Aquaculture is responsible for almost 50% of the global production of aquatic organisms. However, the activity generates residues that cause environmental impacts. Several strategies can be adopted from the planning stage to the residue treatment to reduce these negative impacts. Alternative rearing systems, such as integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA), integrated aquaculture‐agriculture systems, recirculation systems (RAS) and biofloc (BFT), can be implemented in place of the traditional monocultures. At the residue treatment stage, the solids particles can be removed by the settlement of suspended solids in tanks or mechanical filters. The reduction in dissolved nutrients is used in biological filters, constructed wetlands or the irrigation of agricultural crops. Finally, we describe the methodologies that are used to estimate the aquaculture environmental impacts. These methodologies allow the stages and processes that have a higher environmental impact in the production chain to be identified. Among them, we can highlight the life‐cycle assessment (LCA), emergy analysis and ecological footprint. The strategies described in this study can contribute to increasing aquaculture sustainability; however, studies should be developed that focus on more than just productivity and profitability, as it is necessary to include social and environmental issues.

中文翻译：

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有助于池塘水产养殖环境可持续性的策略概述：饲养系统，残留物处理和环境评估工具

水产养殖占全球水生生物产量的近50％。但是，该活动会产生残留物，从而对环境造成影响。从计划阶段到残渣处理，可以采取几种策略来减少这些负面影响。替代传统的单一养殖，可以采用替代饲养系统，例如综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA），综合水产养殖-农业系统，再循环系统（RAS）和生物絮凝物（BFT）。在残留物处理阶段，可以通过将悬浮固体沉淀在罐或机械过滤器中来除去固体颗粒。溶解的养分的减少可用于生物过滤器，人工湿地或农作物的灌溉。最后，我们描述了用于估算水产养殖环境影响的方法。这些方法可以识别在生产链中具有较高环境影响的阶段和过程。其中，我们可以重点介绍生命周期评估（LCA），能值分析和生态足迹。本研究中描述的策略可有助于提高水产养殖的可持续性；但是，应该进行研究，不仅要关注生产力和利润率，还必须包括社会和环境问题。本研究中描述的策略可有助于提高水产养殖的可持续性；但是，应该进行研究，不仅要关注生产力和利润率，还必须包括社会和环境问题。本研究中描述的策略可有助于提高水产养殖的可持续性；但是，应该进行研究，不仅要关注生产力和利润率，还必须包括社会和环境问题。