ABSTRACT Recent publications by Wehi and colleagues assert that Māori or other Polynesians in the pre-European era voyaged to and from the Antarctic. Such ideas have been advanced for more than a century, largely in relation to Rarotongan traditions translated by Percy Smith. As the juxtaposition of unexamined Polynesian traditions with historical archives is problematic for both historiography and

ABSTRACT This short paper shows that Rutherford first discussed in 1906, when he was at McGill, the possibility of determining the structure of the atom by measuring the diffusion of alpha particles in an experiment used to measure the retardation of alpha particles when passing through matter. The famous experiments of Geiger and Marsden that led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Rutherford

ABSTRACT Against a backdrop of increasing pollen allergy prevalence, this paper reviews the current state of knowledge of allergenic pollen loading in New Zealand. An unavoidable conclusion is that relevant available datasets are fragmentary, incomplete and out-of-date, with the last nationwide survey conducted >30 years ago. In contrast, many other developed regions continue to provide routine, standardised

ABSTRACT Rutherford developed his revolutionary model of the atom based on experiments using helium nuclei scattered by a thin gold foil. In this paper, we review the measurements of the size of the helium nucleus, focusing on spectroscopic techniques. We touch on the ‘proton radius puzzle’ that has incited a great deal of interest in high-resolution spectroscopy of the most fundamental atoms. We find

ABSTRACT The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature. This paper begins to fill this gap. Our exploration of Māori connections to Antarctica details first voyagers through to involvement in recent science projects, as well as representations of mātauranga in carving and weaving. This exploration begins

ABSTRACT When Ernest Rutherford left New Zealand in 1895, he was a highly skilled researcher with three degrees from the University of New Zealand and with two years of research at the forefront of the electrical technology of the day. The fourth child and second son of a family of 12, of whom three of his younger brothers died young, he had a standard rural upbringing. Both parents supported his education

ABSTRACT We provide a critical review of mindfulness research, focusing on three core areas and questions. First, a meta-review and bibliometric analysis on mindfulness research trends identified a large number of meta-analyses published in the last 20 years, which tend to show positive effects on average, despite continuing questions on research quality, unclear pathways and uncertainty about the

(2021). COVID-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Vol. 51, HE ĀPITI SUPPLEMENT: COVID-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand, pp. S1-S3.

ABSTRACT International epidemiological data have emphasised that COVID-19 poses a particular threat to older adults. As media coverage plays an important, direct role in shaping official responses to unfolding crisis situations, the aim of this paper was to analyse the portrayal of older people and COVID-19 by mainstream New Zealand news media. We undertook a qualitative document analysis (QDA) of

ABSTRACT Public health lessons from one pandemic become the planning assumptions for the next one. Aotearoa New Zealand’s 2017 pandemic plan was derived from past experience of influenza. When Covid-19 emerged as a major global health threat, it took time for the realisation to crystallise that this infection was so different from influenza that it required a completely new pandemic response strategy

ABSTRACT The global pandemic needs to mark a turning point for the peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. How can we make sure that our culturally diverse nation charts an equitable and sustainable path through and beyond this new world? In a less affluent future, how can we ensure that all New Zealanders have fair access to opportunities? One challenge is to preserve the sense of common purpose so critical

ABSTRACT COVID-19 can affect the entire population, but it poses an increased risk for particular population groups. Socioeconomic and demographic factors, as well as long-term health conditions, can make populations vulnerable to adverse health outcomes and mortality related to COVID-19. This study uses geospatial methods to visualise metrics of vulnerability to COVID-19 in New Zealand. Based on Ministry

ABSTRACT In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the New Zealand government has acted to restrict individual freedoms. The legality of the government’s actions has been the subject of public attention and litigation in the courts. In this article, we take a theoretical view of the question of legality in times of emergency. We characterise the challenges that emergencies pose to the ordinary legal constraints

ABSTRACT The use of information technology during the COVID-19 pandemic raises significant questions around the protection of personal data in a disaster. This paper considers how the clear benefits of using and sharing such data in disaster scenarios can be achieved while recognising an individual’s right to privacy through examining the experiences of Taiwan and New Zealand. These states represent

(2021). Ka rere ngā mea katoa – everything flows. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Vol. 51, Special issue: Fluids in New Zealand. Guest Editors Mathieu Sellier, Fabien Montiel and Geoff Willmott, pp. 187-193.

