Carbon capture and storage (CCS) reduces carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by sequestration of captured CO₂ for long-term storage whereas carbon capture and utilization (CCU) offers resource conservation benefits by displacing the need for extracted CO₂ from natural sources. The integration of these two results in a carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) system, which either uses CO₂ for profitable applications or stores it in the reservoirs. One of the key problems in CCS systems is to optimally match the sources (e.g., CO₂ captured from fossil-fueled power plants) and the sinks (e.g., available geological reservoirs for storing the captured CO₂). In practice, the geological storage sites may be available at different times and have limitations on the maximum CO₂ storage capacity and the injectivity rate, subject to other geological characteristics. This work proposes an improved pinch analysis-based methodology by simultaneously considering the injectivity constraints and variable availability of all sources and sinks. Two types of CO₂ storage are considered in this work, that is, sinks with fixed life and sinks with fixed capacity. A new CCUS Mapping Diagram is presented to show the capture of CO₂ to the individual sinks. Four illustrative examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology to the CCUS systems in which purity is not a constraint in CO₂ utilization. In some cases, the improved methodology overcomes the pitfall of the previous method by identifying rigorous CCUS targets.

中文翻译：

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一种针对目标的碳捕集，利用和存储系统的基于捏的方法

碳捕获和储存（CCS）通过将捕获的CO ₂隔离以进行长期存储来减少二氧化碳（CO ₂）排放，而碳捕获和利用（CCU）取代了从自然资源中提取CO ₂的需求，从而节省了资源。两者的整合形成了碳捕集，利用和封存（CCUS）系统，该系统将CO ₂用于有利可图的应用或将其存储在储层中。CCS系统中的关键问题之一是最佳地匹配来源（例如，从化石燃料发电厂捕获的CO ₂）和汇（例如，用于存储捕获的CO _2的可用地质储层））。实际上，根据其他地质特征，地质封存地点可能在不同时间可用，并且对最大CO ₂封存能力和注入速率有限制。这项工作提出了一种改进的基于捏分析的方法，同时考虑了所有源和汇的注入性约束和可变可用性。在这项工作中考虑了两种类型的CO ₂储存，即具有固定寿命的水槽和具有固定容量的水槽。提出了一个新的CCUS映射图，以显示将CO ₂捕集到各个汇的情况。四个说明性例子说明了所提出的方法论对CCUS系统的适用性，其中纯度不是CO的限制₂利用率。在某些情况下，通过确定严格的CCUS目标，改进的方法克服了先前方法的陷阱。