Abstract The rapid growth in nuclear industries such as uranium ores mining, nuclear energy generation, spent-fuel treatment and nuclear weapon manufacture has caused a legacy of uranium contamination in the aquatic environment, which poses a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. The safe and effective disposal of uranium-contaminated water has thus been an urgent requirement. For decades, various materials have been shown to be capable for removing uranium from aqueous solution by adsorption technique, namely inorganic materials (e.g., clay minerals, metal oxides, mesoporous silica), organic polymers (e.g., resins, cellulose, chitosan), carbon family materials (e.g., mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides), and porous framework materials (e.g., covalent organic frameworks, metal-organic frameworks). In this review, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the researches conducted from 2005 to 2018 for uranium removal from aqueous solution by these emerging materials. The different approaches in the determination of the adsorption mechanisms between uranium and adsorbents are also briefly summarized, involving macroscopic experimental approaches, microscopic spectroscopic and computational approaches. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and propose future research perspectives in hopes of inspiring more dramatic advancements in the material and environment remediation fields.

中文翻译：

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用于铀污染水处理和环境修复的新兴天然和定制材料

摘要 铀矿开采、核能发电、乏燃料处理和核武器制造等核工业的快速发展，造成了水环境中铀污染的遗留问题，对生态环境和人类健康构成了潜在威胁。因此，安全有效地处理受铀污染的水已成为迫切需要。几十年来，各种材料已被证明能够通过吸附技术从水溶液中去除铀，即无机材料（例如粘土矿物、金属氧化物、介孔二氧化硅）、有机聚合物（例如树脂、纤维素、壳聚糖）、碳族材料（例如介孔碳、碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯）和多孔骨架材料（例如共价有机骨架、金属有机骨架）。在这篇综述中，我们对 2005 年至 2018 年期间进行的这些新兴材料从水溶液中去除铀的研究进行了系统而全面的概述。还简要总结了确定铀和吸附剂之间吸附机制的不同方法，包括宏观实验方法、微观光谱方法和计算方法。最后，我们讨论了当前的局限性并提出了未来的研究前景，以期激发材料和环境修复领域的更大进步。还简要总结了确定铀和吸附剂之间吸附机制的不同方法，包括宏观实验方法、微观光谱方法和计算方法。最后，我们讨论了当前的局限性并提出了未来的研究前景，以期激发材料和环境修复领域的更大进步。还简要总结了确定铀和吸附剂之间吸附机制的不同方法，包括宏观实验方法、微观光谱方法和计算方法。最后，我们讨论了当前的局限性并提出了未来的研究前景，以期激发材料和环境修复领域的更大进步。