ABSTRACT In this work, the flow conditions are numerically investigated inside uniform and non-uniform street canyons well within the atmospheric boundary layer. The numerical simulations use the steady-RANS method with the near-wall modelling approach to simulate wall roughness at the boundary. With the aim of investigating both flow structure in broad terms and pedestrian comfort in the street canyon

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the insufficiently investigated subject of the perception of Ernest Rutherford in Russia. It also examines Rutherford’s impact, both as a scientist and as an outstanding New Zealander, on matters of freedom of science in Imperial Russia and in the early Soviet Union and on human factors during times of social stress and repression. The examples given are drawn from

ABSTRACT Dissipative Kerr cavity solitons are pulses of light that can persist in coherently driven nonlinear optical resonators. They have attracted significant attention over the past decade due to their rich nonlinear dynamics and key role in the generation of coherent microresonator optical frequency combs. Whilst the vast majority of implementations have relied on homogeneous continuous wave driving

ABSTRACT This manuscript outlines current research activities based on ion beam science at GNS Science in New Zealand. Ion beam analysis methods include Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction analysis which trace back to Rutherford's famous ‘gold foil’ and ‘splitting the atom’ experiments. These ion beam-based methods generally offer the ability to analyse materials for every element of the

ABSTRACT Ernest Rutherford carried out his post-graduate research in the Cavendish Laboratory as one of the first generation of graduate students from outside Cambridge to study for a higher degree by research. His first experiments in radioactivity were carried out in the period 1896–1898. He returned to Cambridge as Cavendish Professor in 1919, following a remarkable period of discovery in nuclear

ABSTRACT Between February and May 2020, New Zealand recorded 1504 cases of COVID-19 before eliminating community transmission of the virus in June 2020. During this period, a series of control measures were used including population-wide interventions implemented via a four-level alert system, border restrictions, and a test, trace, and isolate system. Mathematical modelling played a key role in informing

ABSTRACT Physical distancing (also commonly known as social distancing) is an important non-pharmaceutical strategy to minimise the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. A range of restrictions to promote physical distancing form a key part of the Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) all-of-government response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of physical distancing strategies is highly dependent

(2021). Cognitive and affective neuroscience: approaches and applications. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Vol. 51, Special issue: Cognitive and affective neuroscience: Approaches and applications. Guest Editors: Susan Schenk, Karen Waldie and Gina Grimshaw, pp. 1-3.

ABSTRACT The conventional atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises a single cantilever with piezoelectric base excitation and optical read-out. The micro-electromechanical system is raster scanned over a sample surface to generate topographic measures as well as information on selected material properties. For some large sample surfaces and biological processes, a single cantilever scan may render insufficient

ABSTRACT This paper derives predictive reduced-order models for rocket engine combustion dynamics via Operator Inference, a scientific machine learning approach that blends data-driven learning with physics-based modelling. The non-intrusive nature of the approach enables variable transformations that expose system structure. The specific contribution of this paper is to advance the formulation robustness

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to outline the impact Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has had on health research in New Zealand. We used data from the University of Otago, Christchurch, a research intensive satellite campus of the University of Otago with a large number of research only grant funded staff to highlight challenges and opportunities. All non-COVID-19 related laboratory and clinical research

ABSTRACT Nitrogen pollution of surface water systems is becoming a global problem, especially within river networks that receive run-off from agricultural land. Methods such as riparian buffering and the construction of artificial wetlands have proven effective when the conversion of land is achievable. An alternate approach is to consider in-stream remediation methods that capture and process incoming

ABSTRACT Over forty-nine days of Level 4 and Level 3 lockdown, residents of Aotearoa New Zealand were subject to ‘stay home’ regulations that restricted physical contact to members of the same social ‘bubble’. This article examines their moral decision-making and affective experiences of lockdown, especially when faced with competing responsibilities to adhere to public health regulations, but also

ABSTRACT Over forty-nine days of Level 4 and Level 3 lockdown, residents of Aotearoa New Zealand were subject to ‘stay home’ regulations that restricted physical contact to members of the same social ‘bubble’. This article examines their moral decision-making and affective experiences of lockdown, especially when faced with competing responsibilities to adhere to public health regulations, but also

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to outline the impact Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 has had on health research in New Zealand. We used data from the University of Otago, Christchurch, a research intensive satellite campus of the University of Otago with a large number of research only grant funded staff to highlight challenges and opportunities. All non-COVID-19 related laboratory and clinical research

ABSTRACT Nitrogen pollution of surface water systems is becoming a global problem, especially within river networks that receive run-off from agricultural land. Methods such as riparian buffering and the construction of artificial wetlands have proven effective when the conversion of land is achievable. An alternate approach is to consider in-stream remediation methods that capture and process incoming

ABSTRACT Foredunes play an important role in protecting coastal communities and their assets. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate wind flow over foredunes has great potential because it can enable three-dimensional visualisations of the flow field, critical to predicting sediment pathways. Generalised conceptual models of foredune evolution and maintenance can then be built and

ABSTRACT Foredunes play an important role in protecting coastal communities and their assets. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate wind flow over foredunes has great potential because it can enable three-dimensional visualisations of the flow field, critical to predicting sediment pathways. Generalised conceptual models of foredune evolution and maintenance can then be built and

ABSTRACT Taramea is the prized resinous exudate obtained from native Aciphylla plants (speargrass) identified as a taonga by Ngāi Tahu Māori in their Treaty of Waitangi tribunal claim Settlement. Ngāi Tahu recognised two types of Aciphylla, the larger was known as taramea and used as a fragrance, while the tap root of the smaller type, called papaī, was eaten but not used as kakara (fragrance). The

ABSTRACT New genetic tools can potentially mitigate the decline of biodiversity. Democratisation of science mandates public opinion be considered while new technologies are in development. We conducted eleven focus groups in New Zealand to explore three questions about novel technologies (gene drive and two others for comparison of pest control tools): (1) what are the risks/benefits? (2) how do they

