approach and a large vegetation
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Drivers and facilitators of the illegal killing of elephants across 64 African sites Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Timothy Kuiper, Res Altwegg, Colin Beale, Thea Carroll, Holly T. Dublin, Severin Hauenstein, Mrigesh Kshatriya, Carl Schwarz, Chris R. Thouless, Andrew Royle, E.J. Milner-Gulland
Ivory poaching continues to threaten African elephants. We (1) used criminology theory and literature evidence to generate hypotheses about factors that may drive, facilitate or motivate poaching, (2) identified datasets representing these factors, and (3) tested those factors with strong hypotheses and sufficient data quality for empirical associations with poaching. We advance on previous analyses
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Highly conserved thermal performance strategies may limit adaptive potential in corals Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Mariana Álvarez-Noriega, Isabella Marrable, Sam H. C. Noonan, Diego R. Barneche, Juan C. Ortiz
Increasing seawater temperatures are expected to have profound consequences for reef-building corals' physiology. Understanding how demography changes in response to chronic exposure to warming will help forecast how coral communities will respond to climate change. Here, we measure growth rates of coral fragments of four common species, while exposing them to temperatures ranging from 19°C to 31°C
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Benefits of living closer to kin vary by genealogical relationship in a territorial mammal Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Sam F. Walmsley, Stan Boutin, Ben Dantzer, Jeffrey E. Lane, David W. Coltman, Andrew G. McAdam
While cooperative interactions among kin are a key building block in the societies of group-living species, their importance for species with more variable social environments is unclear. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) defend individual territories in dynamic neighbourhoods and are known to benefit from living among familiar conspecifics, but not relatives. However, kin-directed
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Neuromodulation and differential learning across mosquito species Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Gabriella H. Wolff, Chloé Lahondère, Clément Vinauger, Elizabeth Rylance, Jeffrey A. Riffell
Mosquitoes can change their feeding behaviours based on past experiences, such as shifting from biting animals to biting humans or avoiding defensive hosts (Wolff & Riffell 2018 J. Exp. Biol.221, jeb157131. (doi:10.1242/jeb.157131)). Dopamine is a critical neuromodulator for insects, allowing flexibility in their feeding preferences, but its role in the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL)
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Cellular mechanisms underlying extraordinary sulfide tolerance in a crustacean holobiont from hydrothermal vents Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Pei-Hsuan Chou, Marian Y. Hu, Ying-Jey Guh, Guan-Chung Wu, Shan-Hua Yang, Kshitij Tandon, Yi-Ta Shao, Li-Yih Lin, Chi Chen, Kuang-Yu Tseng, Min-Chen Wang, Cheng-Mao Zhang, Bor-Cheng Han, Ching-Chun Lin, Sen-Lin Tang, Ming-Shiou Jeng, Ching-Fong Chang, Yung-Che Tseng
The shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island has been described as one of the world's most acidic and sulfide-rich marine habitats. The only recorded metazoan species living in the direct vicinity of the vents is Xenograpsus testudinatus, a brachyuran crab endemic to marine sulfide-rich vent systems. Despite the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide, X. testudinatus occupies an ecological niche
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Phenological mismatches and the demography of solitary bees Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Diego P. Vázquez, Nydia Vitale, Jimena Dorado, Georgina Amico, Erica L. Stevani
Species respond idiosyncratically to environmental variation, which may generate phenological mismatches. We assess the consequences of such mismatches for solitary bees. During 9 years, we studied flowering phenology and nesting phenology and demography of five wood-nesting solitary bee species representing a broad gradient of specialization/generalization in the use of floral resources. We found
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Current and lagged climate affects phenology across diverse taxonomic groups Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Rebecca M. Prather, Rebecca M. Dalton, billy barr, Daniel T. Blumstein, Carol L. Boggs, Alison K. Brody, David W. Inouye, Rebecca E. Irwin, Julien G. A. Martin, Rosemary J. Smith, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Caitlin P. Wells, Howard H. Whiteman, Brian D. Inouye, Nora Underwood
The timing of life events (phenology) can be influenced by climate. Studies from around the world tell us that climate cues and species' responses can vary greatly. If variation in climate effects on phenology is strong within a single ecosystem, climate change could lead to ecological disruption, but detailed data from diverse taxa within a single ecosystem are rare. We collated first sighting and
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Ecological impacts of unsustainable sand mining: urgent lessons learned from a critically endangered freshwater cetacean Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Yi Han, Wenjing Xu, Jiajia Liu, Xinqiao Zhang, Kexiong Wang, Ding Wang, Zhigang Mei
Sand mining, which has tripled in the last two decades, is an emerging concern for global biodiversity. However, the paucity of sand mining data worldwide prevents understanding the extent of sand mining impacts and how it affects wildlife populations and ecosystems, which is critical for timely mitigation and conservation actions. Integrating remote sensing and field surveys over 14 years, we investigated
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Tropicalization shifts herbivore pressure from seagrass to rocky reef communities Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Julia Santana-Garcon, Scott Bennett, Núria Marbà, Adriana Vergés, Rohan Arthur, Teresa Alcoverro
Climate-driven species redistributions are reshuffling the composition of marine ecosystems. How these changes alter ecosystem functions, however, remains poorly understood. Here we examine how impacts of herbivory change across a gradient of tropicalization in the Mediterranean Sea, which includes a steep climatic gradient and marked changes in plant nutritional quality and fish herbivore composition
