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Ethics of Human Genome Editing.
Annual Review of Medicine ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-27 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-112717-094629
Barry S Coller 1
Affiliation  

Advances in human genome editing, in particular the development of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 method, have led to increasing concerns about the ethics of editing the human genome. In response, the US National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine constituted a multidisciplinary, international committee to review the current status and make recommendations. I was a member of that committee, and the core of this review reflects the committee's conclusions. The committee's report, issued in February 2017, recommends the application of current ethical and regulatory standards for gene therapy to somatic (nonheritable) human genome editing. It also recommends allowing experimental germline genome editing to proceed if ( a) it is restricted to preventing transmission of a serious disease or condition, ( b) the edit is a modification to a common DNA sequence known not to be associated with disease, and ( c) the research is conducted under a stringent set of ethical and regulatory requirements. Crossing the so-called red line of germline genome editing raises important bioethical issues, most importantly, serious concern about the potential negative impact on individuals with disabilities. This review highlights some of the major ethical considerations in human genome editing in light of the report's recommendations.

中文翻译:

人类基因组编辑伦理学。

人类基因组编辑的进展,特别是簇状规则间隔回文重复序列(CRISPR)/ Cas9方法的发展,引起了人们对人类基因组编辑伦理学的关注。作为回应,美国国家科学院和国家医学科学院组成了一个多学科的国际委员会,以审查目前的状况并提出建议。我曾是该委员会的成员,而本次审查的核心反映了该委员会的结论。该委员会于2017年2月发布的报告建议将当前的伦理和法规标准应用于基因治疗在人体(不可继承)人类基因组编辑中的应用。它还建议在以下情况下允许进行实验种系基因组编辑:(a)限于防止严重疾病或状况的传播;(b)该编辑是对已知与疾病无关的常见DNA序列的修饰,并且( c)研究是在严格的道德和法规要求下进行的。越过种系基因组编辑的所谓红线,提出了重要的生物伦理学问题,最重要的是,严重关注对残疾人的潜在负面影响。这篇评论根据报告的建议重点介绍了人类基因组编辑中的一些主要伦理考虑。(c)该研究是在一系列严格的道德和法规要求下进行的。越过种系基因组编辑的所谓红线,提出了重要的生物伦理学问题,最重要的是,严重关注对残疾人的潜在负面影响。这篇评论根据报告的建议重点介绍了人类基因组编辑中的一些主要伦理考虑。(c)该研究是在一系列严格的道德和法规要求下进行的。越过种系基因组编辑的所谓红线,提出了重要的生物伦理学问题,最重要的是,严重关注对残疾人的潜在负面影响。这篇评论根据报告的建议重点介绍了人类基因组编辑中的一些主要伦理考虑。
更新日期:2019-01-28
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