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has forced us to think critically about alternative global and local response strategies to the unprecedented devastation. Some of the most infected groups are Pacific communities and this has raised concern about the need to seriously address the issue of health and socio-economic inequality. One way of doing this is through social protection. The paper critically examines some of

ABSTRACT The pioneering works of E. Rutherford related to radioactivity and nuclear science were contributions to physics, but they also had important implications for chemistry. Thus, in his early study of the ‘emanation’ liberated from thorium and radium Rutherford showed that it was a new element (radon). His theory of radioactive decay sounded the death knell over the old chemical dogma of the

Ernest Rutherford is known almost universally as the discoverer of the structure of the atom. He is less well known for his discovery of the proton. Even less well known is a set of hypotheses on t...

Kaumātua have key leadership responsibilities within their communities and are crucial in curbing the spread of COVID-19. Yet kaumātua are also among the most vulnerable to the disease, given compr...

ABSTRACT Rutherford’s studies of radioactivity and the structure of atoms led after his death to the discovery of nuclear fission, and subsequently the rapid development of reactors and nuclear weapons. Historic proposals for research and power reactors in New Zealand and safety assessments of nuclear-powered ships are reviewed. Atmospheric weapons tests gave rise to contaminated sites and dispersed

The first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand resulted in disruptions to everyday life, including changes in grocery shopping, cooking and eating. This study aimed to capture changes...

ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, New Zealand was promoted as a land of plenty, promising a ‘better life’, to encourage families to settle and develop the growing colony. This paper characterises the life-course of early settlers to New Zealand through historical epidemiological and osteological analyses of the St John’s burial ground in Milton, Otago. These people represent some of the first

We are conscious beings: Somehow, the activity of our brains and nervous systems gives rise to states in which we have subjective experiences; and when we are in such states, we are aware of specif...

ABSTRACT We aimed to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from New Zealand donors. These lines are the first to be generated in New Zealand. Human dermal fibroblasts were collected from two individual donors and reprogrammed with the human OSKM transcription factors using the Sendai virus system. Emerging iPSC colonies were picked, expanded and karyotyped. Clones with normal karyotype

ABSTRACT Global elimination of HBV is feasible thanks to the availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine. However, this will not help almost 300 million adults living with chronic HBV infection. Current therapy can reduce complications but is administered life-long and is associated with risk of breakthrough and potential cumulative toxicity. There is therefore great interest in developing

Aneurysms are common vascular diseases which affect normal haemodynamics in the aorta. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) using stent-grafts is a common treatment that excludes the aneurysm from the...

Bottom friction causes a vertical shear in the water column resulting in secondary circulation causing a helical flow pattern around curved open channels. Secondary circulation has cross-stream and...

ABSTRACT Phase Doppler measurement devices have established themselves as an alternative to laser diffraction-based measurements for recording spray drop size distributions. In addition, phase Doppler devices also provide droplet velocities and volume flux. One limitation of the phase Doppler systems that is not discussed often in the literature is their sensitivity to the amplification voltage used

The conical diffuser is one of the oldest and most versatile hydraulic devices, however its performance is often less than optimal. This is because boundary layer separation and instabilities in th...

ABSTRACT A simple diagnostic narrow channel shallow water model for the cross-channel distribution of the depth average velocity is developed. It is diagnostic, because the slope of the stream-wise free surface is specified and it models the cross-channel distribution of the depth average velocity without any knowledge of the velocity field. A non-dimensional parameter that encapsulates the channel

This study investigates the use of a nonlinear model based on the penalisation approach to couple fluid flow and porous media flow. The problem is formulated using a unified Brinkman equation on th...

In this narrative review article, by critically appraising the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2017 data on stroke and currently used primary stroke prevention strategies, we show that the global bur...

This article provides insights into the ethnicity of people employed in Aotearoa New Zealand’s publicly-funded scientific workforce, with a particular focus on Māori and Pasifika scientists. We sho...

The body and brain work together to ensure that we evaluate and respond to environmental challenges in adaptive ways. Psychophysiology is the discipline that unites body and mind, by describing the...

One of the most fundamental features of the mammalian brain is its ability to encode, store and retrieve a large amount of information. The neurobiology of this ability has been studied for decades...

Forensic Neuroscience can be misused in the individual assessment context, but it actually has a much more important contribution to make for criminal behaviour and the law. Using neuroscientific m...

Human cognition is supported by diverse brain networks that undergo change throughout adulthood and can be impacted by brain disease. This review summarises some of the significant progress made by...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses within neural networks is the most likely candidate mechanism for learning and memory. LTP has been extensively studied in laboratory animals, but inquiry i...

Cognitive flexibility refers to the mental processes that allow us to adapt our behaviour as environmental circumstances change. In this paper, we describe various procedures that are commonly used...

This paper responds to an earlier one about mātauranga Māori by Dan Hikuroa [2017. Mātauranga Māori—the ūkaipō of knowledge in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 47(1):5–10],...