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Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: fast life-history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Diego P. F. Trindade, Carlos P. Carmona, Triin Reitalu, Meelis Pärtel
Global change drivers (e.g. climate and land use) affect the species and functional traits observed in a local site but also its dark diversity—the set of species and traits locally suitable but absent. Dark diversity links regional and local scales and, over time, reveals taxa under expansion lags by depicting the potential biodiversity that remains suitable but is absent locally. Since global change
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Inter-annual facilitation via pollinator support arises with species-specific germination rates in a model of plant–pollinator communities Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Aubrie R. M. James
Facilitation is likely important for understanding community diversity dynamics, but its myriad potential mechanisms are under-investigated. Studies of pollinator-mediated facilitation in plants, for example, are typically focused on how co-flowering species facilitate each other's pollination within a season. However, pollinator-mediated facilitation could also arise in the form of inter-annual pollination
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Mutualistic coevolution and community diversity favour persistence in metacommunities under environmental changes Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Leandro G. Cosmo, Lilian P. Sales, Paulo R. GuimarãesJr, Mathias M. Pires
Linking local to regional ecological and evolutionary processes is key to understand the response of Earth's biodiversity to environmental changes. Here we integrate evolution and mutualistic coevolution in a model of metacommunity dynamics and use numerical simulations to understand how coevolution can shape species distribution and persistence in landscapes varying in space and time. Our simulations
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Functional and phylogenetic relationships link predators to plant diversity via trophic and non-trophic pathways Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Jing-Ting Chen, Ming-Qiang Wang, Yi Li, Douglas Chesters, Arong Luo, Wei Zhang, Peng-Fei Guo, Shi-Kun Guo, Qing-Song Zhou, Ke-Ping Ma, Goddert von Oheimb, Matthias Kunz, Nai-Li Zhang, Xiao-Juan Liu, Helge Bruelheide, Andreas Schuldt, Chao-Dong Zhu
Human-induced biodiversity loss negatively affects ecosystem function, but the interactive effects of biodiversity change across trophic levels remain insufficiently understood. We sampled arboreal spiders and lepidopteran larvae across seasons in 2 years in a subtropical tree diversity experiment, and then disentangled the links between tree diversity and arthropod predator diversity by deconstructing
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Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals Wolbachia-mediated modification in early stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Weihao Dou, Baofa Sun, Yunheng Miao, Dawei Huang, Jinhua Xiao
Wolbachia are the most widely distributed intracellular bacteria, and their most common effect on host phenotype is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). A variety of models have been proposed to decipher the molecular mechanism of CI, among which the host modification (HM) model predicts that Wolbachia effectors play an important role in sperm modification. However, owing to the complexity of spermatogenesis
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Rapid evolution of unimodal but not of linear thermal performance curves in Daphnia magna Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Ying-Jie Wang, Nedim Tüzün, Luc De Meester, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Arnaud Sentis, Robby Stoks
Species may cope with warming through both rapid evolutionary and plastic responses. While thermal performance curves (TPCs), reflecting thermal plasticity, are considered powerful tools to understand the impact of warming on ectotherms, their rapid evolution has been rarely studied for multiple traits. We capitalized on a 2-year experimental evolution trial in outdoor mesocosms that were kept at ambient
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Diversification dynamics in Caribbean rain frogs (Eleutherodactylus) are uncoupled from the anuran community and consistent with adaptive radiation Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Dante Jiménez-Ortega, Luis Valente, Álvaro Dugo-Cota, Daniel L. Rabosky, Carles Vilà, Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer
Adaptive radiation is proposed to play a key role in generating differences in species richness among lineages and geographical regions. Due to the importance of ecological divergence in adaptive radiation, species richness is predicted to be influenced by equilibrium diversity dynamics, although the concept continues to generate much debate. An additional important question is whether radiating clades
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Timing of organogenesis underscores the evolution of neonatal life histories and powered flight in bats Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Taro Nojiri, Ingmar Werneburg, Vuong Tan Tu, Dai Fukui, Masaki Takechi, Sachiko Iseki, Toshiko Furutera, Daisuke Koyabu
Bats have undergone one of the most drastic limb innovations in vertebrate history, associated with the evolution of powered flight. Knowledge of the genetic basis of limb organogenesis in bats has increased but little has been documented regarding the differences between limb organogenesis in bats and that of other vertebrates. We conducted embryological comparisons of the timelines of limb organogenesis
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Isochrony and rhythmic interaction in ape duetting Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. (IF 4.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Teresa Raimondi, Giovanni Di Panfilo, Matteo Pasquali, Martina Zarantonello, Livio Favaro, Tommaso Savini, Marco Gamba, Andrea Ravignani
How did rhythm originate in humans, and other species? One cross-cultural universal, frequently found in human music, is isochrony: when note onsets repeat regularly like the ticking of a clock. Another universal consists in synchrony (e.g. when individuals coordinate their notes so that they are sung at the same time). An approach to biomusicology focuses on similarities and differences across species